Okuzenzakalelayo yezwe. Izimbangela nemiphumela

Akuwona wonke umuntu uyazi ezenzakalelayo ukuthi anjalo. Ngamagama alula lo mqondo kuchazwa yezindaba evamile. Leli gama kuyinto yinye ezikweletini. Kodwa ngokuvamile esifanisweni esisenze kule definition ezingajwayelekile, ngoba umqondo sokuba ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu has a incazelo iyincane. Cabangela eminye ukuthi ezenzakalelayo enjalo. Ngamagama alula sizama ukuchaza okushiwo umqondo.

amagama esemthethweni

Abantu abaningi abanamakhono abasebenza emkhakheni wezezimali, uyazi ukuthi lisho ukuthini okuzenzakalelayo. Ngaphansi le ncazelo, kuyaqondakala ukuhlukumeza yokuzibophezela inkokhelo eyenziwe umboleki yomuntu obolekisayo. Empeleni, ukwehluleka ukwenza kokukhokha ngokushesha ezikweletini noma ezinye imigomo yenkontileka. Ngokuyisisekelo okuzenzakalelayo - yiliphi uhlobo engeke izibopho izikweletu. Ekusebenteni, ngokuhumusha ewumngcingo umqondo. Abantu e igunya, ukucabanga kahle ukuthi kusho okuzenzakalelayo. Ngomqondo ewumngcingo, ngaphansi aqonde ukwehluleka central control unit kusukela izikweletu zabo.

Izici nezinqubo

izici zayo okuzenzakalelayo angabhekwa, ukuqhathanise ezikweletini. Esimeni se-ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu we lokukhokha komunye oyedwa (corporate noma yangasese) ayemkweleta unelungelo ukuba abophe amafa okweletayo sika. Ngakho ivala isikhala ngobuhlungu bokulahlekelwa kwakhe. Emazweni amaningi, ucabanga kuhilela inqubo eyodwa lapho ukukhokhela zonke izimangalo ukuba inkampani ezikweletini. Kuthathwa impahla kuleli cala kwenziwe ngokuhambisana umyalelo wenkantolo. Amafa eqoqelwe ndawonye futhi akhiwa mass yokuncintisana okuyinto kamuva wadibaniswa abakweletwayo igunya osungulwe ngokomthetho. Le nqubo angeke zisetshenziswe uma amazwe limenyezelwe ezenzakalelayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuboshwa impahla okweletayo kule isimo cishe ayinakwenzeka. Endabeni engcono, abakweletwayo uzokwazi ukumisa yezimpahla lukahulumeni, ngaphandle insimu yalo, kuhlanganise impahla nemali e-akhawunti angaphandle.

ngezigaba

okuzenzakalelayo uhulumeni kungaba:

1. Emalini ebolekwe ebhange.
2. On nezikweletu lwemali kazwelonke.
3. I izikweletu imali yakwelinye izwe.

Okuzenzakalelayo isimo kwemali lwemali kazwelonke kumenyezelwa kancane njalo kuka emalini ebolekwe angaphandle. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uhulumeni angakwazi ukukhokhela off izibopho yasekhaya udaba banknotes amasha.

Ingqikithi inqubo

Mshini esibangela okuzenzakalelayo yezwe kungenziwa amelwe ngesimo umjikelezo. Ngesikhathi sigaba sokuqala, ukuthi uhulumeni uyithathaphi ukufinyelela lula imithombo ngamazwe wezezimali. Bona, ikakhulukati, IMF, i- Paris Club of amabhange yangasese kanye bebhange olukhulu emazweni athuthukile. ochwepheshe Monetary Fund ukuncoma ezidinga neziphathimandla yesithembiso okusezingeni eliphezulu credit zenzalo. Ngakho bangakwazi ukuheha abatshalizimali. Ithemba uyabuya okusezingeni eliphezulu edonsela ngempela dolobha lembulunga yonke elinezinto ezinhlobonhlobo abakweletwayo ngalesi simo. Ziyakwazi kulula ukuze uthumele izimali beyofuna enenzuzo kakhulu utshalomali yesikhashana. imali yabo imali itshalwa kumasheya ezindawo ukuthengwa izibambiso esikhishwe uthi. Ngo ukumnika esiningi izimali ngokuvamile yesikhathi esifushane zimali uthole umphumela omuhle. Likhuthaza elite kazwelonke ukuthi uye ukhethe indlela kwesokudla ukuthuthukiswa. Ezimweni eziningi practice, isabelo lobuKhristu inhlokodolobha extra awufiki zomnotho, futhi zibekwe akhawunti yangasese izikhulu zikahulumeni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zonke ngesikhathi esifanayo yokukhokha kuqala. Kulokhu, uhulumeni, njengoba umthetho, ungakwazi kuphela ingxenye angabuyisela izikweletu kusuka izimali lalo. Ukuze afeze inkokhelo egcwele idinga imali ezimakethe ezifuywayo angaphandle. emazweni ambalwa kuphela labo abazokwazi e mibandela usimamise noma ukunciphisa izikweletu zabo. Nokho, Njengomthetho, esikweletini zangaphandle likhula ngokushesha.

umlenze wesibili

Phakathi sokukhula komnotho, abatshalizimali Bathembele wangempela ukukhokha imbuyiselo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ababolekisi usunikeza ukubolekisa entsha emazweni. Kodwa ngaleso ukubonakaliswa yokuqala kakhulu ngenxa yezinkinga zezombangazwe noma kwezomnotho, abatshalizimali ayisasebenzi. Amaphesenti ukwanda loan. Ngenxa yalokho, uqobo isikweletu esikhula ngokushesha. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ezenzakalelayo yezwe - kuphela endabeni isikhathi.

usizo lwezimali

Eziphuthumayo okunamathiselwe IMF izimali kungaba basindiswe kuphela isikhathi esifushane. Ngaphezu ngosizo lwezimali langempela Monetary Fund lucwaningo imisebenzi eminingana lapho inhloko-dolobha yangasese has ithuba ukuba ubalekele endaweni inkinga. Ababolekisi ngubani wasuka izimali zabo ngesikhathi, siyohlala win, ngisho noma kuthiwa izwe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Banakekela ukuze enze inzuzo inzalo kanye kabusha kwezikweletu. Ngenxa yalokho, noma kunjalo, kuyofika isikhathi lapho kungekho zimali elifuna ukutshala imali isimo inkinga, ngisho ngamazinga eliphezulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezimali refinance uhulumeni waphoqeleka ukuba ngimemezele ezenzakalelayo.

ukwehla

Livame ukusetshenziswa esikhundleni ukwehluleka ukufeza izibopho. i samuntu okunjalo ngokuvamile esetshenziswa emazweni ezinkulu emsebenzini yangaphakathi. Empeleni, lesi sinyathelo iyafana okumisiwe emalini ebolekwe yendawo. Kwezinye izimo, ngesikhathi esifanayo uhulumeni uthi ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu zayo kanye ukumehlisa.

Ukulinganisa ematfuba

Uhulumeni, ngokungafani inkampani yangasese, kungekho izitatimende zezimali, okungase ihlaziye. Kuzwelonke-ke kuyadingeka ukuhlola isimo salo lonke isimiso sezomnotho. Ngokukhethekile kufanele kukhokhelwe ratio nezikweletu e izimali zakwamanye amazwe kanye kazwelonke, inani izikweletu nenani lemikhiqizo yonyaka. Lokunye lokubaluleke ngalokulinganako ayizikhombisi micro ezifana GDP futhi yegolide, izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali. Ngokuhamba ukuhlaziya ezinjalo eziyisisekelo umbuzo nokwethenjelwa idatha kwezibalo sibi ezingaphezu kuka kokuhlaziywa abanamacala yenkampani ukubika. Lokhu ikakhulukazi ngokucacile abashe States ngokuveza nokukhuluma inguqulelo iminotho.

izindlela sokuhlaziya

Zonke izinhlobo kuhlola kwekusebenta kubukwe kwenzeke okuzenzakalelayo zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili:

1. Okwangempela - yalezi zindlela uvumele ukubala isilinganiso umgomo ngesisekelo imininingwane yezibalo.
2. Izindlela ngokusekelwe intengo emakethe izibopho, amasheya noma amagama ahlobene of izindinganiso kunqunywa kokuhlaziywa hlangothi futhi premium ingozi.

izibalo zangempela kubalwa nemvume. Ngokwe ukuhlolela ubungozi ke kunqunywa Amathuba ukulahlekelwa ezingase ziphakame kusukela zimali angaphandle. Ayanda isilinganiso yezwe, ephansi ingozi okuzenzakalelayo. ukuhlolwa okunjalo kubalulekile abakweletwayo ngabafokazi ukukhethwa ezindaweni kahle utshalomali.

Isilinganiso ivolumu ukuthekelisa esikweletini yangaphandle

Ukubala lokhu Inkomba kubhekwa eyodwa yezindlela ethandwa kakhulu sokuhlaziya. Yini uyakuba mkhulu le isilinganiso, ngcono okweletayo ukuba abuyisele izibopho. Kukhona ezahlukene kobukhulu nokuhlola le balokho okunikelwayo, kodwa kubhekwa izinga elemukelekile 20% noma ngaphezulu. Nokho, lokhu ochwepheshe sibalo abachazwa njengabavela elilungile. Nge isilinganiso 20% tembuso kutawuhlala eminyakeni 5 ukwenza zonke izibopho, ukuthumela ukuthekelisa nomholo ukubuyela ukubolekisa angaphandle. Kodwa njengoba ezimweni eziningi is kunakwe imali izinkampani eziyimfihlo, uhulumeni ziyophoqeleka ukuba okwaba ke ngokuphelele. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kulondolozwe nokuthengiswa ezingeni elifanayo iminyaka emihlanu akunakwenzeka. Futhi, isimo akakwazi ngokuphelele ukuthenga ukutakulwa, njengoba kungephula uhlelo kwamanye amazwe futhi ukungenisa-ukuthekelisa imisebenzi.

isabelomali

Isimo sakhe futhi ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlaziya solvency wezwe. Ikakhulukazi, it is kunakwe isilinganiso izinto ngenzuzo kuya isikweleti. Kulokhu, kufanele sithole ukuthi isabelomali salo uhulumeni ungathumela izibopho isevisi ngaphandle nzima isimo kwezenhlalo noma kwezomnotho. Njengoba i-income tax uba ngezinga elikhulu, ukubikezela isimo kuyodingeka ukuhlola kwezomnotho isimo nokuthuthukiswa amathemba. Ngemva lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze uhlaziye umehluko phakathi ukubaluleka etholwe kanye nenani langempela amashaji ku nenkathi ethile ukuzinikela inkonzo. Uma kuwukuthi esivuna isikweletu ukubuyiswa kwemali, uhulumeni kuyodingeka ichithe ama kwemali eyengeziwe.

Ekugcineni kuyomhambela kanjani uhluleka isimo kumkhakha wetemnotfo?

Lo mkhuba nomthelela ongemuhle emnothweni. Njengoba-Russia, kukhona, okokuqala kunakho konke, ukubaluleka amanani ruble iwe ngokucijile isihlobo kwezinye zezimali. amabhizinisi amaningi ayehilela e bathenge imikhiqizo angaphandle, ziyophoqeleka ukuba simise okwesikhasha noma siyeke ngokuphelele ukusebenza.

Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kusondele okumisiwe Ukraine. Ngaleso sikhathi samanje isimo esishubile kakhulu insimu yalo. Noma kunjalo, i-EU ukwesekwa, kuhlanganise ngokwezimali. Impendulo enembile kakhulu umbuzo yini Ukraine kusondele okumisiwe, izazi isilinganiso ejensi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokusho ukubala uMoody, isimo esibucayi 2000 wayengeyena ezimbi kakhulu zimali. Abahlaziyi ukulinganisa izingcaphuno Eurobond, owamisa ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu, enyangeni eyodwa emva ukwehluleka ukufeza izibopho. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ishintshela hryvnia kulindeleke. Naphezu kwesimo yezombusazwe nezomnotho engazinzile, uhulumeni uzama ukufeza izibopho.

Okuzenzakalelayo izakhamuzi

Mayelana ukwethulwa unswinyo ngokumelene Russian Federation, amaRashiya amaningi basesimweni ukwethuka, engazi ukuthi ukuthatha usongo esibucayi. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukwenqaba zangaphandle inkonzo izikweletu kwasekuqaleni kuzothinta isimo ruble. Kule ndaba, ochwepheshe batusa ukuqeda lwemali kazwelonke futhi ukuthenga wakhe lutho (ekhaya Imishini, ingcebo) abalulekile. Konke kuyoba ngemva okuzenzakalelayo, ahlasela ngesihluku ngesabelomali sabantu. Nge ukwehla ecijile ruble exchange rate bayovuka amanani ezidayiswayo. Imiholo kule angahlala okufanayo noma wehlise. Ngemva ungasakhokhi enengcuphe enkulu ukulahlekelwa imali ukonga. Experience akudingekile ikakhulukazi kulabo Finance is hhayi egcinwe akhawunti ruble. Izinkampani wahlanganyela ukuthengwa kwezimpahla phesheya, kungase lishona ezimalini, ukuze kuzodingeka uchithe abasebenzi. Abantu ne anikezwe ekuqongeleleni abahlaziyi belulekwa ukutshala lwemali uzinze noma igolide. Kuyazuzisa ingcebo zokuthenga. Prakthiza ebonisa ukuthi lapho besekuhluphekeni izindleko izindlu kuyehla okungenani kabili. Enye yezindlela ethandwa kakhulu ukulondoloza imali yabo namanje kubhekwa Ifaka ku currency angaphandle (US dollar noma euro). Nge usongo ukuqala simo esibucayi, uhulumeni kufanele athathe izinyathelo ezinqala ukuze usimamise uhlelo kwezenhlalo noma kwezomnotho.