Lomhlangano ukudweba. Funda inhlangano imidwebo

Noma iyiphi idivayisi ye-elektroniki, yasendlini lisebenze, ifenisha, ngisho emakhaya ethu zenziwa ngesisekelo imidwebo zavela ngokukhethekile. Lapho amalunga ngabanye ethathelwe kuqala, bese ukuhlangana la izingxenye okubonisa indlela lokukhuphula kanye Positioning kubo isihlobo komunye nomunye. Abantu abasebenza inhlangano imikhiqizo, kufanele ukwazi ukufunda amapulani, ngoba ukukhonza njengephayona uhlobo Umhlahlandlela sendlela ukuqoqa umklami we izinhlelo, kanye nalokho okubalulekile futhi yini indlela ukwenza imininingwane edingekayo.

imiqondo eyisisekelo

Igama elithi "inhlangano Umdwebo" kusho incwadi i-engineering, elibonisa iyunithi ebalulekile nge wokwehla Ubukhulu obudingekayo futhi nezimfuneko zokusebenza ezidingekile ukukhiqizwa yayo, nokulawula izinga. Lokhu Umdwebo senziwa ukuthuthukiswa kumbhalo womkhiqizo. Kumelwe unike isithombe esiphelele endaweni yokuhlangana indawo iyunithi umkhiqizo osuphelile ngenhlonipho kwezinye izingxenye. Lomhlangano umdwebo wenziwa ezimfunekweni GOST 2.102-68 "Amafomu imibhalo design ephelele".

Umniningwane - umkhiqizo eyenziwe efanayo izidingo ESKD impahla kanye ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa inhlangano imisebenzi.

imininingwane Ukudweba - Umklami dokhumenti, okuyinto has imininingwane isithombe, bonke ubukhulu kwesokudla ukwenza, futhi nezidingo zobuchwepheshe enqunyiwe, futhi uma kudingeka, enamathela yayo.

Yini okufanele hlangana ukugwala

Noma yimuphi izingxenye umhlangano umdwebo kufanele ufake okulandelayo:

- kangakanani ucezu umhlangano siphelile umkhiqizo isihlobo kwezinye izakhi;

- indlela okunamathiselwe kwenzeka phakathi izingxenye;

- Ubukhulu - azobonakala onjani ubude, ububanzi nobude kumele kube umkhiqizo;

- obandayo Ubukhulu - ukukhombisa Ubukhulu main lwazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo ukuze ukufakwa umkhiqizo;

- yokuxhuma Ubukhulu - ikhombisa ubukhulu amaphuzu ngokuqondene nezinye izingxenye noma inhlangano amayunithi;

- inkomba Ubukhulu - kukhonjisiwe Umdwebo iziqondiso (ejwayelekile ngentambo osayizi, amantongomane, amabhawodi, ngezikulufo, njll ...);

- esiphezulu ukuphambuka kuvunyelwe ekukhiqizeni, okuyinto oyokwenziwa ukulawula izinga lomkhiqizo;

- esebenzisa indlela yokuphepha izingxenye nomunye, ukuze ucacise konke zezakhi futhi izindlela zabo zokubumba kokusebenza;

- isikhundla ingxenye ngayinye ebandleni, eyenziwe esifakiwe;

- ngesilinganiso kwakhiwa okuyinto e umdwebo;

- nenqwaba umkhiqizo.

Imithetho eyisisekelo ngokuba ukuqaliswa inhlangano imidwebo

Ukubulawa inhlangano umdwebo ezenziwe ngokuhambisana nezidingo GOST 2.109-73. Uma ufuna uqoke ujikelezisa noma izingxenye umkhiqizo ezihambayo, it ovunyelwe ubabonise noma njengendlela yokugcina noma esesikhundleni Lesisemkhatsini. Kulokhu, kuzomele ucacise usayizi edingekayo. Uma umdwebo Ukufundwa inhlangano kuba nzima, ezinye show kuvunyelwe eceleni ngokwenza nesignesha ezidingekayo ekhombisa izikhundla.

Lapho isigaba noma izigaba kuzingxenye efanayo kufanele silondoloze emthambekeni efanayo emgqeni futhi ibanga elibahlukanisile ekwenzeni Ukufiphaza.

Uma imbobo senziwa isendaweni ngokujoyina izingxenye ezimbili ezihlukene, esigabeni ukuchamisela esikhundleni ngamunye wabo sisetshenziswa bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene noma nge amabanga ehlukene phakathi kwemigqa ezintweni ezingafanele.

Uma kudingeka, umdwebo ubonisa maholoholo ukuphambuka okuvumelekile kuyinsakavukela kunoma iyiphi imininingwane eqondile noma izimbobo. Futhi, kukhona ngetincenye ejwayelekile, okungakwazi ukukhulula imidwebo ngabanye, kodwa bantule ulwazi olufanele bona ezibekwe phezu umdwebo inhlangano.

Uma sihlanganisa ezingxenyeni ezihlukene kufanele ngezincwadi kufaneleka noma ezifanayo, isignesha okuhambisanayo wenza.

Qaphela isikhundla izingxenye

Zonke izingxenye amayunithi wabalula ngu inhlangano ngokuhambisana GOST 2.109-73.

ingxenye ngayinye, kanye izinto zokwakha, umkhiqizo ejwayelekile kufanele abe inombolo yayo ye-serial, okuyinto eliyifa lawo ekulungiseleleni ukucaciswa umdwebo inhlangano.

Zonke izikhundla umdwebo akhonjiswa callouts-imigqa, aphethwe behlukile ingxenye ngayinye noma impahla. Ukuphela umugqa, esisogwini kakhulu isithombe ngokuningiliziwe, sikhula iphuzu. Umugqa uqobo futhi eshalofini--callout kudwetshwe nge umugqa okuqhubekayo mncane. On the izikhundla core kucacisiwe ku zonke izingxenye ebonakalayo. Tikhundla izingxenye ezingabonakali wabonisa ngezinhlobo zezilwane eyengeziwe noma ukusikeka.

Imibhalo Eqoshiwe izikhundla kwenziwa parallel mayelana block isihloko ebhokisini umdvwebo. Isikhundla kumele eziphoqelelwe for izingxenye wesifunda, baba angaqoqwa.

Uma into efanayo elikhona emhlanganweni umdwebo izikhathi eziningana, isikhundla salo senziwa kanye kuphela, kubakaki eduze kwenani kubonisa kaningi kangakanani iyaphindwa umdwebo.

Izinombolo nto kumele bucaciswe ifonti, okuyinto 2 osayizi kunangendlela e ezibekiweko kanye uzimele.

Empambana emigqeni e wokugubha izikhundla abavunyelwe futhi akufanele kube isiqondiso efanayo line dweba bona.

Lula kanye nezimpawu e imidwebo

Buciko i Umdwebo inhlangano, ungasebenzisa isiqu evumelekile kanye yokuncishiswa.

Esikhathini imidwebo, ungeqa wotho inkatho, umucu, ziboya esihle, ayimigodi, nokunye. E., Kanye ezinye izikhala, uma ezincane.

Uma umdwebo kuyadingeka wokuveza ezingxenyeni umkhiqizo ukuthi avalwa ngesivalo noma ichopho, mithandazo kufanele ukuba ngikubonise. Futhi engeza oqoshiwe mayelana nemininingwane yalokho isikhundla ayiboniswa.

Uma fike futhi the fana ingxenye ingxenye (isondo eziveza) isetshenziswa izikhathi eziningana sihloko, it ovunyelwe ukukhombisa isithombe kanye kuphela.

nokunamathisela ngomthofu, gluing noma Welding kungase kuboniswe njengoba surface iyunifomu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo agcinwayo imingcele ephakathi izigaba izingxenye ezahlukene.

Futhi, ngokuhambisana GOST 2.315-68 izingxenye iziqobosho ziboniswa lula.

sebhithi

Lokhu imibhalo design, okuyinto sinquma ukwakheka egcwele umkhiqizo inhlangano ngokuhambisana GOST 2.108-68. Le dokhumenti ukwenziwa ifomethi A4 ngokuhlukile Yakha ngamunye. Kuye njalo ngesineke zonke izingxenye zenhlangano iyunithi. Ngokusekelwe esimweni jikelele, incazelo yakhiwa ngokulandelana izigaba ezilandelayo: imibhalo, izingxenye, izingxenye, imikhiqizo ejwayelekile, neminye imikhiqizo, izinto zokwakha kanye izingxenye.

Akukhona ngempela phambi kwabo bonke izigaba e sebhithi ngamunye. Uma abathile bekuthola egcwele, it is nje engamiswanga. Igama kwesigaba kulotshiwe, ukweqa imigqa emibili yerekhodi lokugcina langaphambilini, phakathi ikholomu - igama, wagcizelela mncane umugqa oqondile.

Izihloko zilotshiwe alfabhethi. Inqubo ye-izikhundla kuyinto engxenyeni yokuqala lonke idokhumenti. Futhi kukholamu efanele kubonisa GOST noma ehlukile ingxenye kanye nenombolo yabo ebandleni.

Kulandzelana kwalokucuketfwe lokuhleliwe ukukhishwa inhlangano imidwebo

Lomhlangano Umdwebo is wawenziwa kakade nge umkhiqizo osuphelile, noma okokuqala yenza indaba emfushane e imininingwane izinhlelo ezifana SolidWorks, Kompas 3D, bese kuphela zona ngokwazo wadala imidwebo.

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale Umdwebo, kumele:

- uhlole imininingwane, umkhiqizo isimiso futhi inhloso yalo;

- ukukhomba, kulokho oda kuyoba ukuhlangana umkhiqizo osuphelile;

- bahlelekela uhlelo ukuhlonza zonke izingxenye;

- ukwenza imidwebo ukuze zonke izingxenye zawo kufakwe inhlangano (kwasinda ejwayelekile kuphela), qiniseka ukuthi zonke izingxenye yayidingeka womshini osayizi kanye ecacisiwe ukucutshungulwa evele, maholoholo ;

- ukuze ukhethe isithombe kakhulu ulwazi endaweni ku umdwebo, ukwenza inombolo okungenani izinhlobo ezengeziwe kanye nezimboni;

- esekelwe usayizi wesithombe akhethiwe, inombolo yokubukwa nezigaba, ukhetha uzinga usayizi format;

- ukugcwalisa Uhlaka umdvwebo;

- ukwenza uphawu zonke izithombe, hlola umsebenzi;

- kubangele bonke osayizi, izikhundla, ngokwezindlu zooyise, ukungena ngemvume zonke izinhlobo sebeziqhumbuza;

- bhala Ukucaciswa womshini izingxenye on the Umdwebo;

- ugcwalise esifakiwe.

Ngaphasi lapha ziimbonelo zemihlobo elula inhlangano imidwebo.

Kanjani ukufunda umhlangano imidwebo

Funda inhlangano imidwebo kusho ngawodwana, okokuqala kunakho konke, ukuhlolisisa owandulelayo ulwazi mayelana isakhiwo umkhiqizo futhi kusebenza kanjani.

Lapho ufunda imidwebo kudingeka:

- ukuqonda ukusebenza futhi lowo mkhiqizo senzelwe, ngesisekelo amalebuli angaphakathi idokhumenti;

- ukunquma ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye umkhiqizo incazelo;

- ukuthola, yini edingekayo into ngayinye ngabanye, izici bayo uma buqhathaniswa nezinye izakhi welungiselelo kanye nokusebenza;

- ukunquma kulokho oda izonikwa kwazo futhi ukuhlangana imikhiqizo (funda block Isihloko uzimele, okuqukethwe ukudweba kanye nezici zayo, ulwazi ukuhlanganisa ku sebhithi kanye umdwebo);

- funda incazelo umkhiqizo osuphelile noma analog yayo;

- ukuthola indlela lapho izingxenye ngabanye anamekwe nomunye.

Detalirovanie ifomu elivamile imidwebo

Detalirovanie inhlangano umdwebo - kuba impela umsebenzi onzima futhi kanzima. Nge kuphela umhlangano jikelele izingxenye, kubalulekile ngesisekelo imidwebo Ukucaciswa ukwenza imidwebo yonke imininingwane, bese ukhetha i-engeli ofanele kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwazo futhi ekusebenziseni zonke Ubukhulu ezidingekayo futhi izichasiselo.

Yini Usayizi kuyoba into ehlukile, funda, kusekelwe kulesi silinganiso ingqikithi umdwebo futhi ubukhulu ingxenye kuso. Ubukhulu izingxenye ejwayelekile ethathwe incwadi ezindinganisweni hhayi ekusondeleni idatha.

Enemininingwane umdwebo inhlangano ngokuvamile unezigaba ezintathu:

- Ukufundwa zenhlangano umdvwebo, nombono jikelele;

- ukuzimisela izinhlobo izingxenye ngabanye;

- ukudweba yonke imininingwane.