On yini qualitative iziteshi uphethiloli ukugcwaliswa: Izibuyekezo isilinganiso

Abashayeli abanolwazi bayazi kulokho amagalaji amaningi eliphezulu uphethiloli. isipiliyoni Sibalulekile ngayinye "umpetha imizila Russian" hoarding hhayi ukuze bazizuzise bona kanye nezinzuzo. Ngoba baye babhekana: sokuhamba standards, khona ukungcola (ukuthi ngokwethembeka: likaphethiloli okungenani - hhayi omuncu, kodwa futhi-ke buhlanjululwe ngamanzi nophethiloli ngenombolo octane ephansi) zigcwele enkingeni enkulu.

izihlungi ovalekile, amakhandlela abaphumele

Uma sisondela udaba ngaphandle ukunakwa efanele, imoto kancane kodwa ngokuqinisekile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngokushesha enza kokunikezwa kwe-"amandla" imithetho. izihlungi ovalekile, iphutha injectors, carbon ezifakwa amakhandlela - hhayi uhlu oluphelele izinkinga, elinde kithi sesizibeke egcwele uphethiloli uyazi ukuthi nakuba singenankinga baqinisekiswa ngokuthi lena fuel ezinhle.

Yini odinga ukukwazi ukuze ugweme izinkinga exhunywe ne Ukuvakashela "okungalungile" gas esiteshini? Ukuqala ukuhlaziya izici ezithinta izinga uphethiloli: inombolo octane (uphethiloli antiknock ngesilinganiso), isiqalisi, ukusebenza kanye ekupheleni amafraktjhini isilinganiso alikhali okuqukethwe, acid, organic compounds, njll ...

Nakuba kukhona bezibona ukuthi akusiyo njalo fuel uphawu gas esiteshini ungcono lowo bona amaphuzu kancane-aziwayo, abashayeli abaningi lo mbuzo "uphethiloli engcono" lapho igesi iziteshi they dayisa meet, lokho njengazo Shell, "Rosneft", abanye esiteshini untwisted.

Lapho akusiyo lemonade ezidingekayo

Wazi kanjani mayelana ukuqapha inqubekela phambili izinga uphethiloli? abanikazi ezigcina umthetho refueling ngamunye ukubonisa izitifiketi ekhethekile esidlangalaleni. Ngifuna ukukholelwa: ngokoqobo, njengoba nje kulotshiwe. Ngeshwa, okwenzekayo kubonisa ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi esemthethweni idatha isitifiketi ubuqiniso bukhanye. Dinga Umbuso indawo efanayo uphethiloli 80 95 akukwazi - kwamaqembu izibalo zihlukile.

Ngaphambi sikhuluma nganoma isiphi igesi iziteshi ukuthengisa esezingeni uphethiloli, ukukala ukulinganisela, umthengi. Ethandwa kakhulu iyona th-95, okungenani ethandwa - 76th. Futhi kwenzekani? Ethonya wukuthi ezinye izisebenzi amagalaji wafunda iseluleko Dale Carnegie "Uma isiphetho ilinikile kalamula - ukwenza lemonade" endleleni yabo sokuzicabangela. Ukusebenzisa okuthiwa okufakiwe for diesel (enhancers), zingabantu kusukela 76 th "ulamula" ukwenza noma yini oyifunayo, kuze kube wama-95 "Brandy".

On le ngxube ezingabazisayo usebenza isibalo esikhulu izimoto ezweni lonke. Ikakhulukazi yingozi ngcono imoto, ekuqaleni ukungezwa ku impahla eluhlaza kuyiphi uphethiloli senziwa. Nokho, akubona bonke "Shoals" yinqwaba embondelene unembeza wabenza nophethiloli. Ngokwesibonelo, isibalo octane uphethiloli uwela, uma lilondolozwe lide kakhulu. Lokhu kwandisa okuqukethwe itiyela (ngenxa anda lokuhlushwa fuel hydrocarbon).

embuzweni umngane

Indlela ungalahlekelwa sikhethe iziteshi ngophethiloli? ngezindlela eziningi. Okokuqala ukubuza yilabo ababenombono ucabanga umgomo futhi ngokwethembeka (abangane, esisebenza nabo, izihlobo). Nakuba kuleli banga emincane yabantu zingase zingafani, ungakwazi ukubamba isenzo vector, ukuze sifinyelele iziphetho. Kakhulu eliphezulu futhi brand othembekile eRussia ngo-2016 kukhona "Lukoil" :. "Gazprom Neft", ka Shell, "TNK" Kodwa, mhlawumbe, ke isicelo kuphela isikhungo?

Kukholakala ukuthi, ezweni lami, kungaba abhekane neqiniso lokuthi esiteshini gas, okuyinto has idumela eliphezulu e abathengi inhlokodolobha sika, ethengisa fuel, ayifani izinga. Okufanele ukwenze kuleli cala? Izingxoxo nezakhamuzi zendawo kusukela phakathi abashayeli lapho uthanda ukusizwa. Noma ukubuka "ukuziphatha" izimoto ngezinombolo wendawo. Kwezinye iziteshi kunamathuba amaningi okuthi - kuyiqiniso.

Enye ubuhlakani: Ababongela abadlali ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile ngamazwi acacile "okunethezeka", "premium" ohlwini intengo esiteshini nophethiloli. Khumbula ukuthi Splurge ekukhangiseni isikhathi sethu, bayakwazi zonke. Bheka isizotha kancane: igama le-brand ngaphandle "Suites." ethulwa Ngakho izimpahla lapho asikho isidingo ukufakazela ukuthi kuyimfanelo futhi kungase kutholakale.

uphethiloli ipasipoti

Ukwakhela phezu kwasiphi amagalaji amaningi eliphezulu uphethiloli? Izibuyekezo zabantu ngezinye izikhathi kancane (ngezinye izikhathi kakhulu) eguqulayo nangezindlela. Ngokwesibonelo, engxenyeni engcono kakhulu kulezi ezintathu Shell inkampani. Kukholakala ukuthi lo mkhiqizo imvelo (oluhambisana Euro 4 amazinga) amazinga zifeziwe ekukhiqizeni GOST. Uhlelo fuel akuyona kungangcoli. Kodwa ungezwa ukuthi Shell (futhi "TNK"), kwezinye izimo, kwetfula uphethiloli is hhayi egcinwe ebanda kunazo ithangi amapulazi (abanikazi isitoreji izindawo sbagrivayut abalingani, uma sikubeka kahle, akuyona).

Ngakho-ke, amehlo, ukugxila, nokunakwa waphinda. Hlola indawo umthengi esiteshini igesi, funa passport uphethiloli. Uma fuel kuyathuthuka, it has umbhalo oseceleni. Ifunde, uma le nqubo kwenziwa ngokuvumelana GOST noma ngesisekelo ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe. Hlola ukuphepha kwemvelo, uqaphele igama umkhiqizi-zenkampane.

uphethiloli ingase iphelelwe isikhathi iphasiphothi (ngempumelelo izinsuku ezingu-10). Izibalo lokuqala ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi ziyancipha, ikhwalithi fuel uwela. Ungathathi amathuba, musa ukuthenga ngesikhathi goryuchku gas esiteshini ngaphambi bajwayelane idatha iphasiphothi. Lapho uhlobo idokhumenti ingeyona - lena isignali ukholo umdayisi ezimbi.

Musa ukuxosha, umshayeli, ngoba cheapness!

Cishe wonke umshayeli wesibili wake wacabanga ngomunye lapho ukuthenga uphethiloli ebiza kakhulu. Kuyisifiso ngempela kuyaqondakala. Kodwa imi ukugcwaliswa nomkhiqizo "ngenani enengqondo", cabanga: i GOST akunakwenzeka ukuba ezishibhile ngakho, futhi ekhiqizwa ngokuvumelana TU surely ukufakazela kakhulu ewusizo for imoto yakho. izinga imvelo Okokuthola kancane eqinile.

Ngokwazi ukuthi ezinye amagalaji esezingeni uphethiloli, yebo, amandla. Kodwa khumbula njalo ukuthi emadolobheni amakhulu ase-mbumbulu nophethiloli eliphansi incane, kude konke okusemandleni abo ukuba sihlale sivule amehlo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nesonto uphethiloli ungcono ku ngezimpelasonto namaholidi.

Hlola izinga. Bheka ukubukeka uketshezi oluvutha kalula, ukuvota umbala. Kukhona imibala ezinobuthi - yenza ngokuphephile, musa ugcwalise uphethiloli, ngisho noma intengo ezilingayo.

Mayelana umbala. Ochwepheshe bathi A-72, wasuka, ngesikhathi A-76 - Yellow, kusukela 93rd - orange-bomvu, lo wama-95 sifana COLOR juice esiswini (ophuzi). Nakuba kukhona labo thola ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala sengathi i-lemonade "Duchess" futhi ukungabaza izinga.

Yini inuka?

Kukhona isheke uma uyithinta. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuvuza uphethiloli esandleni (ohlangothini ezingemuva kuba more sensitive). Isikhumba esomile? Wena yokuthi wakhetha kahle. iminonjana okunamathelayo sihlale siyibo? Misa! Udizili ungeze kuka izinga ziyancipha. iphunga kubuhlungu ngempela - futhi babike lapho kuba khona izinkinga nophethiloli. Abashayeli okwehlela zifiki unake iyashaqisa lapho ukubamba iphunga irabha eshile kanye ne-chemistry.

Lezi amathiphu kuyokusiza ukuba aqaphele yekhwalithi ephansi amamaki uphethiloli, kodwa akuzona izindlela zokuhlola ephelele. Kukhona cwaningo zamakhemikhali, okungase kwenziwe ekhaya. izidakamizwa Test is batheleka ingilazi kusukela ingilazi futhi waphawula. Ezansi imali umule kwamiswa? Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi uphethiloli is ahlanganiswe carbon noma benzene.

Uma uthatha ephepheni, babeke phezu kwalo iconsi uphethiloli, lokhu shabalala ngokuphelele, ikhwalithi embi - izohamba umzila okunamafutha noshukela noma ezingcolile ucingo. Uma ashise iconsi - ezishile ahlanzekile benganakwa, noma kunalokho, izohlala umbuthano emhlophe. Ukuba khona ensundu ophuzi kubonisa ngokweqile resin. Ikakhulukazi abashayeli baqaphe aye ayisebenzisa kaningi ekutadisheni uphethiloli washisa imoto oyintandokazi, laboratories ekhethekile.

Siyaqhubeka ukuhlola

Ukuze lab futhi azifinyelelanga? Gcina ucwaningo siqu: sibone ukuthi iziphatha iconsi uphethiloli phezu ingilazi? "Guinea" agelezé ububanzi 5 mm? Ngakho, lo lokuhlushwa inhlaka therein 9-10 angu ngayinye namamililitha 100 (standard uphethiloli izinga - 7-15 mg).

Yephukela-30 kwangu? inhlaka okuqukethwe kudlulwe futhi ifinyelela mayelana 19 kuya 21 angu ngamunye engamakhulu namamililitha. ngokweqile yaphakade yalesi sibalo ngesigamu kunciphisa sempilo ngama-20%.

On umthamo wamanzi ekuhlolweni uphethiloli. Engeza isitsha zinhlayiya fuel potassium permanganate. Uma indlela yokwakheka ngeke ngokuvamile onsomi - kukhona H2O ngokweqile. Qualitatively, zinhlayiya musa ukuncibilikisa nophethiloli. Eliwumbhubhudlo uphethiloli phambili ezigugile inhlansi plugs, ukungcolisa imishini nophethiloli.

Beautiful elithi "ariometr"

Kanitelno? Kungcono-ke ukuze ufunde ukuthi aqaphele arcade uphethiloli eRussia lapho iziteshi ngokugcwalisa thola kube melula. Abantu abaningi bathanda ukusebenzisa yasekhaya uphethiloli gauge (ariometrom). Yiqiniso, ancike ukunemba idatha etholwe nalo, hhayi zinkulu. Kodwa uma ufuna ukuhlukanisa "ukolweni emakhobeni" futhi ukuchaza uphethiloli kanye diesel, le ariometr - okudingayo. Njengoba wayiveza le nkinga nophethiloli sithathe isikhathi lochwepheshe imoto ukuhlola.

Endabeni umonakalo ezokuthutha kanye nokulungiswa ngenxa ukumnika onesici, kokuba iziphetho laboratory mayelana nophethiloli yekhwalithi ephansi, bangafaka isicelo Federal Service (anikezelwe ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo abathengi ') kanye isicelo nokubuyiselwa izindleko lokubakhipha umshini esimweni ukusebenza.

TOP-10

Ukusesha, lapho kukhona esezingeni 95 uphethiloli ngasiphi amagalaji, abanye abashayeli ukwenza izibuyekezo, edlulisa expanses yeRussia. Ukuhlolwa wabonisa ukuthi amasampula abayisishagalombili sulphur nezidingo Class 4 (ambalwa okuyizinto eduze lesihlanu), ababili babonisa isigaba sesithathu (sikhuluma okuqukethwe sulphur). Ngakho akubona bonke ngakho edabukisayo. Uma ungeyena kusukela ngamaloli ukuze ifake uphethiloli, musa siphishekele cheapness, une zonke ithuba ukugcwala ehloniphekile 95-m, nganoma iluphi ekhoneni yezwe ungazange waqala uhlelo Wanderlust.

Wokudumisa "Gazpromneft" brand "uphethiloli Kirishi" (ukuhlolwa ukunikeza umphumela omuhle ezinzile). Eyokuqala yalezi has izitshalo ezimbili - eMoscow Yaroslavl, kokubili isiqinisekiso lomkhiqizo.

Ngisho nalezo zibalwa ku "top ten nesibindi» :, Shell kwaziwa kahle inkampani "TNK", "Rosneft". Ijwayelekile abaningi "TNK-BP", "Neste". AZS le mikhiqizo esekelwe fuel yasekhaya (ngaphandle - siwumpompe 98-th). Kodwa uqaphele: endaweni engafanele, noma "ngalesi sikhathi" kungenzeka kunemisebenzi iqiniso iphutha we oyifunayo futhi langempela - izikhalazo ku ikhwalithi amakhasimende.

izinga German futhi Russian

Kukhona inkampani encane "Statoil" kanye "PTK" abathengi ezinkulu, owaziwa, kodwa akunjalo ozithandayo. Ukuqoqa out uhlu izinga ngokwesilinganiso "Tatneft" (azinalo ipulazi tank) futhi "Bashneft" (kunesisekelo). Bahlukene phakathi kwesihlalo 10. Ngokuphathelene nokuhlolwa global, kukhona International Centre for Obhekela Division ngekhwalithi nophethiloli. Kukholakala ukuthi nqampuna umhlabeleli emhlabeni uphethiloli edayiswa eJalimane. Ngo yesibili endaweni Japan, eyesithathu - emazweni ayisithupha, kuhlanganise Austria, e-Estonia, Finland kanye Hungary, Sweden.

Kuyini, ikhwalithi uphethiloli, esiteshini gas kutholakala? Umbuzo uwukuthi kunalokho bokukhuluma. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kubalulekile ukuba banamathele isimiso 'eyodwa gas esiteshini - omunye umkhiqizi ". Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba zisebenze iziteshi ezahlukene, inqobo nje base uphawu. Kanti ezinye zithi isiteshi igesi encane futhi ungakwazi otovaritsya eliphezulu fuel, kanye okunethezeka fly. It kuphela ziyavuma!

Kubonakala ehlakaniphe kwabo ngifuna izimpendulo ezicacile zaleyo umbuzo kulokho amagalaji amaningi eliphezulu uphethiloli. Baqonde inkinga. Futhi uyohlale ukuthola ukushayela edingekayo emhlabeni expanses enkulukazi Russia.