Petr Sagaydachny: Biography emfushane, amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo, portrait zomlando

Petr Sagaydachny washiya isigxivizo kumlando. Ukulwela ukukhipha ukuzimela e-Ukraine, kwaqina phakathi nokubusa Bogdana Hmelnitskogo, waqala ngokunembile Sagaidachnogo. ngegalelo lakhe futhi izinkambiso zakulelo zwe, ukubuyiselwa iSonto Lobu-Orthodox futhi ekuqiniseni uhlelo Cossacks okwamanje okumelwe kuhlolwe mlando.

Peter Konashevych-Sahaidachny: Biography emfushane (kufika ku 1600)

Esikhathini izincwadi zomlando inikeza ukwaziswa okuncane kakhulu ebuntwaneni futhi intsha Ngokuzayo hetman Ukraine. Umthombo kunazo olunzulu ulwazi mayelana nesiqalo sokuphila Sagaidachnogo - inkondlo inhloko yabangamashumi Kyïv Ubuzalwane esikoleni Kasiyana Sakovich. Peter wazalwa cishe 1570. Indawo yokuzalwa lingasethwa ukugxila Imininingwane enkondlweni kuphela, - ngasemzini Przemysl. Buka ikhadi Prykarpattia sikhathi, kuthathwa ngokuthi kule ndawo Kulchintsy. Abazali ayecebile impela, kodwa ngokungafani iningi nezinye izicukuthwane, aphethwe okholweni Orthodox.

Ngatadisha Petr Sagaydachny sikhungo wokuqala wemfundo ephakeme e-Eastern Europe - the Ostroh Academy. Ngemva kokulalela inkambo egcwele Academy, wathola imfundo yekhethelo. On yokuqala yokuphila ka edume zomlando sibalo akukho okunye okwaziwayo.

Ukuvela Sagaidachnogo e Zaporozhye

Cossacks ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17 kwaba kuphela amandla pro-Ukraine. Ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebeza kahle onamandla kangako amandla amandla Cossacks kwadingeka ukuba athumele endaweni efanele. Sagaidachnyi ekuqaleni izisethile msebenzi nokwenza ke.

Idethi ummango beya hetman kanzima wahlulele ngoba kukhona izinguqulo eziningana. mlando Ukrainian M. Melnychuk wathi ukuthi 1598 kakade Konashevich wakhethwa hetman. "Umlando Ukraine-Rus" Mihail Grushevsky emsebenzini wakhe eveza umbono wokuthi jikelele 1601, kuphela wafika Cossacks. Nokho, ukuzivala amehlo wakhe uthemba ngamunye izinguqulo ngenhla futhi ayilungile.

Ukungabi khona kolwazi mayelana iminyaka yokuhamba umlawuli emva Ostroh Academy kusikisela ukuthi Zaporozhye wabonakala endaweni ethile ngemva 1595, kodwa ngokushesha baba hetman, akukho ayengakwenza. Kudingeke ukuba uthole ukwethenjwa Cossacks empini. Cishe, uPetru Konashevych-Sahaidachny (photo enamathiselwe ngesimo isithombe), wakhethwa ukuba okuthunyelwe 1602-1606, ngokulandelana.

ukubukwa zezombusazwe

hetman Okokuqala, ababefuna ukuba bagqashule kokubusa Polish, nguPetru Konashevych-Sahaidachny. Sokuphathwa kwathi ezinhle. Njengoba ayekhuphuka uhlela uqaphele iphupho lakhe? Iphuzu laliwukuthi umphumela ube ukuqina kancane kancane Cossacks. izindlela Revolutionary ukwenza kanjalo ngaleso sikhathi, kwakungenakwenzeka, ngoba kokubili Poland kanye uMbuso WaseTurkey ziqinile kakhulu, futhi uMzimba Zaporozhian akuyona njengoba ihlelwe njengoba kufanele.

Sagaidachnyi labetibambile kabusha zokuphatha. Manje insimu ka Zaporizhia Army lahlukaniswa laba regiments nge izikhungo emadolobheni amakhulu. Esahlukweni ukwahlukana kwakungamadodana colonels owayehola lonke igunya lendawo. Ngenxa yalokhu kuhlelwa kabusha angaqinisa amandla mpo kwi kwesokunxele-yasebhange Ukraine.

ekahle Political Petr Sagaydachny ukubonwa geqe Ukrainian alawulwa elite Cossack zezombusazwe.

I uhambo lokuqala

Petr Sagaydachny njengoba umlawuli wazibonisa cishe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthatha isikhundla. Eyokuqala amamashi abadumile senzeka ngo 1605. Zaporozhye ibutho ke wanqoba Varna (inqaba Turkish). Umfanekiso lokhu yikunqoba Novemba 10, 1444 abaseTurkey wahlasela nabasePoland eduze Varna. Petr Sagaydachny namadoda ayekanye naye sidindilize ukuba kulo muzi ngokucela abantu kolwandle, lawela amabutho ngokwenza obala abaseTurkey, esangenza akuqede ikampu wendawo. Injongo yomkhankaso yafinyelelwa, ngoba Cossacks izigqila, okuyinto kwaba eningi, futhi bathatha eziningi Trophies.

Unyaka ngamunye, ngemva kokuya Varna Petr Sagaydachny le Cossacks wenza lwasolwandle. Injongo eyinhloko ekukhishweni ngakunye olwandle - yokukhululwa Ukraine imizi woLwandle Olumnyama, elawulwa ngesikhathi abaseTurkey futhi YaseCrimea Khan, udayiswa ezimakethe senceku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Cossacks akhiwa eziningi imikhankaso ehlukene zokukhiqiza. 1607 kwaphawulwa ekuhlaseleni Cossacks phezu Krymskoe Hanstvo (ashisiwe Perekop futhi Ochakov). Ngonyaka olandelayo, le Cossacks ahlasele idolobha eningizimu samanje Odessa esifundeni (Kiliya, Izmail), okuyinto ilethe ababeyizigqila.

Kuzonyuka Legendary ka 1614 kanye Ngo-1616 sika

lwasolwandle uchungechunge ayizange yaphela. amandla abo kuphela okwandisa. Hike Turkey uqobo kwaba ezikude kakhulu futhi okuyingozi, kodwa lo mgomo omuhle - ngokonakalisa isitha, futhi ukudedela iziboshwa. Cossacks eyizinkulungwane ezimbili ku seagull wakhe ufika lwaseTurkey. Kwakumelwe okudiliza edolobheni eliyitheku Sinop. I okulingana nokheshi umonakalo balinganiselwa ku zlotys kwezigidi ezingu-40. Kulesi umkhankaso Cossacks bekhululiwe izinkulungwane zeziboshwa Lokudabuka Orthodox.

Ukubaluleka umkhankaso Cafu e Ngo-1616 kunzima overestimate. Petr Sagaydachny njengoba umlawuli wazibonisa kahle, ngoba impumelelo kwakuxhomeke esilayidi. Ngesikhathi ophumayo we Dnieper oLwandle Cossacks luhlangabezane iqembu Turkish umngcele emikhunjini, okuyinto kwadingeka alwe. Cossacks anqotshwe futhi ukukhohliswa abaseTurkey: ezinye seagull (futhi sekube 150) babuyela ekamu, kanye nabanye acasha ngasekhaya Ochakov. I-Turks wacabanga ukuthi Cossacks sezedlule. kuphakama ezinye izingqinamba esikhathini Cossacks kwakungafanele. Winning Cafe ithuba ukubuyela nemindeni yabo lenqwaba izigqila Orthodox.

Peter Konashevych-Sahaidachny. portrait zomlando ka Hetman Inqubomgomo kwamasiko

Sagaidachnyi wayengomunye wabantu abafundile esiningi saleso sikhathi umsebenzi e-Ukraine. Eqaphela ukuthi Cossacks babe elite empeleni lempi umphakathi, kodwa akuwona wonke okungenani ibe abanye imfundo, wanquma ujoyine zonke Cossacks ekhatsi Kiev ubuzalwane. Umgomo: ekuthuthukiseni Impucuko e-Ukraine futhi bayikhulise ezingeni yamasiko Cossacks.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uPetru Konashevych-Sahaidachny (biography iDemo enikezwa esihlokweni) ihlelwe ukubuyiselwa umnyango Kiev Orthodox. Ngemva isimemezelo we-Union of Brest e 1586 cishe wonke amasonto amancane namakhulu laba impahla yabantwana lesiGreki eSontweni LamaKatolika. Endleleni kusuka eMoscow kuya eJerusalema ekhatsi Kiev imise main Orthodox hierarch Theyofilu, ayehlangana nabo hetman. Wachaza isimo inzalamizi elafika ne-Orthodox Ukraine. Ngu ngesinqumo Theyofilu, bamukela ngaphansi kwethonya izicelo Hetman, e 1615 Kiev Metropolia libuyiselwe; Orthodox ngasibuyisela nezimpahla eziningi. Wakhethwa Metropolitan of Kiev ne ababhishobhi 6, ephethwe uMnyango emkhakheni.

Cossacks nengxenye kwemashi eMoscow

Ngo-1618, i-nabasePoland walwa Grand Duchy of eMoscow. Eqaphela ukuthi bedinga usizo lwebutho Zaporizhzhya, uhulumeni ukuvusela Sagaidachnyi. Noma ubani uyazi yezimo zezulu eziyinkimbinkimbi nokushintshashintsha isimo isimo Polish, ubeke phezu kwayo phambili izimfuno zezombusazwe sina (sicabanga ngezansi), okuyinto waba ingane yokutholwa. Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye sivumelwano kungenzeka ukufeza izidingo amabutho Cossack bamasha. Cossacks wathuthela endaweni engaphakathi Muscovy fast ngokwanele. Phakathi nomkhankaso 20 emadolobheni isiRashiya, abanye babo babethola bathunjwa Cossacks zishiswe. Zaporizhia Army futhi wasebenzisa iqhinga lapha, njalo siguqula esikhundleni Ukunqamula emfuleni Oka nalabo kungukuthi Storming enqabeni, nge ukuthunjwa okungase kubangele izinkinga. Petr Sagaydachny (biography hetman sika ithakazelisa kakhulu) wanquma nje ukuhambahamba emadolobheni ezifana Kolomna futhi Zaraysk. Ngaphambi kokuqala lokushaya eMoscow libike ukuthi isivumelwano sokuthula Isivumelwano sisayinwe phakathi kwe nabasePoland kanye Muscovites.

impumelelo Political Sagaydachnogo

Njengoba usomaqhinga, le ndoda, futhi, usezuze okuningi Ukraine. Rzeczpospolita waphoqeleka ukuba basuse futhi ukufeza nezidingo ohlangothini Ukraine. Ngo-1618, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba umkhankaso eMoscow, Cossacks ukubeka ichopho kwale mibandela elandelayo:

• ukuqedwa kokuqondisa Polish we Cossacks;
• semthethweni Hetman phezu insimu yonke Ukraine;
• ukwandisa amalungelo Cossacks ';
• kutimela kwetebulungiswa kusukela nabasePoland;
• inkululeko engokwenkolo sabantu.

Le mfuneko yesibili kuhloswe ngazo ukuqinisa isikhundla zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni emazweni Ukraine, ngoba abapristi Uniate wenza inkulumo-ze ekhuthele kakhulu.

Impilo esifushane kumlawuli

Impi Poland naseTurkey waqala cishe ngokushesha nje ngemva empini nge eMoscow. I nabasePoland wayengeke akwenze ngaphandle Cossacks - ezimbi kakhulu amandla ezempi embusweni. Esibalulekile ngokuqedwa kwesivumelwano lempilo Hetman impi senzeke ngaphansi Khotin (manje e-Ukraine, Khmelnytsky esifundeni), lapho ulinyazwa kabi.

portrait zomlando umlawuli kuyohlale kuntula uma ngingenaye ulwazi olumayelana nomndeni wakhe. Wayeshadile, kodwa ekuphileni kwemikhaya jikelele akusebenzanga. Mhlawumbe, abantu abanjalo Asizalwa lo mndeni, wayesenza yezwe, ngoba izwe. Phela, igalelo lakhe Hetman wanika nje umkakhe, washiyela izidingo amasonto, izigodlo zezindela, Kyïv Brotherhood.

April 22, 1622 i-hetman olukhulu Zaporizhia Army wafa yamanxeba akhe at Hawtin.

Yiqiniso, umlando akamazi kwemizwelo subjunctive, kodwa ngokuhlaziya inkambo imicimbi engu-1618-1621, kuthathwa ngokuqiniseka okukhulu ukuthi ukuphila Sagaidachnogo, musa ukuthi ukulimala ill-fated, Ukraine wayesengaba ukuzimela ezimele noma ubanzi kakhulu. It is Cishe kwakuzolandela izuzwe Petr Sagaydachny, Biography emfushane lapho akunakwenzeka ukubonisa ukubaluleka okugcwele ngokuphila kwakhe ngenxa yezwe.