Russian-Japanese impi ka 1904-1905: izizathu kanye nemiphumela

Omunye zimpi ezinkulu kubhekwa impi Russian-Japanese ka 1904-1905. Izizathu ke kuxoxwa ngazo esihlokweni. Ngenxa yalokho kokungqubuzana isetshenzisiwe yempi izibhamu, yesikhathi eside wezikhali, kubabulali.

Ingqikithi yale mpi kwaba ukuthi okuyinto kwemibuso ezimbili ezilwayo wayeyobusa Ekude. UMbusi waseRussia uNicholas II kubhekwe kube into eza kuqala ukuze uqinise ithonya namandla ayo eMpumalanga Asia. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uMbusi Meiji of Japan wafuna ukuthola ukulawula ngokuphelele Korea. Impi yaba ngenakugwemeka.

ukungqubuzana INGEMUVA

Kuyaqondakala ukuthi impi Russian-Japanese ka 1904-1905 (izizathu zixhumene ne Ekude) akazange aqale masinyane. Yena kwakufanele ngesizinda sakhe siqu.

Russia uye wathuthela e-Asia Ephakathi kuya imingcele Afghanistan nasePheresiya, ezithinta izithakazelo UK. Ukungakwazi ukwandisa kule isiqondiso, umbuso wawugxilisa East. Kube China, okuyinto kulindeleke ukuthi baphothule ukukhathala e iMpi opium kanye Taiping Rebellion waphoqeleka ukuba uthumele njengengxenye yensimu Russian. Ngakho watholela ukulawula Primorye (insimu ka Vladivostok yesimanje), i-Kuril Islands, ingxenye esiqhingini Sakhalin. Ukuze uxhume emingceleni ezikude sidalwe Trans-Siberian sesitimela, okuyinto kujantshi enikeziwe isixhumanisi phakathi eChelyabinsk Vladivostok. Ngaphezu ujantshi, Russia kuhlelwe zohwebo Sea Yellow ngokusebenzisa ice-free ePort Arthur.

EJapane, ngesikhathi esifanayo abayifaka ukuguqulwa yabo. Kwake kwathi ngo-amandla, uMbusi Meiji ukumisa Inqubomgomo self-nokuzihlukanisa waqala sesimanje isimo. Zonke kwekuhlela kabusha bakhe aba yimpumelelo kangangokuba ngemva kwekhulu ikota emva ekuqaleni Empire wakwazi ukuba icabangisise ukunwetshwa lempi kwamanye amazwe. izinhloso zayo kuqala kwakungumprofethi China ne Korea. Ukunqoba Japan phezu China wamvumela ukuba uthole ku-1895, amalungelo Korea, isiqhingi-Taiwan, nakwamanye amazwe.

Uthuthuva ukungqubuzana phakathi imibuso emibili enamandla okubusa eMpumalanga Asia. Umphumela waba empini Russian-Japanese ka 1904-1905. Izimbangela ingxabano kuyafaneleka ukucabangela kabanzi.

Ziyini izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu we impi

Ngoba kokubili amandla wawubalulekile ukukhombisa impumelelo yabo bokulwa, ngakho zenzeka impi Russian-Japanese ka 1904-1905. Izimbangela lengxabano amanga kuphela izimangalo ensimini ka China, kodwa futhi ezimweni zasekhaya, okuyinto ngalesisikhathi esezikhona kokubili imibuso. Umkhankaso uphumelele empini, akagcini winner ukuhlomula kwezomnotho, kodwa futhi sithuthukisa isimo salo enkundleni yomhlaba athule nezitha iziphathimandla zayo ezikhona. Babelindele amabili uthi kule mpi? Yayiyini Ziyini izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu besizukulwane seMpi Russian-Japanese ka 1904-1905? Umdwebo ongezansi uchaza ngokufingqiwe izimpendulo zale mibuzo.

Kungenxa yokuthi kokubili amandla wafuna ukuxazulula zinqobe, zonke nezingxoxo zokubonisana Ungasingenisi imiphumela.

Ibhalansi amabutho phansi

Izimbangela iMpi Russian-Japanese ka 1904-1905 bobabili kwezomnotho nakwezombusazwe. On the front Eastern 23 wezikhali Brigade yathunyelwa kusuka eRussia. Ngokuphathelene zezinombolo inzuzo ibutho, ubuholi kwakungekaNkulunkulu Russia. Nokho, e-East, ibutho kungagcini abantu abayizinkulungwane 150. Nokho, bahlakazekela kuwo insimu enkulu.

• Vladivostok - abantu 45,000.
• Manzhouli - abantu 28.000.
• EPort Arthur - abantu 22000.
• NokuVikelwa Cer - abantu 35,000.
• Wezikhali, unjiniyela amasosha - abantu 8000.

Inkinga enkulu yempi isiRashiya kwakuwulimi remoteness kusukela European okuyingxenye. Ukuxhumana Kwenziwa yocingo, kanye ukulethwa - umugqa Cel. Nokho, ujantshi owayenamandla okophula inani elilinganiselwe izimpahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuholi azange abe amabalazwe olunembile endaweni, lapho kunomphumela ongemuhle phakathi nempi.

Japan ngaphambi kwempi kwadingeka ibutho izinkulungwane zabantu 375. Basuke endaweni kahle wafunda, babe amabalazwe okunengqondo olunembile. Ibutho sesithuthukisiwe ngochwepheshe English amasosha abaqotho kuKesari ekufeni.

Ibhalansi amabutho phezu kwamanzi

Ngaphezu sushi, futhi izimpi senzeka amanzi (Sea Yellow) ,. Japan kwaholela ngoxhaxha Admiral Togo Heyhatiro. umsebenzi waso kwakuyindishi ukuvimba isigaba isitha ngasePort Arthur. Kwesinye kolwandle (Japan) isigaba of Japan babemelene Vladivostok Cruisers iqembu.

Ukuqonda izimbangela neMpi Russian-Japanese ka 1904-1905, umbuso Meiji alungiselelwe ukulwa phezu kwamanzi ngokuphelele. imikhumbi Major izimoto zawo kuhlanganiswe benziwa eNgilandi, eFrance, eJalimane, futhi kakhulu aphakeme ngezitsha Russian.

Izenzakalo eyinhloko empini

Lapho, ngo-February 1904, amabutho Japanese waqala ukweqa ku Korea, umyalo Russian akazange ongabheka noma iliphi, nakuba babebadala izizathu ezicacile Lwempi Russian-Japanese ka 1904-1905.

Kafushane mayelana nomcimbi main.

• 02.09.1904. Sezomlando impi impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Varyag" ngokumelene isigaba Japanese eduze Chemulpo.
• 02.27.1904. Navy Japanese ehlaselwa Russian enkanjini e ePort Arthur, ngaphandle sempi. I-Japanese wokuqala esetshenziswa torpedoes futhi akhishwe 90% Pacific Fleet.
• Apreli 1904. I Ukungqubuzana wamabutho phansi kwezinto, eyabonisa sekungavumi yeRussia baya empini (ifomu lokungafani, ukuntuleka amabalazwe lempi, ukungakwazi kocingo). Ngenxa yokuba khona izikhulu Russian e amabhantshi ezimhlophe, amasosha Japanese kubalwa kalula futhi abulawe.
• May 1904. Ukuthatha echwebeni Japanese ngekusasa.
• Agasti 1904. Lo ekuvikeleni Russian ePort Arthur.
• Januwari 1905. Ukuthunyelwa ePort Arthur Stoessel.
• May 1905 Sea Battle ngesikhathi Tsushima wabhubhisa imikhumbi Russian (Vladivostok wabuya umkhumbi owodwa), kuyilapho noyedwa umkhumbi Japanese walimala.
• Julayi 1905 Ukuhlaselwa amabutho Japanese ku Sakhalin.

impi Russian-Japanese ka 1904-1905., Kusho izimbangela kwezomnotho ngokwemvelo, kuye kwaholela Ukuwohloka kokubili amandla. Japan waqala ukufuna izindlela ukuxazulula lolo dweshu. Yena yakhetha ngosizo United Kingdom nase-United States.

Battle of Chemulpo

impi Famous senzeka ngasogwini Korea 9/2/1904 (idolobha Chemulpo). imikhumbi emibili Russian wawuqondiswa uKaputeni Vsevolod Rudnev. Lawa kwakungamadodana impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Varyag" futhi isikebhe "Korean". Japan isigaba wayala Sotokiti Uriu armadillo lalinabashumayeli 2, 4 Cruisers, 8 kubabulali. Bavimbe imikhumbi Russian futhi baphoqwa ukuba alwe.

Ekuseni ngosuku olucwathile "Varyag" ne "Korean 'basindwe ihange futhi wazama ukuba aphume bay. Yokudumisa Ukuhamba kusuka echwebeni umculo wabo waqala ukudlala, kodwa imizuzu emihlanu nje kwi emphemeni wamshaya alamu. Rose impi ifulege.

I-Japanese besingalindele izenzo ezinjalo futhi wayethemba ukubhubhisa imikhumbi Russian ethekwini. I isigaba lesitha ezisheshayo ukukhulisa ihange, impi amafulegi futhi baqala ukulungiselela impi. Le mpi saqala shot of the "Asama". Kwabe sekufika nilwe udibi ukubhoboza neziqhumane ephezulu alufakwa kusuka zombili.

Amandla ukungalingani "Varyag" yayithonywe kakhulu ezilimele, futhi Rudnev nginquma ukushintsha emuva Anchorage. Lapho, amaJapane ayikwazanga ukuqhubeka zokudubula ingozi ukulimala imikhumbi nezinye izifundazwe.

Wehlise ihange, ithimba le-"Varyag" waqala ukutadisha isimo umkhumbi. Rudnev, Okwamanje, waya lesinqumo lapho kubhujiswa lesi impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu futhi ukuhunyushwa nethimba lakhe emikhunjini hlangothi. Akubona bonke izikhulu asekelwe isinqumo Rudnev, kodwa kamuva amahora amabili ithimba waxoshelwa. "Varyag" wanquma ukucwila, ukuyivula ikhiye. Izidumbu zabantu abangu-amatilosi efile ngesikhathi esifanayo ushiye impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu.

Isikebhe "Korean", kwanqunywa ukuba kuqhunyiswa, batakulana phambi lo myalo. Zonke izinto kwesokunxele emkhunjini, futhi yashiswa yaba imibhalo eyimfihlo.

Itilosi ezathathwa imikhumbi French, British kanye Italy. Ngemva enifeza zonke izinqubo ezidingekayo baphuthunyiswe Odessa futhi Sevastopol, lapho yahlakazeka ngoxhaxha. Bebangemkhunjini sivumelwano kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba siqhubeke iqhaza ukungqubuzana Russian-Japanese, ngakho abazange babekwe okuvumelekile Pacific Fleet.

Imiphumela empini

I isivumelwano sokuthula, Japan wavumelana uphawu Zinikeleni ephelele eRussia, okuyinto useqalile ukuvukela uMbuso. Ngokusho Portsmunskomu ukuthula sivumelwano (23/08/1905) Russia waphoqeleka ukugcwalisa amaphuzu alandelayo:

1. Nqaba izimangalo ukuze Manchuria.
2. Abandoned esivuna Japan phezu Kuril Islands nengxenye Sakhalin Island.
3. Ukuze aqaphele ilungelo Japan eKorea.
4. Ngokuhamba eJapane ilungelo ukuqasha abantu ePort Arthur.
5. Japan akhokhe lokumiswa ngokuba "nokugcinwa iziboshwa."

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunqotshwa empini kwaba nemiphumela waseRussia negative ngokuya kwezomnotho. Yaqala yokujama tsi kwezinye izimboni ngenxa abolekise zabo ziye zancipha amabhange angaphandle. Abahlala kuleli lizwe, sesinyukele kakhulu. Nezimboni waphikelela ngokuthi esiphethweni okusheshayo yokuthula.

Izwe, ngisho nalabo ekuqaleni asekelwe Japan (US nase-UK), baqaphela indlela izinto ezisindayo isimo eRussia. Impi kumele kumiswe ukuze uqondise wonke amabutho e emzabalazweni kumelwene nombuso revolution, okuyinto esatshwe isimo oqinile ngokulinganayo emhlabeni jikelele.

Waqala ukunyakaza mass phakathi kwezisebenzi kanye amasosha. Isibonelo okuphawuleka kwavukelwa phezu yempi "Potemkin".

Izimbangela nemiphumela neMpi Russian-Japanese ka 1904-1905 waqonda. It uhlala ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi ukulahlekelwa ngendlela eqondwa umuntu. Russia ilahlekelwe 270 yizinkulungwane eziyishumi nesithupha, 50,000 abulawa. ElaseJapane lehlulwa inani elifanayo amasosha, kodwa wabulawa ezingaphezu kuka-80 eziyinkulungwane.

Inani izahlulelo

impi Russian-Japanese zeminyaka 1904-1905, kusho izimbangela kwezomnotho kanye nemvelo zezombusazwe, lukhombise izinkinga ezingathi sína ngaphakathi Empire Russian. Kungokufanayo labhalwa futhi Jikelele Kuropatkin. Impi yembula izinkinga wezempi, ukwakhiwa kwezikhali yayo, umyalo, kanye nokuhluleka ezingxoxweni zezombusazwe.

Japan akazange aneliseke ngokugcwele ngomphumela izingxoxo. Isimo ilahlekelwe kakhulu ekulweni nesitha European. Wayenethemba ukuzuza insimu eyengeziwe, kodwa US esingavunyelwe yayo asekelwe. Ngaphakathi ezweni kunesokuqala sase siqalile ukuvunguza ukunganeliseki, futhi Japan uzoqhubeka dlela militarization.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

impi Russian-Japanese ka 1904-1905, izizathu kubhekwa indlela, ilethe stratagems:

• ukusebenzisa namaphrojektha;
• ukusetshenziswa ngocingo oluhlabayo ngaphansi ukungezwani ophakeme wangaleso sikhathi;
• ikhishi ensimini;
• Wireless okokuqala bavunyelwe ukuqondisa umkhumbi ebangeni;
• kwathatha ugqugquzela uwoyela, okungadingi ukukhiqiza intuthu futhi ekwenzeni imikhumbi engaphansi ebonakalayo;
• ukubukeka imikhumbi - izingqimba okwami, eyayibonakala enziwe ekwandeni ezimayini;
• flamethrowers.

Enye yezimpi nobuqhawe we ilwa neJapane impi impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Varyag" ngesikhathi Chemulpo (1904). Njengoba umkhumbi "Korean" beya i isigaba sonke lesitha. Le mpi ngokusobala elahlekile, kodwa amatilosi namanje wenza umzamo ukuze ifohle iye. It akuphumelelanga, futhi ukuze sokunikela, amatilosi eholwa Rudnev Ngishoné umkhumbi wakhe. Ukuze isibindi futhi ubuqhawe, lakhethwa kutuswe uNicholas II. I-Japanese kuthiwa wammangaza kakhulu umlingisi nokuqinisela Rudnev kanye amatilosi bakhe ukuthi ngo-1907 waklonyeliswa kuye Order of the Sun. Rising Ukaputeni we-impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu lushone amukela le ndondo, kodwa kwakungakaze wagqoka.

Kukhona theory owawuthi Japanese umaluju Stoessel ePort Arthur ngemali ethile. Ngokwazi le nguqulo lilungile, isheke akunakwenzeka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, ngenxa yesenzo umkhankaso wakhe wawuzofekela. Ngalesi jikelele kwaba utholakala enecala wagwetshwa iminyaka engu-10 e inqaba, kodwa ushwele ngemva konyaka ekuthunjweni. Wayelethwa bancishwa zonke iziqu kanye nemiklomelo, kokushiya impesheni.