Umsebenzi begodu nesakhiwo nephron

Nephron akuyona kuphela isakhiwo esikhulu kodwa futhi obusebenzayo iyunithi kwezinso. Kukulo muzi lapho kukhona izigaba ebaluleke kakhulu ukwakheka umchamo. Ngakho-ke, ulwazi libukeka isakhiwo se-nephron, futhi yini isebenta ke wenza, kuyoba mnandi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimfanelo ukusebenza nephrons kungaba ukucacisa ezicashile uhlelo kwezinso

Isakhiwo nephron: corpuscle kwezinso

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kuyi-izinso elivuthiwe Umuntu ophilile udinga phakathi kuka 1 no 1.3 billion nephrons. Nephron - iyunithi tekusebentisa isakhi izinso, esakhiwa corpuscles kwezinso nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi iluphu of Henle.

Ngokusobala corpuscle kwezinso siqukethe glomerulus Malpighian futhi capsule Bowman sika - Shymlanskaya. Okokuqala kuyafaneleka ukuthi ibhola empeleni iqoqo capillary encane. Igazi uthola ngokusebenzisa Umthambo lapha prinosnuyu - kuhlungwa plasma. Balance igazi etholakala arteriole efferent.

I capsule ka Bowman - Shymlanskaya siqukethe amashidi ezimbili - zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Futhi uma ishidi yangaphandle kuyinto Indwangu ajwayelekile epithelium squamous, isakhiwo ishidi kwangaphakathi ufanelwe ukuqashelwa. Ingxenye engaphakathi capsule kuyinto podocytes ezimboziwe - namangqamuzana ukuthi sifeze indima yesihlungi ezengeziwe. Baphuthelwa glucose, amino acid kanye nezinye izinto, kodwa ukuvimbela ukunyakaza zishintshe enkulu amaprotheni. Ngakho, ngo-corpuscle kwezinso kwakhiwa umchamo okuyinto lihlukile plasma kuphela ukungabi zishintshe ezinkulu.

Nephron: nokwakheka tubule proximal kanye iluphu of Henle

tubule proximal liyinkampani okuyinto lebhokisi corpuscle kwezinso futhi iluphu of Henle. Ngaphakathi tubule has villi, okuyinto ukwandisa endaweni ingqikithi mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi yangaphakathi, ngaleyo ndlela kwande ukusebenza kabusha ukumuncwa.

tubule proximal ngokushelela ku ingxenye ezansi iluphu of Henle, esibonakala by ubukhulu ezincane. Lo mjikelezo lehliselwa singene medulla lapho egoba emhlabeni axis awo siqu by 180 degrees kanye esinyuka - lapha uqala sinyuka ingxenye iluphu Henle sika, okuyinto has a olukhudlwana futhi, ngokufanelekile, ububanzi. iluphu Rising elele cishe ezingeni glomerulus.

Isakhiwo nephron: i tubules distal

Ingxenye ekuphumeni iluphu of Henle e cortex engena okuthiwa distal tubule convoluted. Efika mbeni ibhola nabo prinosnoy bangaphandle arteriole. Kukhona wenza ukumuncwa ezilinganiselwe izakhamzimba. tubule Distal sihamba esigabeni yokugcina nephron, nakho agelezela tube ukubuthwa, uketshezi othwala ukhalo kwezinso.

Ukwahlukaniswa nephrons

Kuye indawo ihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu oyinhloko nephrons:

• nephrons cortical bakha angaba ngu-85% wezindleko yazo zonke amayunithi ezihlelekile izinso. Njengomthetho, ukuthi akuphi ku cortex yangaphandle kwezinso, okuyinto, eqinisweni, njengoba kufakazelwa igama labo. Nephron isakhiwo yalolu hlobo kuhlukile kancane - loop of Henle incane;
• nephrons juxtamedullary - izakhiwo ezinjalo aphakathi nje ngobuchopho ungqimba cortical, babe iluphu omude Henle ukuthi zingene shí the medulla, ngezinye izikhathi ukufinyelela imibhoshongo;
• nephrons subcapsular - isakhiwo, okuyinto ahlelwe ngokuqondile ngaphansi capsule.

Kungaphawulwa ukuthi isakhiwo se-nephron okuhambisana ngokugcwele umsebenzi wawo.