Pentane: isomers futhi ngesilwane esifuywayo

Ngaphambi kokucabangela le formula eziyisisekelo isomers pentane ukwambula le kwakwakhe kungokwalabo okuyinto ekilasini izinto eziningi eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze sinqume ukuthi izici kwesakhiwo has ketshezi, iziphi emkhakheni eyinhloko isicelo.

izici Jikelele

isomers Pentane okuyinto sicabanga kwazo ukuba nibe ngabakaJesu ekilasini elihlale (umkhawulo) hydrocarbon. Sinenkosi ifomula CnH2n + 2, sp3 hybridization carbon athomu, isibopho olulodwa. Phakathi izakhiwo sici for bale ekilasini, okubala pentane, isomers ephinde zingezikaJehova ekilasini alkanes ukuhlukanisa olukhulu esikhundleni (halogenation).

I ngesilwane esifuywayo zezakhi

It wazakhela inqubo ethize owawuthi onganikeza egameni lanoma imuphi hydrocarbon ayegcwele. Straight carbon skeleton ngokwayo pentane, isomers yayo zihlukaniswa ezizivelelayo (amagatsha) kusukela uchungechunge main.

Okokuqala, udinga ukukhetha isikhathi eside carbon chain. Ukuze izinombolo carbon athomu ingxenye akhethiwe lapho zitholakala kakhudlwana ezizivelelayo phezulu. Ephambi kwezinduna amagatsha nhlangothi zombili main wesifunda ku-akhawunti inani radicals, kanye yabo isakhiwo (ukusetshenziswa Russian zamagama).

Uma kukhona amaningi afanayo hydrocarbon ezizivelelayo izibalo zibonisa indawo yabo usebenzisa iziqalo hlandla: likaNkulunkulu, tri-, Tetra.

Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye yonke izinhlayiya esebenzayo, nika igama umgogodla carbon izofakwa ohlwini.

isakhiwo pentane

It yakha main ifomula kwesakhiwo isomers pentane usebenzisa algorithm ezivamile. Ukuze uqale ukuhlela ama-athomu carbon ku neketanga olulodwa, ukuthola pentane ifomula evamile kwesakhiwo: CH3- (CH2) 3-CH3.

Uma ikhefu ayinhloko uchungechunge amane carbon athomu, okusele izokwethulwa ngesimo olukhulu CH3. Esimweni esinjalo, kungaba akha amafomula ezimbili isakhi izinto ezingafani komunye nomunye ilungiselelo amaqembu methyl: 2-methylbutane, 3-methylbutane.

Ikhona yini enye indlela Ungabheka pentane? Isomers ifomula S5N12 kungenzeka obubekwe ngaphambili futhi 2,2-dimetilpropanom.

Zonke lezi zinto ukuhlangabezana eyodwa ifomula jikelele CnH2n + 2 Ngakho-ke, bangabanye ekilasini hydrocarbon elihlale (alkanes) kukhona isomers kwesakhiwo.

mkhuba Isomerism uchaza ukuba khona izinto eziningana ukuthi abe ifomula ezivamile, kodwa ilungiselelo ezihlukahlukene zama-athomu engqamuzaneni. isomers Bezakhiwe babe ezinye umehluko reactivity, naphezu kokuba yilungu ekilasini elilodwa hydrocarbon.

isiphetho

Pentane, isomers zazo sesixoxile, kuyinto omele ejwayelekile ka paraffins. Ngenxa yalesi ekilasini izinto eziningi eziphilayo zinezikhathi isomerism isibopho amaningi. hydrocarbon ayegcwele babe isomers interclass. Phakathi main izimboni lapho funa pentane futhi yayo kwesakhiwo isomers, khetha the chemical umkhakha.

Lapho isomerization ka pentane, 2-methylbutane, olungaholela dehydrogenation i hydrocarbon unsaturated, okuqondene eziningi ifomula jikelele CnH2n-2. Polymerization of CxHy unsaturated kuyinto inqubo zezimboni ngokukhiqiza i-polymer iqina zokwenziwa elisetshenziswa kuyo izihlahla zenjoloba.

Ezinye zezindawo eziningi ukusetshenziswa alkanes ayegcwele, typified ngu pentane evamile, ukwaba kanye nokusetshenziswa lokhu kwakwakhe njengoba ombiwa phansi. Ekuphetheni, kwabamele kumkhawulo eziningi hydrocarbon, isomerism kuyisici sobuntu circuit esikhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi i-molecule ye kungekho izibopho siphindwa kabili, ngokuba upharafini into evamile isomers yejeyomethri, okungukuthi akukho cis futhi isomers Trans.