Arkhip Kuindzhi: Biography nemisebenzi

Kuyinto ukuphikelela emangalisayo isinxibi umfana-Greek ngubani kubo bonke lobo bunzima baba ukuziqhenya Umdwebo Russian. Biography emfushane Kuindzhi ubonisa ithalente okungavamile, ukuzinikezela umphefumulo elinomusa umdwebi omkhulu.

Esakhula

Isimanga isiyi-ngokuningilizwe kangaka okungahambisani ukusetha babelwazi usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa Kuindzhi. Biography iqala iyehla iyenyuka - noma 1841, noma 1842. Akunandaba, kodwa kuyinto exakayo. Ngendlela efanayo okungavamile kuthinte ukuhumusha igama lakhe, okwakusho umkhandi wesiliva, kuyo yonke imisebenzi yakhe njengomuntu umdwebi. Arkhip yintandane ekuseni. Wakhuliswa njengomFarisi izihlobo abampofu. Ukutadisha ngaphandle ukukhuthala, wabuye wasebenzisa wonke ezilahliwe iphepha, okuyinto kuphela lafika ngesandla.

Ubumpofu nobumpofu kwamphoqa ukondla goose, accounting umabhalane umsebenzi isitini, bese isinkwa yomthengisi. Kodwa kwaba khona ukoma ukuze upende, okwamholela ukuba Feodosia. Kuindzhi oneminyaka engu-14 ubudala, ogama biography isiqala nje, wafuna ukuba abe umfundi we I. omkhulu K. Ayvazovskogo. Kodwa abuzange - waphathiswa kuphela ugaye upende upende kocingo. Waphindela kwakhe, waba Mariupol retoucher - hhayi yokudweba, kodwa into efana nalokho. Up iminyaka engu-24, waphuthuma ngasogwini Black Sea, ukusebenza zonke okufanayo.

Petersburg

Akekho wayelindwe ezifudumele Kuindzhi Academy of Arts. Biography Petersburg owaqala ngokuvukela imizamo akuphumelelanga nokufunda ikhono eliphezulu. Lisuke lingasekho nje hhayi wamukelwe Academy. Kodwana ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, lapho ngesineke isithombe embukisweni Academy embukisweni. Lapha ekugcineni ngaqaphela yena yanikezelwa isihloko umculi mahhala, ngisho ungeniswe ukuhlolwa e okukhethekile. Sithole idiploma Kuindzhi biography okucetshiswe sebelazi Wanderers. Ngo-1875 yena embukisweni umsebenzi wakhe "Milky ipheshana Mariupol." Akukhona ngisho ukuthi Kuindzhi, okuyinto sethula emsebenzini ukhulile ezimele. Kuyinto sici Wanderers ngendwangu namaqiniso: umbala udangele, udaka esingaweleki. Zonke liphefumulelwe indaba ephathwayo zokuphila esingenathemba abantu, okuyinto walithanda Wanderers. Kodwa wayenesihe waqaphela futhi, bekholelwa wena ngokwenza kokuhamba kusukela "lobambiswano" Kuindzhi, ogama biography namanje engazinzile, kokushiya imidwebo kuya enyakatho.

ukuthuthukiswa

He qamba namathafa "ku Valaam Isiqhingi", "Ladoga", okuyinto sidonse amehlo omphakathi. Arkhip Kuindzhi, ogama biography kuyanda, ungakwazi ngakhokhela gcagca intombi yakhe ayithandayo isikhathi eside. Ngemva konyaka lapho embukisweni isithombe sekungene hhayi kuphela umphakathi, kodwa ngisho wazibonela abaculi nabo - "ubusuku Ukrainian". Kuyinto libonakale kubo bonke ushintsho ubuciko, emisha exotic esivela yena yedwa. Manje Kuindzhi bathoma ukucabanga konke - netingcikitsi isitayela lokubhala, ukuthuthukisa impumelelo yabo, ukutadisha ngokujulile upende umbala ukukhanyisa imiphumela, ujabulela ukusebenza kwabo okuhle. Ngo-1878 embukisweni esijana eParis, lapho Kuindzhi wafika nomkakhe esemncane, emangazwe embukisweni French umphakathi imisebenzi yakhe. iningi waqaphela futhi ehlukile kakhulu umdwebi wakhe Russian. Ngawo lowo nyaka waqala umsebenzi lapho sizosebenza engu-23 - ". Kusihlwa e-Ukraine" EFrance, wafundiswa Impressionism futhi ngenxa yethonya lakhe Kamuva wawabha- namathafa ezintathu - ". Emva Rain" "North", "Birch Grove" futhi Sekuyisikhathi eside bathukuthele, efana ithumba, ekhishwa "Association of the Wanderers" wathatha indawo, bese Kuindzhi ukuphatha isikhali ibeka umuntu Umdwebo - ". Moonlit Night eMfuleni Dnieper" Kwaba ukuvunguza. Shono abaningi kangaka lomculi bazama imibala nokuthi kuwe kutholakele ukukhanyiselwa, azenzayo ngesikhathi show ekhethekile, singagqunqi egumbini nokugqamisa ngendwangu yakhe nokukhanya. Kodwa ukuntula ulwazi yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali odlale iqhinga ezingcolile nge umkhiqizo - kusukela ngesikhathi upende lase mnyama, futhi manje-ke akwenzi umbono kokuqala, kodwa namanje emihle.

Lena vele esigabeni esisha emsebenzini, isazi sefilosofi umculi ozalwa - Arhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi. Biography liyakhuluma ngokuphela ukucabanga kwakhe emaqinisweni ezinye izindlela ukuyibeka on ngendwangu. Ufuna ukuqonda zomhlaba impahla ukujula. Khumbula ukuthi kwakungumfundi kanye nje kancane oqeqeshiwe, hhayi iziqu Academy of Fine Arts intandane cishe isinxibi nje. Ngaphambi yimuphi iphakama umoya ngethalente nokukhuthala indoda akwazi ukugibela!

yobumfihlo

Eminyakeni 1881-1882 Kuindzhi ukuhlela imibukiso ezimbili, elibonisa "Birch Grove", waduma akuveza phakathi abathandi ubuciko "Dnepr ekuseni." Lapha lo msebenzi sathathwa ngokuqapha kakhulu. Ngemva kwalokho, umdwebi cishe engamashumi amabili kude empilweni yomphakathi. Izincazelo kude umuntu odumile ezifana, njengoba umculi Kuindji biography abangenakukwazi ukukunikeza. Ngesikhathi isichume yakhe, yena sehla ebusweni omphakathi futhi baxgeki.

Sebenza Alone

Kuindzhi usebenza, ukudala imibala emisha, okumele uzinze futhi akushintshi uhlobo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya. Wabhala umsebenzi kakhulu, ngifuna omunye isiqondiso yesitayela. Ngo-1886 wathenga isiza eCrimea, lapho, ohlala lomkakhe nabafundi abasebenza Ngezikhathi zasehlobo, kulandela isibonelo Impressionists ngaphandle abuye abhale "kolwandle futhi ebhishi. ECrimea "," lolwandle. Ngo umbono lo Demerdzhi entabeni. ECrimea "," eCrimea. Yayla "," intaba emthambekeni. ECrimea "nokuningi. Kanti kungokunye Kuindzhi, egcwele ukukhanya, ilanga kanye UMOYA wasolwandle lolwandle ezolile.

Caucasus

Ngo-1888, ngokumenywa omunye Wanderers Kuindzhi ngavakashela eCaucasus amlethela okuvelayo fresh futhi imidwebo, umsebenzi lapho waqhubeka Petersburg. Ngokubabazekayo eCaucasus, he cabangisisa ngokubhala uchungechunge imidwebo: "Elbrus usuku", "Elbrus. Moonlit Night "," Peaks Snowy "," iphakama Snowy. ECaucasus ". Lena uhlu olufushane imisebenzi yakhe, yena lapho ubachazela bemibuso zefilosofi zezwe ezizungezile. Kuyinto ehluke ngokuphelele, ezintsha futhi ngobuchwepheshe, futhi ngaphakathi Kuindzhi lapho tho nge sefilosofi romantic. Abagxeki bakholelwa ukuthi kuyinto kwesikhathi Caucasian Kuindzhi ukuthonywa umsebenzi N. K. Reriha ezintabeni zaseHimalaya. Phela, eCaucasus Kuindzhi ongokomfanekiso. Lona ekahle eliphakeme ongenakuwufinyelela, dazzlingly enhle ngesikhathi esifanayo.

embukisweni entsha

Ngo-1901, umdwebi siphuma kude futhi ubonise abangani abafundi umsebenzi uqalile engamashumi amabili nantathu edlule - "Ebusuku e-Ukraine", kodwa futhi isebenza 'kukaKristu eGetsemane "(1901)," Birch Grove "(1901). Ngokuvamile, kulokhu umculi ususungule imisebenzi ezinye anamakhulu mahlanu. Phakathi nale minyaka, agcwele ukubukwa eMoscow kusukela Sparrow Hills. Ukuthatha timu, ngokupheleleyo ithuthukiswe ke, bese, waphendukela nezinye, kudala uchungechunge exhumene imidwebo ngaphandle kokuphindaphinda futhi akumangalisi, uma ubheka umsebenzi wakhe ochungechungeni. Ngokumangalisayo ezihlukahlukene hhayi kuphela izindikimba kodwa futhi umbala izixazululo zabo.

Made Kuindzhi embukisweni waphinda wahola izilaleli esimweni yokungenwa, ngaphinde ngakho impikiswano kanye nenkulumo, kodwa umculi waphinda ivaliwe. Izizathu zalokhu ukuziphatha Kuindzhi Biography emfushane, njengabantu besikhathi sakhe, ngeke likwazi ukunikeza. Mhlawumbe umculi usekhathele enkulumweni eyize, ngoba wayeneminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha. Nokho, ngezindinganiso zethu lena akuyona kangaka, kodwa-ke wazizwa kancane ehlukile.

eminyakeni yamuva

Eminyakeni eyishumi Kuindzhi wadala indwangu entsha. Kuvele wobuciko eliphelele isikhathi - isithombe "Rainbow". Kuyinto e Russian Museum. Kule ngxenye Kuindzhi wasebenza iminyaka emihlanu. Kanye omkhulu, it has hhayi ensimini zakolosivshegosya eyinkimbinkimbi umgwaqo uhambahamba. Ngaphezu kwazo amanga izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu ubambe leaf isibhakabhaka nge rainbow elikhazimulayo. Zonke elula kakhulu, kodwa lokhu lula unikezwa ngobuciko obukhulu observation umcabango. Kakade ebhaliwe "Red Sunset" futhi "Ubusuku" (1905-1908).

ukufa umdwebi sika

Kusukela ngehlobo lika-1910 eCrimea, wagula samakhaza. Manje okusongela isifo isikhathi eside okwenza kungabi ukwehluleka komuntu. Bese kwakungekho antibiotic. Nge kwemvume odokotela ukunakekela inkosikazi enothando zithutha isiguli Petersburg, kodwa yonke imizamo yodokotela ungazange kwasiza. Ayikwazi ukumelana inhliziyo embi, waze washona ngo-July 1910. Manje ithuna lakhe kuze kube ngaleso Tikhvin Amathuna ngesikhathi u-Alexander saseNevsky Lavra.

esiza abantulayo

Ukuza aphume phansi okungaphephile emphakathini, umculi, ngokushesha nje lapho izimali uvumele steel, laqala ukwenza esiza abantulayo, ukukhokha imali esikhulu ngalezo zinsuku (anakhulu-nye, ziyikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu ayizinkulungwane) kanye Academy Wezobuciko Society of Abaculi. A. I. Kuindzhi ngokuba imiklomelo yaminyaka yonke. Umphakathi efanayo wanika impahla yakhe eCrimea. njengoba umculi yena nomkakhe sasaneliswa encane, sasihlala ukuze nje futhi ngesizotha. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, yena wathola impesheni Antropov wasabela futhi asakaza wonke impahla phakathi kwezihlobo umdwebi kanye Society of Abaculi.

Le ndlela kuyinkimbinkimbi ukuba khona kokuphila kwakuyindaba Arkiphu Kuindzhi. Biography emfushane ekhuluma ithalente okungavamile, ukuzinikezela umphefumulo elinomusa umdwebi omkhulu.