Gzhel ngesineke amaphethini. Imisuka Gzhel imidwebo

Gzhel idolobha - maphakathi omunye edume kakhulu art yezandla yeRussia. Itholakala Ramenskoye esifundeni esifundeni eMoscow. "Gzhel ehlathini" is lasakazekela endaweni enkulu futhi yakhiwa nemizana 27 kabani abakhileyo bekwi yokukhiqiza kanye Umdwebo imikhiqizo udengezi elimhlophe kanye zobumba. Indaba yezandla Gzhelian ezigxilile 14 AD leminyaka, lapho kwavulwa eMoscow Kudinovskoe ubumba idiphozi. Ezingqimbeni engenhla wamanga "shirevka" - impahla elula obomvu ngezansi babe izingqimba ophuzi "noboya" - obumbeni izinga ngokwesilinganiso, futhi, ekugcineni, ekujuleni welula tenderest "mylovka" - emihle ezimhlophe ubumba impahla esisemqoka ukukhiqizwa high zobumba kanye iphosilini.

izidingo ekhemisi

Kube ngobumba olumhlophe for izitsha ukugqoka nezinye izinto ekhishini, okwamanje livele njengokwenza komthaki isimemezelo sasebukhosini, okuyinto waphoqeleka ukuletha yonke ekhishwe Gzhel ubumba eMoscow izidingo oda ekhemisi. Nokho, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ngaphansi phansi kwatholakala a Amasimu ambalwa, futhi indwangu emhlophe kwakwanele wonke izidingo inhlokodolobha Russian nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Ngaphandle izitsha ekhemisi netiye amasethi master izingcweti bekwi-womshini imikhiqizo kwezobuciko. Kwakubonakala Gzhel Folk izikebhe, eyaziwa namuhla emhlabeni wonke.

Umhlaba udumo

Gzhel zaveza amaphethini - iphethini eyenziwe bright blue ayibe ngopende on isizinda ezimhlophe, ngokwesiko - inflicted ebulawa imiklamo elula be-Jomethri ezimibalabala. Izithombe kwimikhiqizo lungasisiza futhi ukuba scene ngokwemvelo, njengezithi owesifazane nge amabhakede noma inkositini, sizungezwe dancing bakule ndawo. Gzhel zaveza amaphethini - kuvamise Motifs ezimibalabala, okuphindayo phezu convex noma ngaphezulu ngilugweda komkhiqizo.

A uphawu ikhono eziphakeme lomculi ekusebenziseni kwakhe semitones lapho maphakathi sibalo ugcwele imivimbo okhanyayo-blue, futhi eduze azungeze isithombe siba ikhanya. Izimbali Gzhelian iphethini - indlela eyisipesheli incazelo, bayolandela wabuka zalesi sihlahla yangempela. Esithombeni ungabona amacembe, pistils, stamens, sifanamsindvo ngisho amadevu, olunamathele imbali omakhelwane babo.

ubuchwepheshe

amaphethini Gzhel Umdwebo angaphansi uhlelo oluthile umdvwebo. Abakwazi alternate noma zingahlelwa nemiyalezo, kodwa noma kunjalo, isithombe kugcinwa ngaphakathi ngesakhiwo lohleliwe. Ezimbonini ukwenziwa glassware futhi yobuciko neyezandla olwakhe izitsha zobumba futhi zobumba amaphethini Gzhel Umdwebo systematized. Kukhona umtapo, equkethe imidwebo eminingi, ubuchwepheshe kusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni. Image Theme onhlobonhlobo: kuzithombe linesizotha ekuphileni kwezakhamuzi ukuze Fairy izindaba izinhlamvu ezimbalwa.

Modern amaphethini Umdwebo Gzhel ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ahlukahlukene. Nakuba kubonakala, omunye umbala imidwebo ngokwabo okuyisidina, futhi kusho ukuthi enhle inhlanganisela yemibala akufanele ulinde. Nokho, nobuchwepheshe bale abaculi abanamakhamera art multi-ungqimba Imbondela imibala nge shades ezicashile, owenza izimangaliso. Imikhiqizo Gzhel amakhosi akuzona enhle kuphela, kodwa futhi eyingqayizivele, ngoba imisebenzi yezandla kudinga Ngokwesibonelo esiyingqayizivele eyodwa kuphela.

zinhlobo

Sebenzisa amaphethini Gzhel Umdwebo - ubuciko obucayi wemfanelo. Injongo eyinhloko ye-master iyona ngisho ukusatshalaliswa imibala kanye shades, ukuze sibalo ukuthola olinganiselayo nobunye. Umkhiqizo ngamunye kuyinto kwendikimba isikhungo Ukwakheka kusuka lapho izingxenye ngesakhiwo noma izakhi washintsha nombala yemifino umhlobiso. Kwezinye izimo, imibala ayibe eziluhlaza zikhangwa kwahambisana by imigqa zokuhlobisa umbala igolide.

Ngokuvamile, Umbala enjalo lisetshenziswa okuthiwa ithambo china. Lena ezihlukahlukene olukhethekile Ceramic nomhlophe kanye ezicashile ukhilimu umthunzi efana umbala ubisi bhotela. Bone china kancane angenisa ukukhanya, futhi eka abaculi asetshenziswa imidwebo. Figure itholakala ukuze ahlale amahhala kapende isikhala. Khona-ke ukuhlanza ebusweni umkhiqizo avelele uqale uxhumana umbala iphethini.

Imisuka Gzhel imidwebo

Esebenzisa i-imikhiqizo okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe njalo bokuzisholo. Lokhu kungaba umfanekiso elibi emangalisayo izinhlamvu lwasemaphusheni, noma landscape ubusika emaphandleni. Futhi hhayi ngoba lokho zobumba noma china akunakwenzeka ukudweba yisiphi isithombe sangempela, ngoba lolu hlobo Folk art isitayela kungaphansi kwemithetho ayo, okuyinto kuhluke kanye nemikhiqizo. yezandla Russian ngekwehlukahlukana kwalo akuvunyelwe kusigaba ngokwanele. Ukudida fike hlobo of Folk art kwenye cishe kungenakwenzeka.

amakhosi Akwaziwa Gzhel njalo ngcono amakghonwabo, imikhiqizo yabo ngabanye zabuna uhlobo. Lezi imisebenzi yobuciko agcinwa iminyuziyamu namaqoqo yangasese, bona ziyigugu. Gzhel izitsha ngesineke ngalokhu noma ezinye izinto art, Kuyathakazelisa futhi eyingqayizivele njalo. Ububanzi imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa isitshalo nsukuzonke futhi workshop ezincane, angenamkhawulo.

Master Class "Gzhel ngesineke"

Ukufunda ikhono lokukhuluma ukupenda eyenziwa njalo amakilabhu avulekele yonke indawo. Nokho, ukubazi kahle ubuciko okukhiwa Gzhelian kwenteke ngaphandle ulwazi ngomlando walo lasendulo Folk art.

Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala, abafundi bazame ukukhiqiza kabusha izithombe elula e Gzhel isitayela ephepheni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukulingana abavamile Umdwebo ephepheni noma obukhulu umdwebo amashidi. Upende kufanele siqale emifanekiso. Uma Gzhel Umdwebo ephepheni Kwatholakala, ungakwazi udlulele isisekelo sokuqala - the preform sobumba. Kulesi sigaba, watercolors ayisekho kufanelekile, badinga yangempela ayibe blue.

amasethi

Emakhulwini eminyaka 18-19 Gzhel izitsha ayewusizo funa. Kwangithatha imikhiqizo phesheya. BaseYurophu uthenge ukukhiqizwa zobumba kanye iphosilini ne Gzhel Russian ababethi omningi. Kwaze kwaba nje senkantolo yasebukhosini Russian akazange abe ikhasimende emikhulu ngabo bonke izimboni esikhiqiza amasethi okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe.

funa Special yenkosi kanye nabasizi bakhe babejabulela isevisi adumile "Guryev" I-150 abantu amadili ezinkulu kanye emadilini. Lokhu kwalandelwa "Monomakh" futhi "Inkosi-Baba" abantu abangu-12 ngamunye. Imisa lalinabashumayeli izifundo 84, sithome tureens omkhulu ziphethe Saucers ngoba ujamu. Popular babe amasethi encane "Tete-a-Tete" amabili futhi "Egoist", eyenzelwe umthandi dinnerware enhle.

ukwehla

Ngo-20-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule kuye kwaba khona ukwehla ekukhiqizeni Gzhel. I-alamu esokuqala isithunywa savuthela ixilongo ngokwabo yababumbi, ngubani waxwayisa ngokuthi uma kungenziwanga ukulungiswa, amakhanzi nezitsha maduzane sizoba ukuthenga phesheya. Ngenhlanhla, baye bezwa, izitshalo efanelwe amandla amasha, futhi ngo-1933 i-amabhizinisi ikakhulukazi ezinkulu wathatha ku esimweni saso ibhalansi futhi ngaleyo ndlela faience, zobumba kanye neminye imikhiqizo "Gzhel ehlathini" waphinde waphumela ageleze emakethe Russian, bese phesheya .

wizadi Famous

Gzhel kuhlukile umkhiqizo owodwa awukwazi ukuthatha amehlo akho, kanti omunye ka sithakazelo. Kungani lokhu kwakwenzeka? Umbandela main inquma izinga Gzhel zobumba kuyinto ukutadishwa umdwebo. Lapho isithombe idwetshwa, imidwebo ligugu. Gzhel ochwepheshe ujwayelene imisebenzi amakhosi amakhulu besikhathi sethu. Abaqoqi ukuthenga kuphela imisebenzi yabo, iminyuziyamu kanye nezikhungo embukisweni nazo bezama ukuthola okukhethekile art izinto.

Phakathi abaculi abadumile kakhulu - Denisov, Dunashova, Okulov, Azarov, Rozanov futhi Tsaregorodtseva. Kakhulu umkhiqizo NI Bessarabova agcinwe Russian Museum Petersburg ku Historical Museum e Moscow. yobuciko eminingi ehlakazekile emhlabeni wonke, bonke babo bayithusi emaqoqweni yangasese nemipheme.

Sekuvele isiko okuhle ukuvula izitolo abathengisa Gzhel imikhiqizo art Izimboni esikhiqiza lezi imisebenzi yobuciko. Isidingo ubuhle eliluhlaza nokumhlophe namanje eliphezulu futhi lo mkhuba phansi akuyona. Gzhel niyochuma nje kukhona ezifakwa ngaphansi komhlaba ngobumba olumhlophe, futhi amasheya ayo namuhla abonakala ongashi.