Emoyeni Liquid - ngesisekelo ekukhiqizeni umoya-mpilo okumsulwa

Njengoba zonke amagesi ube uthi eziningana wokuhlanganisa, futhi kungenziwa kuncibilike, emoyeni, ehlanganisa ingxube gas kungaba futhi uketshezi. Ngokuyinhloko ukukhiqiza umoya ketshezi ngokuhlukana therefrom umoya-mpilo okumsulwa, nitrogen ne argon.

Umlando omncane

Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-19, ososayensi babekholelwa ukuthi igesi isimo ngokomzimba kuphela, kodwa ukuletha emoyeni esimweni liquid wafunda ekuqaleni kwekhulu elidlule. Lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa umshini Linde, izingxenye eyinhloko okwakukhona kulo compressor (motor, unikezwe futha) kanye umzimba ukushisa, olukhonjiswa njengedifolthi ngemibhobho emibili iphuma endaweni Kuvunguza, omunye esiqhutshwa ngaphakathi kwezinye. Uphiko wesithathu isakhiwo kwaba thermos, uya ngaphakathi igesi kuncibilike. izingxenye Machine zambozwa nangokuvikela izinto ukuze uvimbele ukufinyelela igesi ekushiseni ngaphandle. Etholakala eduze komlomo tube kwangaphakathi inqanyulwa endaweni binda.

umsebenzi igesi

Ubuchwepheshe ngokukhiqiza emoyeni ketshezi ulula. Okokuqala, ingxube gas usehlanziwe uthuli, izinhlayiya amanzi, kanye carbon dioxide. Kunenye eqakathekileko, ngaphandle okuyinto uyoveza emoyeni uketshezi - ingcindezi. Esebenzisa compressor emoyeni onomfutho ukuze 200-250 atm, kanti ukupholisa ngamanzi. Khona-ke umoya sidlula kuqala ukushisa, bese ihlukaniswe ukusakaza ezimbili, enkulu elisezweni olwandisa. Le nkulumo ibhekisela umshini piston, elisebenza ukhulisa igesi. Ishintsha amandla ezingaba ku mechanical, futhi igesi selehlile ngoba lisebenza ukusebenza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umoya, ukugeza umzimba ukushisa ezimbili futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukupholisa ukugeleza yesibili ukuya phambili, uyaphuma bese eqoqwe thermos.

turboexpander

Naphezu alula sobala, ukusetshenziswa olwandisa akunakwenzeka ngezinga ezimbonini. Etholwe nobunzima igesi ngokusebenzisa tube mncane ibiza kakhulu, akwanele ukuthola ngempumelelo namandla ukudliwa ngakhoke ingamukeleki embonini. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule kwaba umbuzo lula ukukhiqizwa ingulube yensimbi, futhi le njongo kwahlongozwa ukwenza ohlabayo aphume emoyeni nge wokuqukethwe eliphezulu umoya-mpilo. Ngakho kwaba khona umbuzo mayelana ukukhiqizwa kwezentengiselwano yokugcina.

I olwandisa piston avimbekile ngokushesha ngamanzi ice, ngakho umoya kuyadingeka ukuze pre-ezomile, okuyinto eyenza inqubo kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuyabiza. Yasiza ukuxazulula inkinga ukuthuthukiswa kwe-olwandisa Turbo isetshenziselwa esikhundleni samanzi piston. Kamuva Turbo wegazi ziye zasetshenziswa ngesikhathi ukulungiselela kanye nezinye amagesi.

isicelo

emoyeni Liquid ngokwayo wedwa alisetshenziswa, lo mkhiqizo Lesisemkhatsini ukuthola amagesi okumsulwa.

izingxenye ngabodwa isimiso kusekelwe umehluko izingxenye ingxube abilayo:-mpilo amathumba at -183 ° nitrogen at -196 °. lokushisa air ketshezi ingezansi degrees engamakhulu amabili, amalahle, kungenzeka ukukhiqiza ngokuhlukana.

Lapho ketshezi uqala kancane shabalala emoyeni, nitrogen iyasha lokuqala, futhi ngemva kokuba ayahwamuka ingxenye eyinhloko, ezingeni lokushisa -183 °-mpilo abilayo. Iqiniso liwukuthi lapho nitrogen uhlala ingxube, ngeke siqhubeke nokushisa, ngisho nalapho esebenzisa heater ezengeziwe, kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho iningi nitrogen ngeke shabalala, ingxube yasheshe befikile lokushisa abilayo ingxenye ingxube, isb-mpilo elandelayo.

nokuhlanzwa

Nokho ngale ndlela kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukuthola umoya-mpilo okumsulwa kanye nitrogen in umsebenzi olulodwa. Umoya esimweni liquid kuya ziphuzo zazihluzwa isinyathelo sokuqala siqukethe Nokho, cishe 78% i-nitrogen ne-21% oksijini, ama-phambidlana inqubo kanye ezincane liquid nitrogen uhlala ngaphezulu nalo ngeke shabalala nomoya-mpilo. Lapho emakamu nitrogen ketshezi lehla ku-50%, okuqukethwe oxygen umusi luyanda 20%. Ngakho-ke, i-gas ayahwamuka ukuthi wafingqa waphinda futhi equliswa ziphuzo zazihluzwa okwesibili. Kukhula distillations, le sobala kuyoba imikhiqizo okuholela.

Ngo umkhakha

Ukuhwamuka futhi ukufingqa - izinqubo amathonya amabili aphikisanayo. Uketshezi lokuqala kumelwe uchithe ukushisa, kanti ngesikhathi sesibili - ukushisa bayokhululwa. Uma kungekho ukulahlekelwa ukushisa, ukushisa akhululwa futhi ugxile phakathi kwale nqubo kanye. Ngakho ivolumu oxygen olujiyile kuyinto kakhulu ilingana ivolumu nitrogen ayahwamuka. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ziphuzo zazihluzwa. A ingxube amagesi ezimbili kwakhiwa ngenxa ukuhwamuka air ketshezi futhi sidlula, futhi ezinye oxygen ludlulele ngaphakathi lo condensate, ngaleyo ndlela enikeza ukushisa, ngaleyo ndlela ukuze shabalala ezinye nitrogen. Inqubo iyaphindwa sebuningini izikhathi.

Industrial ukulungiselela nitrogen ne-oxygen kwenzeka okuthiwa ukulungiswa kwananoma amakholomu.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Lapho contact nge-oxygen ketshezi izinto eziningi ube buthakathaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uketshezi-mpilo - Nokho, i-oxidant enamandla, ukushaya ke, izinto eziphilayo bashise, ukukhulula ukushisa kakhulu. Lapho bakhulelisa-mpilo ketshezi ezinye zalezi izinto abe ongalawuleki izakhiwo alufakwa. Lokhu kuziphatha nobuntu imikhiqizo uwoyela, okuhlanganisa asphalt ezivamile.