Granite iyona eminingi kakhulu ezwekazini lase uqweqwe magmatic idwala awayiphazamisi. Igama le nto zemvelo kakhulu kwakubangelwa oyiyo ukungena nakwamanye amazwe-okusanhlamvu (kusukela granum Latin -. "Umnikelo wokusanhlamvu"). Granite libhekisela zinhlobo esidi ngenxa yokuthi iqukethe semali Silicon dioxide - SiO2. Futhi lesi sici likhona alikhali egwadle, futhi magnesium, insimbi ne-calcium. Lokhu idwala ubhekwa omunye isikhathi eside kakhulu, okuqinile futhi isikhathi eside, ukuminyana yayo elilingana 2600 kg imitha cubic. Kulesi sihloko sibheka ukwakheka egwadle, kanye ngikuxoxele ngeengaba ekhona edwaleni kwembule impahla yayo futhi izici.
Umsuka egwadle nendawo nesenzakalo
Kukholakala ukuthi granites kwamiswa phezu eside inkathi Geological umlando emhlabeni wonke. Izinguqulo kubhekwe ezimbili izinhlobo lendabuko. Lithi kuqala ukuthi kwakhiwa egwadle is ngenxa inqubo crystallization magmatic ancibilike. Ngokwe-theory yesibili, kubhekwe yithi itshe kwamiswa bedle ultrametamorphism. Ngaphansi kwethonya ingcindezi, ukushisa namanzi ukhuphuka uvela izingqimba ezijulile emhlabathini, eyenziwa granitisation inqubo. Inani elikhulu imali kuleli dwala ezisindayo-duty, kuhlanganise US, China, Brazil, eScandinavia nase-Ukraine. Ezweni lethu, kukhona ezifakwa ocebile le nto zemvelo. It is etholwe amahlanu egwadle ngasezinkwalini, kuhlanganise Arkhangelsk futhi Voronezh izifunda, kanye eCaucasus. Ngokuvamile ezakhelene wathi nsimbi zihlukile, kuhlanganise tin, ithusi, zinc, i-tungsten molybdenum nomthofu.
Cabangela ukuthi ingxenye egwadle. Feldspar futhi asebenza ngebhethri
Ngokusho kumalungu ayo, kwalelidwala kungokwalabo polymineral, esingavunyelwe sakhiwa isakhi esisodwa, kodwa eziningana. Omunye izakhi eziyinhloko ezakha egwadle kuyinto feldspar. Kuyinto amaminerali iqembu silicate. Njengoba umthetho, egwadle wayengekho ngaphansi kuka-50%, bese zonke 60! Lokhu amaminerali rock-ukwakha elikhona edwaleni ifomu potassium feldspar (orthoclase, adular) kanye plagioclase acid (oligoclase, bytownite, Labrador, nokunye. D.). Enye ingxenye ebalulekile egwadle kuyinto asebenza ngebhethri - idwala-ukwakha amaminerali iningi kanzima kakhulu enkulu yamadwala igneous. isabelo sayo akuyona ezingaphezu kuka-30% ukucabangela Imininingwane zohlobo. Ukushumeka kubukeke sengathi okusanhlamvu elincane Vitreous. In the state kwemvelo asebenza ngebhethri Ayinambala, kodwa njengoba rock sakhiwa egwadle livele imibala ehlukene - ophuzi, pink, obomvu, onsomi, nokunye ..
Dark-ezinemibala amaminerali nezinye amanyela emkhandweni Ukwakheka egwadle
Ngaphandle asebenza ngebhethri futhi feldspar, edwaleni iqukethe inclusions esidi nezinye. bavamise ukuthatha elingekho ngaphezu kuka 10% wezindleko. It biotite, lithium mica, muscovite futhi hornblende. Ingxenye encane kuthathe accessory ye - ezifana apatite futhi zircon, namaminerali ane-alikhali - tourmaline, garnet kanye itopazi. Ngakho, sahlola Ukwakheka egwadle. Isikimu sibonisa yezingxenye eyisisekelo yaleli impahla yemvelo.
izinhlobo egwadle
Kuye izici amaminerali kanye amakhemikhali ukwakheka egwadle, akwazile ukuthola ezinye zalezi izinhlobo zalo. Enye indlela simo lakhelwe iphesenti plagioclase edwaleni. Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo egwadle:
- feldspar alikhali (ngaphansi kwama-10% plagioclase);
- granite ngokwayo (kusukela ngo-10% kuya 65% plagioclase);
- granodiorite (kusuka 65% kuya ku 90% plagioclase);
- Tonalite (kuka 90% plagioclase).
Ngaphezu kwalokho iphesenti feldspar, njengesisekelo ukuhlukanisa phakathi izinhlobo zamatshe ezithathwe ngaphansi ukucatshangelwa okuqukethwe amaminerali ezincane mafic. Ngokusho lokhu ngezigaba, ukuhlukanisa zinhlobo anjalo ukuzalela: Alaska - egwadle, hhayi kuhlanganise metal amnyama onjengomlilo leykogranit - kokuba okuqukethwe ongaphakeme wabo. Two-mica egwadle - okungukuthi, ngaphandle feldspar futhi asebenza ngebhethri, muscovite futhi biotite, futhi iqukethe aegerine ane-alikhali futhi amphibole.
izici Bezakhiwe zohlobo
Kunenye ngezigaba esekelwe izici kwesakhiwo textural edwaleni wathi. Advantageously, egwadle has luyimbudumbudu crystal isakhiwo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi porphyry. Imvelo iyona omkhulu izingqimba impahla, akhiwa Ukupholisa ngomoya magma. Ngenxa yokuthi iqina Ukuboshelwa egwadle is kwakhiwa kokuba isakhiwo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi esihle futhi indawo. Amasampula wale mithandazo abizwa ngokuthi egwadle porphyry. Isibonelo egwadle porphyry idwala rapakivi angenza isakhiwo indawo (Finland). Anakho inclusions ka orthoclase usayizi Iqanda isikhukhukazi sika.
Umbala egwadle
Amaminerali ezakha egwadle kungenzeka edwetshwe amadwala ezihlukahlukene imibala. Njengomthetho, inquma umbala orthoclase itshe. Okuvame kakhulu kuyinto ukukhanya grey umbala. ERussia, esakazwa kabanzi obomvu impahla. Ukwakheka amaminerali egwadle ngemibala egqamile kuhlanganisiwe feldspar kokuba hematite zinhlayiya, noma - yensimbi oxide. Batinikela idwala libe nombala abomvu. Ngaphesheya amatshe imibala aphuzi, blue and pink. Emerald luhlaza zohlobo esiyithola ngokuguquguquka oluhlaza potassium feldspar - amazonite. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuthola egwadle engavamile nemibala enhlobonhlobo. Kwenzeka ngenxa feldspar, ukuba iridescence. Ngokuvamile it is oligoclase futhi labradorite ukunikeza acwazimulayo enhle enhlobonhlobo, kwaphawuleka ngokukhethekile lapho turning itshe. Nansi onjalo ezithakazelisayo impahla, egwadle.
Ukwakheka nezakhiwo edwaleni
Le nto zemvelo has a lot of izici ezinhle ezenza kube Irreplaceable ezindaweni eziningi, ikakhulukazi embonini yokwakha. Okokuqala, egwadle okuhlala isikhathi eside. Kungaba ukukhonza isikhathi eside kanti ubukeka yayo yasekuqaleni. Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi yi-abantu "itshe okuphakade," futhi zonke ngoba lutho kwenzeka kuye phakathi namakhulu eminyaka. Okwesibili, le nto kuyinto amandla eziphakeme ngokwedlulele. Imikhiqizo ezenziwe akusiyo kuncike ukugqoka. Quartz - mineral sakhiwa egwadle - kwenza kwalelidwala yakhe sinamandla kakhulu kangangokuba lapho icutshungulwe, ukugaya nokuhlanganisa ukusika usebenzisa isaha nge idayimane enamathela ekhethekile. Okwesithathu, omunye wemizila ebaluleke kakhulu izakhiwo egwadle kuyinto ukumelana layo kunoma amathonya kwemvelo, futhi acid. Akudingi ukwelashwa kanye ukuvikelwa ezihlukahlukene oxidative kanye nemiphumela ebonakalayo. Kuphela emazingeni okushisa ngenhla degrees 600, angase ashintshe isakhiwo noma ngokuhlaziya. Okwesine, egwadle olumelana umswakama, cishe amanzi angangeni, ayikwazi ukudonsa amanzi futhi hhayi ngaphansi nokucekelwa ngenxa kwezulu. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, izakhiwo kanye izikhumbuzo wenza egwadle sikwazi ukulondoloza ukubukeka yayo yasekuqaleni. Futhi ekugcineni, hhayi okungenani, ukuthi egwadle akuyona ingozi. He is ephephile ngokuphelele abantu. Zonke lezi izakhiwo ukwenza idwala kubhekwe okwakha awusizo impahla.
Ukusetshenziswa egwadle
Wathi itshe kabanzi ukuze kwakhiwe amathayela, njengoba okuhlala, amelana amathonya kwemvelo futhi ihlala isikhathi eside ekhethekile. Ngenxa ukumelana nokuhuzuka kokucindezelwa, ke ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa umhlobiso ngaphakathi kanye nabangaphandle. Granite kakhulu ukumelana ukungcola, ngakho-ke livame ukusetshenziswa womshini handrails, izitebhisi, amakholomu, countertops, ifasitela Sills, ibha zokubala. Ngokuvamile nge egwadle fireplaces nemithombo zenziwa, ngoba linamandla okushisa futhi, futhi ukumuncwa umswakama. Ingaphandle zalolu hlobo ukucindezelwa kwakuvame ukusetshenziswa njengezaba ebheke, amatshe aqinile noma okwakha. amabhlogo itshe Granite ukusakaza izindlela zokuhamba, imigwaqo namabhuloho zivame Ukunquma zinsika, kule ndawo yokugibela imikhumbi emigwaqweni nasezigcawini. Made egwadle ezicijile, esaziwa izindonga, bona kuhlobisa mbumbulu kanye ezindongeni zezakhiwo. Futhi lokhu zohlobo ingasetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene imibala. ERussia, ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa izinhlobonhlobo grey, omhlophe, obomvu nonsundu. Ngeshwa, isizinda kanye ukucutshungulwa rocks igneous kunzima futhi ezibizayo, kodwa, le nto thukela esetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa ezivamile. It is ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa umhlobiso izinto abalulekile ukubaluleka yezakhiwo.
esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo egwadle
Ngemva efanele ukugaya egwadle ebusweni iba esibukweni, kuyilapho sibonakalisa ukubamba nokugcina ukukhanya imisebe. Ngakho-ke, itshe ubukeka abacebile olubabazeka kakhulu, ingasetshenziswa womshini ukubaza omkhulukazi nokwenziwa kwayo yezakhiwo. Isibonelo ubuhle, obugagu ukuqina egwadle angasebenza izikhumbuzo, izakhiwo mlando futhi izakhiwo elalizokwakhiwa e emazweni amaningi, kuhlanganise eRussia. Noma isiphi isakhiwo egwadle kungokokwakhiwa bemibuso ethile futhi monumentality, bawabulala umcabango kwamandla kwayo nobuhle.