AbaQaphi Bombusi: incazelo, izici, umlando ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Bombusi, wazalwa eminyakeni weRiphabhulikhi futhi ivunyelwe ngaphansi koMbuso, kamuva waba nendima enkulu zezombusazwe. Nge abaQaphi Bombusi esinamandla ngisho ababusi kusukela engadingeki bangakwazi shift, futhi abanye amandla ukuthatha isihlalo sobukhosi, ngokusemthethweni asele onogada ababusi kanye abameleli.

ukuvela

Ngokusemthethweni, umsunguli we nezincelebana lokuqala Bombusi August. Nguye owadala ezifana ukwakheka lokuqala lezempi. Nokho, ngisho nalapho uhlelo republic esase sikhona kakade amayunithi ezinjalo. Okuvamile uzungezwe amasosha wasondela, abangani bami freedmen, ababe konogada ukusekela izibalo ezinkulu lempi. Azizange ethunyelwe aqala ukunqoba ephindelela elikude, njalo wahlala naye ngokuthi "nkosi."

Kufanele ukuthi abaQaphi Bombusi kwamiswa ikakhulu izinsizwa isimo okusezingeni eliphezulu nomphakathi. Abantu abaningi bangathanda ukuba babe yingxenye yeqembu labantu. Kungani? Ngenxa kufakwe kumiswa ezinjalo izinsizwa babevame njalo ngaphansi kokubusa, banayo ukufinyelela Trophies abacebe, ngaphezu, inkonzo yabo yayingaxhomekile olunzima njengolukaJobe we legionaries. Okunye futhi okubaluleke ngokufanayo iqiniso udlala ukukhula umsebenzi okusheshayo.

AbaQaphi Bombusi at Augusta

Awugustu wadala amayunithi Bombusi kuphela njengoba kube nokulingana ukuze amabutho komngcele, futhi zafakwa wonke amagumbi e-Italy. Enhloko-dolobha, kwakukhona 3 kuphela emaqenjini. Sekukonke, ngesikhathi sakhe 9 kweqoqo ababebalelwa abantu 4,500 zadalwa. Ngesikhathi inhloko ngayinye kwaba nemantshi Bombusi.

Ngaphansi Awugustu isibalo amasosha isigaba ngasinye ezifana enezisebenzi 500 esikhathini esizayo, lesi sibalo selikhule wafinyelela 1000, futhi mhlawumbe ngisho 1500 kuya ekuqaleni III ekhulwini BC. e.

Awugustu ngokwakhe akabonaze bagxila eRoma ezingaphezu kwezintathu nezincelebana ebutho labaQaphi Bombusi. Ngemva Awugustu, ngaphansi kukaTiberiyu, wonke Bombusi, kwakukhona 14 nezincelebana, yayisesigodini inhlokodolobha ngaphansi umkhuzi olulodwa. Kwaba amandla amakhulu.

Amalungelo kanye izici Bombusi

Ngokungafani aseRoma owayekhonze engu-25, i-AbaQaphi Bombusi babeboshwe enkonzweni iminyaka engu-16. Nokho, amaholo abo nge-avareji ka-330% kwaba kunakunoma abadlali angaphandle abangekho emikhankasweni unomphela futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngaphansi kwezimo okungabekezeleleki. AbaQaphi Bombusi kwadingeka ukuba ukhokhe imali ezinhle ezinhlwini zabo kwavela inkonzo ukungeneliseki okungase kuholele ukuvukela uMbuso.

AbaQaphi Bombusi bayanqikaza ukuthumela emikhankasweni ezempi kanye beye bahileleka ezinhlekeleleni lolu ezingavamile kakhulu. Kodwa lelo cebo bangumuntu lokuqala, futhi wahlanganyela ngenkuthalo kwabo ezinsukwini yombuso.

Iqembu lamasosha lalinabashumayeli imigqa abakhileyo Italy kanye izifundazwe ezingomakhelwane Sekuyisikhathi eside subordinated eRoma. Yabasha ephakeme kakhulu amaqhawe onekhono waqoqa abaQaphi Bombusi. Umlando namanje ushintshe oda yokuqala setha abaQaphi Bombusi. Nakulokhu futhi bazama ukususa umbusi Septimius Severus kwabo bonke abaQaphi Bombusi yahlakazeka yazuza abasha, kodwa phakathi kwamabutho Danubian, ababekwa enikelwe.

Phakathi ekwenzeni imisebenzi yabo abaQaphi Bombusi lembethe Toga, izingubo kubhekwe izikhulu abacebile. Nezincelebana phezu amabhanela esibonisa eni of the umbusi, umndeni wakhe, futhi amagama izimpi ophela mhla zingama-ukunqoba yoMbusi.

Duty main

Bombusi waseRoma kubhekwa wemfanelo oyinhloko wokuvikela umbusi kanye nomkhaya wakhe. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ngaphezu nezincelebana ebutho labaQaphi Bombusi, t. E. Imininingwane, kwaba ihlukane ehlukile, ezingaphelelwa isikhathi nemantshi Bombusi, futhi ngqo ongaphansi kumbusi. Lawa kwakungamadodana onogada siqu kombusi, eyayihlanganisa yizikhonzi, abangane, amaqhawe ezidumile, kanye ingxenye nalawo agibela amahhashi. Njengoba sekunama-umbusi omusha wase-ukubunjwa leli qembu ishintshile. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-August-ke kwakhiwa kusukela Jalimane, lapho Yuliyah-Claudian kusukela eBatavia kwakhiwa Bombusi.

Onogada Siqu kombusi babe kuwumgogodla yakhe. Kufikwe kithi idatha inombolo ihlukane ekhethekile. Lalinama amasosha 1,000 kanye nomholi wawo ngokuthi chiliarch, okusho ukuthi "ukulwa eyinkulungwane." Phakathi khona yabalindi, kuze 312 BC. e., kwaba noshintsho njalo ukubunjwa yabo. Lokhu kungase ziveza ithonya elithile phezulu inqubomgomo yabo esikhathini esithile emlandweni, noma imithwalo yemfanelo ku ezengeziwe kubo njengoba amasosha.

Okunye imisebenzi: amabutho yangaphakathi

Kumele kuthiwe uMbuso WaseRoma ngesikhathi ekuthuthukiseni zomlando azange abe amasosha yangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, i-nezincelebana Bombusi wakhonza njengephayona abavikeli of insimu yalo. Futhi uma wonke Empire, ngokunembile ezifundazweni, atholiwe amabutho aseRoma, obhekene ukuvikelwa, ukuthula nokuzinza lezifunda ezithile e-Italy i-force anjalo wayengekho.

Empeleni, e-Italy wasala engasenabo Ukuvikelwa. Futhi ukudala at Augusta AbaQaphi Bombusi abadlale indima amabutho yangaphakathi. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, e- emadolobheni Italian nasemizaneni atheleka lomphangi ezindaweni eziqhelelene, ukulwa duty ukuthi yanikezwa nezincelebana Bombusi.

amasevisi amaphoyisa

Umsebenzi isikhathi eside kubaphangi akazange enze abaQaphi Bombusi, t. Ukuze. Ngokushesha bonke nezincelebana yabo bayiswa eRoma. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube eziyisisekelo emsebenzini uMbusi ukuzivikela ngaphandle abaphangi ekulweni kunezelwa nabanye. AbaQaphi Bombusi, kweqoqo zasemadolobheni kanye Vigilius wabukela oda yangaphakathi kuleli dolobha, futhi babematasa lokulwa imililo.

Mayelana wobuphoyisa, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi eRoma usuvele BC II leminyaka. e. kwaba muzi omkhulu, kukhona 1.5 million izakhamuzi. Kukulo muzi omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni, ubani wahlala ekhulwini angaphezu kwelilodwa. By the way, labantu eRoma yesimanje kabili 2 nje - 3 million abantu. Kwakudlangile, ubugebengu, ukubulala, ukweba babe evamile eRoma.

Inani elikhulu of ezizungezile amnyama nomthelela ekwandeni kobugebengu. Njalo ekuseni, kwafumaniseka ukuthi babe yizinkulungwane iminonjana ubugebengu ngesimo zazishintsha zaba nemizimba nezakhamuzi ezicebile. isimo Criminal ukhathazekile kakhulu njengoba uMbusi, kanye izakhamuzi ezivamile waseRoma. Ngakho-ke, akumangalisi ukuthi abaQaphi Bombusi wayeba njengompristi ababheki umthetho nokuhleleka.

umsebenzi umlilo

Nge isimo umlilo kwakungekho kangcono. Emadolobheni yesimanje bonke onjiniyela ufuna ukusondela eduze isikhungo futhi bayanqikaza izakhiwo zabo ukukhulula eziya emaphandleni. Lapho eseRoma, abazalwane babeba abaqaphile kodwa ezifanayo. Ngenxa yalokho, mgwaqo uthola iwumngcingo. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nesikhathi uNero ngo isikhungo eRoma sasinezitokisi ezitaladini ububanzi amabili kuphela (4-5 no 6.5 m), omunye ifinyelela ububanzi 2-3 amamitha. Iningi imigwaqo zonke izindlela futhi imizila.

Okuningi ngobuciko ngalokhu Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izakhamizi izindlu angomakhelwane ungase xhawula each nye izandla shaking efasiteleni. isimo Criminal kwaholela ukuvela emaphaketheni komlilo ezindaweni ezahlukene enhlokodolobha: ngenxa budebuduze naleli izindlu ukuba nomunye umlilo kusabalala ngokushesha okukhulu phakathi komuzi.

Emlandweni eRoma ayengabangane imililo, okuyinto zishe ngesikhathi ingxenye enkulu yedolobha. Ngakho-ke, kanye nokugcinwa komthetho yangaphakathi nokuhleleka imisebenzi izicishamlilo wawubalulekile. Umbusi, njengokuba nazi lokhu, ubophekile Bombusi ukulwa ngomlilo.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Bombusi waseRoma, kuphazamiseka emlandweni zezombusazwe okuyinto ethatha ngempela endaweni enkulu, kudlalwa ayikho indima kubo, futhi kwezinye izimo - futhi ngaso sonke juqu.

AbaQaphi Bombusi babephinde abathintekayo cishe zonke lezi zenzakalo. Abanye ababusi babulawa nonogada babo siqu. Ngokwesibonelo, uCaligula futhi Commodus. ondunankulu Bombusi ngokuvamile ngemva ukufuduka kombusi ngokwabo laba yinhloko umbuso. Ngokwesibonelo, Macrinus ngemva uzungu yimpumelelo nokubulala kombusi Caracalla, waba umbusi. Ngemva kwenkathi wokubusa Aurelius AbaQaphi Bombusi waba Amasosha ngesihluku.

Labhujiswa Institute abaQaphi Bombusi kwaba phakathi nokubusa koMbusi uConstantine, ukudluliswa odumile inhlokodolobha wayiyisa eByzantium, kamuva esabizwa ngokuthi iConstantinople, manje Istanbul. Nguye ngonyaka 312 BC. e. Yena waqeda ebutho labaQaphi Bombusi, ngokuthi 'unomphela isidleke izibhelu futhi abantu ekuzitikeni ngokweqile. "

Kufinyeta bonke ngenhla. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abaQaphi Bombusi, okudalwe ngenjongo balondoloze ukuhleleka futhi ukuvikelwa ladies yasebukhosini, yaphenduka izilo. Babé umshini I-ukufuduka "ababusi ababi bayosuswa ngobudlova." Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izikhonzi sakhonza Empire owaketulwa ubuntu ababuthakathaka nokugcina eqinile, gcizelela ngaleyo ndlela wonke umbuso. Ukuzinza enhloko-dolobha, futhi ngokufanelekile, umbuso kwaba sokunconywa egcwele onogada zombusi. Ngakho-ke, impendulo elula yalowo mbuzo ngubani abaQaphi Bombusi - "Monsters" noma "Abahlengikazi" - nzima impela.