Inja zohlobo eye umkhankaso ku-orbit futhi izizathu lokhu kukhetha

Ngo-1957, ngemva kwenyanga ukwethulwa ku emzileni satellite lokuqala yokufakelwa emkhathini landizela Uyisidalwa sokuqala ophilayo kule mbulunga enguMhlaba. Kwaba isilwane, isilwane esincelisayo, inja. Igama lakhe pretty ukusungulwa Laika.

Laykina Slava

Isilwane ngokushesha eyaduma futhi ubhedu emhlabeni wonke, inkazimulo Laiki angase awufise abaculi abadume kakhulu, abaculi jazz, izinkanyezi rock 'n' roll nabagijimi, ingasaphathwa nabezombusazwe. I ngaso kuphazamiseke injongo nenjabulo phezu impumelelo kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe esilandelayo engu isikhala, ukufa inja. Ngemva kokuhlala izinyanga eziyisithupha ku-orbit, ethwele linemibhikisho ayizinkulungwane ezimbili emhlabeni iplanethi, satellite kwaqothuka emkhathini. Iyiphi intuthuko akuhileli nje kuphela inkazimulo amaphayona, futhi kudingeka ukuzidela.

On umbuzo yini ukuzalela inja wafakwa orbit, ukuze anikeze impendulo ecacile, akekho owakwazi. Laika kwaba "noblewoman", ngamanye amazwi, a mongrel elula. Kungani kwenzeka ngayo impela indlela Kwatholakala.

indiza Izehlakalo zangaphambilini

Ucwaningo umphumela izici ezihlukahlukene ezihambisana khona izidalwa esikhaleni eduze-Earth, olwenziwa kusukela 1951. Dezik futhi amaGypsy babengamaphayona phakathi Earthlings, babengaba namathuba ekhuphukela eziphakeme esemkhathini (100 km) e capsule bavimba imigwaqo, kodwa isikhala indiza yabo ayikwazanga ngokuthi, nakuba rocket, waphakamisa kubo, kwaba okufanayo njengoba R-7, lapho kamuva owaya nezinye zezinkanyezi emkhathini. bafika-orbit, kodwa Ukhulelwe. Kodwa kusukela suborbital bakhe ukuthi "gxuma" dezikom futhi Roma wabuyela ngokuphila.

Belka futhi Strelka

Ngemva uchungechunge efanayo ekuqaleni abantu abadala kwaba kufika ithuba lika-indiza emkhathini. Inja kuqala isikhala, Laika, wafa, kodwa ososayensi Soviet banenkinga elandelayo yaxazululeka. Kufanele andise kunobukhulu bendawo Inkokhelo futhi ukuqinisekisa ukubuya Earth.

Ukukhuluphala kabili njengoba isibalo "abagibeli". Belka futhi Strelka, njengoba amaphayona ayebizwa kanjalo, futhi nabo babe mongrels. Zhaklin Kennedi, enikwa NS isipho Khrushchev sika engavamile, ngisho ebuzwa ukuthi yini zohlobo inja wafakwa orbit kulesi sikhathi. umama puppy sika kwaba umcibisholo edume zafinyelela emkhathini, futhi leli qiniso kwenza esingenantengo samanje.

Nigella futhi lwenkanyezi

Coming sekuseduze ukuba zixazulule le nkinga ye kokuqala Cosmonaut lokuqala, ososayensi etshalwe lokubikezela umkhumbi wakhe "isakhiwo", ie dummy ifakwe izinzwa eziningi. Le nkampani "Ivan Ivanovich" (njengoba wethiwa ngo Baikonur) eneminyaka emine-ezinemilenze umngane yomuntu. Esikhathini esingaphansi kwenyanga ngaphambi kwendiza Gagarin, le "umbhangqwana" ukundiza emkhathini futhi wabuyela ngokuphila. Nalapha futhi, ayikho imibiko zohlobo inja eye umkhankaso ku-orbit, isidlaliso sakhe kuphela, Nigella, laziwa obala. Ngokushesha ngaba nokuzethemba impumelelo lesi silingo liphindwe. Asterisk waqinisekisa etholakalayo kusho ukuthi kulungile.

Ngakho kungani zonke mutts?

Manje ithuba labantu umbelesele isikhala. Futhi sekuyisikhathi ukuchaza ukuthi zohlobo inja wafakwa orbit izikhathi zokuqala futhi okwalandela, futhi kungani.

Impendulo kwaba emangalisayo elula. Onjiniyela we umkhakha isikhala lapho "umgibeli" uholwe nezimfanelo zayo njengempilo enhle, ukucindezeleka, ehlakaniphile, futhi okuhle, uhlamvu friendly. Phela, lo Abashayeli bamabhanoyi bathweswe ukubuthwa cishe nenqubo eliyisisekelo elifanayo ngokuba ihlukane zezinkanyezi.

Kwakukhona yobudala (eneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-6). Isisindo akufanele bube ngaphezu kuka-6 kg. Umbala ayethanda ulula, kungenziwa namabala i empumulweni isilwane (ngisho isisho sakhe) kwaba ngokucacile ebonakalayo esikrinini ithelevishini.

Ngemva Ukukhetha eside futhi ngokucophelela ukuqeqeshwa sikhethwe inja yokuqala. Emkhathini, ngavakashela Laika, uye ngempumelelo kudlule konke ukuhlolwa okwenziwayo, okubonisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu.