Painting Khokhloma - art Russian ezavela ngekhulu le-17

Akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokuthe ngqó lapho kwakubonakala sengathi Khokhloma imidwebo, kodwa kufanele kube, kwaba ngekhulu le-17. Phakathi kwekuhlela kabusha esontweni, lapho Amakholwa Old ayeshushiswa, baye bathola isiphephelo emahlathini kanye ngamaqembu amancane. emadolobheni amakhulu zivaliwe kubo kuze kube phakade. Kodwa kwakudingeka ngokwabo njengeqembu elehlukile feed, bese banquma ukuzama ukuze uthumele inqubo iconography futhi umhlobiso kwimikhiqizo izinkuni. Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi esifanayo futhi kwakukhona onodoli edumile emhlabeni akha izidleke, kamuva owabizwa ngokuthi "Hohloma".

Kukholakala ukuthi emthethweni bakwazi ukusindisa imibhalo yesandla yasendulo, imifanekiso kanye izindwangu ezahlukene Patterned. Khokhloma umdwebo okusekelwe kuyo. Ekuqaleni ngesandla amakhosi baba kuphela ngokuqondile abadwebi ke waqala ukuhlanganyela nabo nezinye Amakholwa Old, kanye namalungu kwavukelwa Solovetsky. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le ndlela iye zande kangaka, ngenxa yokuthi yaqala zenziwe lonke leli dolobhana. Futhi omunye lendawo lalingase ukwenza nalutho, elinye - ukuba ugaye emthini, eyesithathu - ukupenda. Iningi komsebenzi owawuhilelekile amadoda, abesifazane kuphela wasiza ngokugcwalisa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene izinsizakalo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izingane kusukela zisencane wathatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo lo mdwebo. Bona, yebo, abangethembi kubulawa imisebenzi enzima, kodwa babengakwazi ukuyisekela kalula babhekane primer noma olifleniem.

Ngokuvamile, Khokhloma Umdwebo kwaduma hhayi ngenxa wonke umsebenzi kwenziwe ngesandla. Ngaleso sikhathi ngangihlala hhayi abantu abaningi kangaka ocebile eRussia ukuthengisa umkhiqizo ngamanani amba eqolo. Into wukuthi okufanayo Uma unganakile, izinto izakhi sonke isikhathi wayethembela ngezindlela ezahlukene. izitsha zegolide wathelisa loMfula iVolga ke zithutha ukusuka lapho ezweni lonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi kude lé nemingcele Russia kwaba ethandwa Russian Khokhloma. Imisuka umdwebo kwi izitsha zegolide, nezinkezo noma Decor ayikwazanga abashiye ubani nandaba.

Isici esiphawulekayo Khokhloma ukuthi alinaso izifanekiso noma izibonelo. Zonke imivimbo esakuthwala okuyinhloko, wasungula cishe ekuhambeni. Kodwa ikhona imithetho ethile sangemuva. Ngokuphathelene ubuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa yasekuqaleni, ugodo wokuqala owaqhutshelwa primer. Lokhu kwakudingekile ukuze bonyana batshidze izimbobo ezincane kanye nama-liquid-eliqinile. Khona-ke okwenziwa putty, okuyinto yayihloselwe ukufihla ifindo, nezakhamuzi ezincane kanye nezinye amaphutha ezisele ngemuva ekusebenzeni kwe-turner. Ngemva kwalokho oliflenie olwenziwa, ngaphandle lokunameka powder aluminium (esidingekayo ukuze abe luhlaza ifomu segolide) kuba nzima. Futhi wabe balukhulume kakhulu lo mdwebo. amaphethini eyinkimbinkimbi emabhulashini walala phezu evele nzima kakhulu. Ngakho, Russian Khokhloma - imidwebo, isithombe engeke wasithatha ubuhle ukuthi kungabonakala ngokoqobo. Ngo izinto eziningi iminyuziyamu walondoloza, ogama ekudalweni kuhlehlela emuva ekhulwini le-18. Njengomthetho, amaphethini kungabonwa uthando yemvelo, esifafazwa umlimi ngamunye esihlokweni sakhe.

Khokhloma Umdwebo akalilahlile okukushoyo kuze kube namuhla. Yiqiniso, ubuciko wesimanje isibe wehlukile, uthole uhla kangaka okudingeka amafomu kanye izakhi okuhlobisa ukuthi ndiyaza yinkimbinkimbi izingoma zomculi. Zonke izinto eziyizikhumbuzo zingezokunikeza ukufudumala, njengoba ngamunye wabo ngesandla. Akekho umshini ngeke bakwazi ukudlulisa namandla omuhle njengoba ukwenza umsebenzi wezandla zomuntu.