Ebaziwe Monumental: definition. I zodumo ka classical kanye wesimanje ebaziwe omkhulu

ebaziwe Monumental ngempela ihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo ezifanayo yobuciko. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi emelela inhloso hhayi kuphela lombhali, umzuzwana nje ezinkulu emlandweni, noma ngisho isikhathi esigcwele. Ngokuvamile, lawo masayithi efakwe ngqo lapho imisebenzi ehlukahlukene okwenzeka, okuyilokho, eqinisweni, zingabantu abazinikele.

Nakuba yokubuka izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu omkhulukazi Viewer ukwenza imizuliswano. Iqiniso liwukuthi, ngokungafani imidwebo, izithombe eziqoshiwe kanye izikhumbuzo ukubheka okungenzeka. Ngakho, ukuze simazi kangcono ubuciko isidingo kuzo zonke imibono.

definition

Ezikhathini zanamuhla, kukhona izincazelo eziningana ebaziwe. Okokuqala, it is a lesikhumbuzo, Itshe, Obelisk noma okunye lamiswao ngenhloso eyodwa - ukuhlonipha inkumbulo yomuntu ukuthi wenze okuningi okuhle idolobha noma izwe.

Okwesibili, into ebaziwe anikezelwe izenzakalo zomlando. Ngokuvamile, it efakwe ekupheleni izimpi. Kukhona amacala lapho izikhumbuzo kuthiwa elalizokwakhiwa e eminyakeni esenzeka edolobheni.

Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke ebaziwe omkhulu - yiliphi esifanekisweni, okuyinto unamahlangothi ezinkulu. Kodwa le ncazelo akakwazi ngokuthi ucwaningo, yize kuthatha indawo.

Eqinisweni, ebaziwe omkhulukazi omuhle wobuciko ukuthi lunikezelwe izenzakalo zomlando. It kungabuye badunyiswe babantu okukhulu. Sici Its sici kuyinto ngezinga elikhulu, futhi ngokuvumelana izakhiwo ezizungezile.

Izethameli eziqondiwe kubhekwa nezithameli mass. Asinakusho ukuthi lesikhumbuzo kungaba ebaziwe nge sibalo, lapho kungenzeka. eyakhelwe Ngezinye izikhathi nezikhathi ezigcwele ukulwa nalo iqhaza ubuntu eziningana, amagobolondo nokunye.

Umlando ebaziwe omkhulu

ERussia, kanye emhlabeni wonke amakhulu amaningi eminyaka ke phelelisa ubuciko ebaziwe. Okokuqala, njengoba impahla isihlahla esetshenziswa ke itshe. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi, eKiev kukhona umsebenzi wokuqala uhlamvu omkhulukazi. Kuyatjhaphulula the Virgin Hodegetria.

Kodwa abakholelwa ukuthi ebaziwe omkhulu kanye zokuhlobisa empeleni iqala eKiev. Iqiniso lokuthi amakhosi Slavic waqeqeshwa WaseByzantium Okugweda abanamakhono. Uhlobo WaseByzantium kubhekwe kwaba kakade zithandwa kakhulu.

Izinhlobo yokuqala ebaziwe omkhulu besishumayela umlando womuntu. Bona samuntu impi phakathi konkulunkulu, abashisekeli emadolobheni noma lapho bebeletha, nokunye. Futhi kuphela amakhulu ambalwa eminyaka, kwaba nombhikisho emhlabeni yobuciko. Kukhona ezikhumbuzo kuqala ngawo kuhlelwe ukuba immortalize abantu empeleni ekhona nokudala izinto ewusizo emhlabeni.

Ubuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa ebaziwe omkhulu

Ngaphambi ukubaza omkhulukazi izofakwa endaweni agodliwe ngoba, omningi. Kunezindlela eziningana amasu yokukhiqiza, kodwa ngamunye wabo nobabili. Inqubo yenzeka 7 zinyathelo:

1. Dala indaba emfushane ephepheni.
2. Ukudala emfushane ingcaca, okuzokwenziwa emelelwa ebaziwe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene umbono.
3. Ukudala esifanekisweni elincane umfuziselo elinama esithambile. Njengoba ungalindela, le isetshenziswa plasticine. Esikhathini esidlule kwakunzima ukuzama sculpt ikhophi amancane, ngakho zonke izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu enziwa "inzuzo."
4. Ukudala imodeli ukusebenza, lapho ibala wonke Ingxenye, kuze izingxenye ezincane.
5. Kubalwa olinganise endaweni Ukudidiyela uhlelo olulodwa. Ngokuvamile imidwebo kuyenziwa futhi, kodwa ikhumbula umsebenzi wenzeke.
6. Ukuqalisa nge material. Sentimutha umqophi yakha indalo yakhe yesikhathi esizayo.
7. Made ukunyakaza sokugcina, ilungisa imininingwane ezincane ezifana izinwele, amehlo, izindebe nezinye emakhoneni.

Ngakho, ukudalwa isithombe encane kungathatha eminyakeni eminingi noma ngisho emashumini eminyaka. Phela, kudingeka ucabangele eziningi imininingwane ukudala wobuciko.

ukukhiqizwa impahla

ebaziwe Monumental tingentiwa ngezinto ezahlukene. ubuhlakani True uyakwazi ukusebenzisa konke anakho esandleni. Kodwa kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe izinto ezilandelayo:

• itshe yemvelo - zemabula noma egwadle. Eyokuqala ikuvumela ukuba wenze imigqa ethambile futhi izici, kodwa kahle umelana umswakama. Ngakho-ke, sibekwe emifanekisweni emgwaqweni egwadle esetshenziswa kaningi. Imikhiqizo eyayiqoshwe ezinkulu ezinkulu.
• itshe Artificial - oluyinhlanganisela. Le nto batheleka isikhunta. Uma ebaziwe esomile, aba eseqedile ngokuphelele. Ngu uhlobo imikhiqizo musa ihluke kakhulu kusukela zemabula noma egwadle, kodwa ishibhile.
• Metal - zethusi, ithusi noma ithusi. Indlela yokukhiqiza efana samuntu odlule. metal Olubunjiwe is batheleka isikhunta, bese lona isikhathi ukuze ome.
• Gypsum. Lokhu kwaziswa iyona elula Okugweda. Okokuqala, amanzi ixubene powder ke ingxube wafakwa batheleka isikhunta. Inqubo omiswe senzeka ngokushesha, ngokoqobo ngaphakathi isigamu sehora.
• Tree. Kulokhu, ebaziwe angase avunwe kusuka ucezu Monolithic, noma adalwe izingxenye ngabanye.

Kukhethwa impahla ligxile kuphela isifiso umqophi wemifanekiso, ngezinye izikhathi kuphela kuyakhethwa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zamakhasimende komkhiqizo.

Izinhlobo ukubaza omkhulukazi

ebaziwe Monumental akunamkhawulo ezihlukahlukene zalo. Wena kungaholela eziningi izibonelo ezohlotshaniswa nale art. Nokho, kukhona kwezinhlobo okuyiwona kukhona omkhulu ngezigaba onobuhle:

• ESikhumbuzweni. Lokhu ebaziwe, ngawo umuntu uzama ukuvuselela umdali.
• Isikhumbuzo. Lesi sithombe esiyisikhumbuzo, which busisa izenzakalo zomlando noma izibalo.
• Statue - isikhumbuzo elalinikezelwe ngabanye.
• Itshe - ipuleti mpo, okuyinto uthela okucashunwe libhalwe noma ukudweba.
• Obelisk - insika, ehlanganisa 4 ubuso ukuthi tapered phezulu.
• ebaziwe Monumental kanye zokuhlobisa. It wenza imisebenzi emibili. Okokuqala, luqhuba umcimbi noma umuntu. Futhi okwesibili, wenziwa ukuze uvumelane imvelo ngokuvumelana nalo, okungukuthi ngokokuhlobisa.
• UJesu ungena amakholomu, nemengamo noma amasango. Lezi izakhiwo ukuthi lwenziwa behlonipha ukunqoba umuntu ukuqeda ukucindezela kwabantu nokungabi khona njalo.

Kungenzeka ukuthi esikhathini samanje kuyoba Okugweda abanamakhono eyakukuveza zinhlobo ezengeziwe ngezigaba jikelele. Ngakho thatha uhlu oluphelele kungaba kuphela okwamanje, asikwazi ukusiphika ukunxenxa yaso.

izibonelo

Ezweni ngalinye, kunalokho kudlangile ebaziwe omkhulu. Izibonelo kungaholela unomphela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi njalo isimo has umlando walo, izikhathi zalo ezibalulekile kwabantu baso okukhulu. Futhi qeda azani lokuxoxela izizukulwane ezizayo, izikhumbuzo yamisa futhi namatshe amade abaziwe, eziqoshiwe kanye izikhumbuzo, steles kanye nezikhumbuzo.

Njengoba isibonelo Russian, cabanga isikhumbuzo Petru 1, elise Petersburg. umqophi Omkhulu Falcone wasebenza kuso ngoba cishe engu-15 edlule.

Kufanele sinake le Alexandria ikholomu. It is Kunikezelwa ukunqoba uNapoleon, kodwa u-Alexander I sazilahla ukwakhiwa yayo. Nokho, inzalo zombusi wazizwa kwesokudla namanje abhebhezela lolu Russian isikhashana ezingokomlando ezibalulekile.

Kusukela ukubaza omkhulukazi angaphandle ungabona esifanekisweni Aurelius, eRome. ukulondolozwa kwalo kuze kube namuhla kufanele kubhekwe impumelelo enkulu. Lapho bonke eziqoshiwe Mark elicibilikile, lokhu lesikhumbuzo kuyinto esifanekisweni usumtholile umuntu ehluke ngokuphelele. Namuhla, Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukubheka ngemva kokubuyiselwa kubukeka sengathi entsha.

Lethusi wehhashi

Ukuze bakghone ukwenza isikhumbuzo Petru 1, Falcone wamenywa eRussia ngomyalo Umbusikazi uCatherine II. UMbazi ngaleso sikhathi wayesemdala kakade ngokwanele (iminyaka engu-50) ngomsebenzi emikhulu, kwakungelula ngaye eFrance. Yena ngokwakhe, oda ekufezeni ku esimila abavamile, namanje waphupha iphrojekthi enkulu. Lapho isimemo weza, yena akazange ngisho kudingeka ucabange. Weza Russia njengoba nje ayengakwenza.

Falcone emsebenzini iminyaka engu-12. Kodwa ngokuzimela ngokuphelele akhiphe ebaziwe akakwazanga noma umane engafuni. Inhloko lesikhumbuzo wathatha umfundi wakhe, ubani oweza futhi naye. Inyoka ngaphansi kwezinyawo zehhashi benza umqophi Russian.

Njengoba lo msebenzi waba mikhulu, inkosi akazange uyavumelana ekusakazeni. A ithuba izifiki kwakungelona ngokwezimali kungenzeka. Kodwa wabe esephendukela Haylovu, owavuma ukufundisa Falcone, amsize ukukhethwa amasampula kanye olinganise.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umqophi kwaba imali sincane, kodwa ngosizo emuva ngeNkathi Yethusi wehhashi wakwazi abhebhezela hhayi kuphela uMbusi isiRashiya, kodwa futhi ngokwabo. Namuhla, wonke umuntu angakwazi ukuthola kangcono ebaziwe, kuba domain yomphakathi Petersburg.

Statue of Aurelius

Kukhona izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu esesikhundleni amakhulu amaningi eminyaka. Abanye babo kuphela ezaziwa kusukela ezibhaliwe noma emanxiweni. Kodwa omunye namanje uyasinda kuze kube yilolu suku. Lena esifanekisweni Aurelius eRoma.

Ngokuvamile, kwakukhona nemifanekiso eminingi efanayo. Nokho, ngeNkathi Ephakathi Basebegcwaliswa bonke elicibilikile phansi ezihlukahlukene imikhiqizo ewusizo kusuka ngethusi. isithombe-Equestrian Aurelius walondoloza kuphela ngenxa yephutha. Iqiniso ukuthi kudidaniswe esifanekisweni soMbusi uConstantine Omkhulu.

Esikhathini Renaissance lesikhumbuzo wakhonza njengephayona isampula ummeleli. Okugweda Abaningi, kuhlanganise ithalente ngisho wayeyisazi Donatello, waphendukela kuye, bancika kuye.

Alexander ikholomu

Alexander ikholomu uvele iphrojekthi ngokushesha ngemva kokunqotshwa Napoleon. Nokho, i-emperor akazange ayisekele nendlela umqondo, ngoba wayengumuntu onesizotha, kanye nombhalo oqoshwe kulo ekubongeni behlonipha u-Alexander I, akazange ivumelane kuye. Umsebenzi ku Obelisk kumisiwe.

Kamuva, lapho uKarl Rossi wahlanganyela Umklamo General Abasebenzi, yena uvuma izakhiwo ngaphansi Alexander Ikholomu. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1829 u-Nicholas kwadingeka akukho abangakwenza ngaphandle kokuhlala avume ukwenza lo msebenzi. Ngeshwa, ukuthuthukiswa yakhe angiphathise hhayi Rossi futhi Montferrand.

Alexander Ikholomu senziwa egwadle abomvu. onesiqongo lihlotshiswe ingelosi. Limelela eliphakeme lokunqoba ikholomu emhlabeni. Futhi sici esiwuphawu wukuthi ngaphansi kwaso akukho isisekelo noma inqwaba ukuqinisa. Ngoba kunesithembiso sibonga kuphela i ukubala olunembile.

Ukwakhiwa Admiralty

Ukwakhiwa Admiralty Petersburg kwenziwa ngokuvumelana imidwebo kaPetru I. lokwakha lwaqala ngo-1704. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-7 maphakathi isakhiwo olungaphambili lwesonto, umbhoshongo, Spire ukuthi kuhlobisa ngesikebhe esincane.

Ukwakhiwa Admiralty Petersburg ingenye izakhiwo esemqoka yedolobha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezitaladini ezinkulu ezintathu aphambana nalo. olungaphambili lwesonto Main phezu ubude 407 amamitha. Eduze kukhona umhlobiso sculptural, okubandakanya eziqoshiwe eziningana namakholomu.

isiphetho

Noma kunjalo, indawo ebalulekile ikhono lokwenza into ebaziwe omkhulu. Izithombe ezihlukahlukene eziqoshiwe lokunqoba, izithombe eziqoshiwe noma izikhumbuzo kuhlobisa Amakhasi izincwadi eziningi emlandweni. Ezinye izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu kukhona emaqoqweni yangasese, kodwa ngisho ngezikhathi show emibukisweni. Nokho, ingxenye enkulu zonke izikhumbuzo elise emigwaqweni yasemadolobheni, futhi wonke umuntu angakwazi ukuzifunda mahhala.