I-Bolshaya Nikitskaya (eMoscow). UBorshaya Nikitskaya, 13: U-Conservatory

Phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet, eMoscow kwakukhona umgwaqo okuthiwa u-Herzen. Futhi abantu babengenayo imibuzo mayelana negama layo. Wonke umuntu wayazi ukuthi u-Herzen wayengubani, futhi ukuthi enye yemigwaqo ephakathi eyayibizwa ngokuthi udumo yakhe yabonakala njengento engokwemvelo ngokuphelele.

Ukubuya kwegama lomlando

Kodwa-ke kwafika ngo-1993, futhi umgwaqo wabizwa kabusha (kanye namakhulu abanye). Wabuyiselwa egameni le-pre-revolutionary - Bolshaya Nikitskaya. Futhi ngokushesha imvula imibuzo: bathi, kungani Nikitskaya, kungani Bolshaya? Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwalokhu kukhonjwa kuthiwa kungu-1534, lapho ibandla laseNikitsky lakhiwa eduze kweNkantolo yamaMama, eyayiyimbutho yokuqala yokuphatha yaseMoscow.

Ngubani owanikeze igama emgwaqweni

Kamuva ngo-1582, uNicita Zakharin (omunye wamadodana akhe waba nguPatricia Filaret, yena ubhekwa njengumsunguli womndeni waseRomanov), isakhiwo sezindela sase-Nikitsky esinikezwe isanta se-Orthodox, uNikita Gotsky esakhiweni esontweni lesonto. Ngemuva kokuthi abe yindlu yezindela zabesifazane, kuleli fomu futhi wahlangana ngo-1917. Njengoba isikhathi sidlulile, esinye isonto sakhiwa enkonzweni yamasonto ngokuhlonipha uNikita Wonder-worker (1833), futhi ngo-1877 - isonto elihlonipha uNikita uMarty Martyr. Mayelana nomgwaqo u-Nikitskaya ukukhulunywa kokuqala kubhalwe ngonyaka ka-1619. Lendlala endleleni yaseVolotskaya (kamuva i-Novgorod). Kuvele ukuthi, umgwaqo ubizwa ngokuthi yiSt. Nikita, futhi "omkhulu" ngoba ufana noMalaya Nikitskaya, oqala kusukela esigcawini sesango, ephethe igama elifanayo. Futhi ubude bayo bungaphansi kwebude bomakhelwane cishe izikhathi ezingu-2.

Ukubukeka okukhanyayo kwenhloko-dolobha

Yonke iminyaka eyalandela, umgwaqo uBolshaya Nikitskaya uphelelwe amandla, manje kuyisimangalo senhloko-dolobha. Kukhona ngisho nezinkambo ezikhethekile ezifana ne-"Know Moscow", oyala ukuthi, ungayazi kanjani eduze eduze kwetshe elimhlophe, izikwele zalo, imigwaqo kanye nezindlalelo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi indlu ngayinye ekhona emgwaqweni obuzwayo ingenani lomlando.

Kukhulunywa ngakho futhi emaciniso - ku-noTevolstoy's "Epula nokuthula" kaNowa Tolstoy. Enye yezindlu (manje inombolo engu-55) ichazwa njengendlu yamaRostovs. I-Big Nikitskaya ibhekwa, futhi ngakwesokudla, emgwaqweni ohloniphekile wenhloko-dolobha. Ezimweni zobukhosi baseRussia - futhi kukhona ezimbalwa zazo - ama-ambassade, imihlangano kanye nama-consulates emazweni amaningana atholakala. Iningi lezakhiwo ziyizikhumbuzo zomlando wesifundazwe futhi zingabokugcina "Povarskaya - Bolshaya Nikitskaya". Isizindela ngokwazo asikho manje, kuphela ingxenye yodonga lwaso.

Impahla ye-feudal

ERussia ye-feudal kwakukhona intela yentela. Abantu abayikhokha babizwa ngokuthi yimali yokwakha. Njengoba yayingakhokhiswa endaweni kanye nokudoba, le ndawo yayikhathazekile ikakhulukazi nabantu abavame ukwenza umsebenzi wokuhweba, ukuhweba okuncane nokuhweba. Abantu abahleliwe bahlukaniswe baba izindawo ezimnyama namakhulu amnyama. Ngesikhathi sokubukeka komgwaqo uhlangothi lwawo olungakwesokudla kwakungokwamakhulu angamakhulu amnyama okuthiwa i-Novgorodskaya. Kula mazwe, abantu bemizi bakha amasonto, okwaba amadala eMoscow. Lapha kwakukhona amasonto: Ukuphakama kweNkosi yethu "Omncinyane" noNicholas uMenzi Wezimangaliso.

Ubude bomgwaqo

Umgwaqo weBolshaya Nikitskaya uqala eManezhnaya Square, ukubalwa kwamakhaya kuvela lapha. Ekugcineni, kuya Kudrinskaya Square. Ubude obuphelele buyi-1.8 amakhilomitha. Cishe phakathi nendawo, emgumbini we-Great Nikitsky ne- Boulevard Ring, yiNtaba ye-Nikitsky ne-Square yegama elifanayo, elasehlukanisiwe phakathi kwekhulu le-17 lemigqa eyinhloko ezingxenyeni ezimbili ezihlukene - imigwaqo yaseVolotskaya neTsaritsinskaya.

Inhlekelele ebuhlungu yamasonto aseRussia

Njengoba kuphawuliwe, isakhiwo ngasinye singakhulunywa isikhathi eside. Indaba yokuqala, yebo, kufanele ihambisane nento eyanikeza igama emgwaqweni ngokwayo. Kodwa ayikho, yadilizwa ngo-1933. Khona-ke izakhiwo eziningi zenkolo zabhujiswa, futhi isakhiwo esihle, esakhiwa ngamathempeli abo amathathu nesonto - ubufakazi obungokomlando besikhathi esiyigugu - lwaphela. Futhi endaweni yesigodi esakhiwe kuyo kwakhiwa isakhiwo esisha futhi esiyidingeka kakhulu eMoscow, ikheli lakhe linguBolshaya Nikitskaya, 7.

Kuyini esiteshini sezindela eziqothulwayo

Yakhiwa ngo-1935 ngeprojekthi kaDF Fridman, owokuqala enqenqemeni yamandla kagesi kagesi, okuhlinzeka umsebenzi wezinkambo ezimbalwa eziphakathi kweMoscow - Filevskaya, Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya, Zamoskvoretskaya neSokolnicheskaya. Isakhiwo, esinezitezi ezine, sihambelana nawo wonke amazinga wokuqina. Yakhiwa ngokuqinile, amakhulu eminyaka. Izakhiwo ezisindayo nezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi zazisetshenziswa. Isakhiwo sinamafasitela amakhulu ahlinzeka ukukhanya kwemvelo ngaphakathi . Ibukeka bukhulu kakhulu, eholwa yinani elikhulu lamakholomu athatha cishe sonke isigaba. Umhlobiso wenziwe ngemifanekiso nemisindo ephansi. Konke lokhu okukhazimulayo kwenziwa ngesitayela se-burgess classicism, okusho ukuthi ochwepheshe bathi, kuhambisana nokuxoshwa kanye nokomile emhlobiso we-facade. Into ehlangothini lwesobunxele lomgwaqo.

Isiteji esiphakathi sokusebenza komculo we-classic

Esikhathini esifanayo saseMoscow ngenye iparele, ikheli lakhe linguBolshaya Nikitskaya, 13. IPI Tchaikovsky Conservatory, noma kunalokho i-Great Hall (izihlalo ezingu-1737), iyindawo enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni lapho umculo womculo owenziwa khona. Uyaziwa, okokuqala, yimincintiswano yamazwe omhlaba okwenziwe lapha. P. I. Tchaikovsky. Isakhiwo sakhiwa kusukela ngo-1895 kuya ku-1901, sakhiwa ngokuvumelana nomsebenzi kaVan Zagorsky-academician, omunye wabalobi betshe lesikhumbuzo ku-Alexander II Liberator eKremlin. Ukuvulwa okukhulu kwenzeka ngo-Ephreli 7, 1901, ne-orchestra eqhutshwa ngu-VI Safonov, umqondisi we-Conservatoire kusukela ngo-1889 kuya ku-1905. Futhi ngomyalo wakhe, umculi uN. Bodarevsky wenza izithombe ezingu-14 zabaqambi abakhulu baseRussia nabangaphandle, ababehlobisa izindonga zeHholo elikhulu.

Izombusazwe ezisabekayo

Ngesizathu esithile (mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi laba bakha amaJalimane) ngo-1953 izithombe zikaGluck, uMendelssohn, Haydn no-Handel zatshentshwa ngezithombe zikaDargomyzhsky, uRimsky-Korsak, uChopin noMusorgsky. Laba abadwebi abahle kakhulu bafanelwe le nhlonipho, kodwa emidwebo emibili eqoshiwe ngaphambilini elahlekile.

Ngo-1899, kwafakwa isitho esihle kakhulu ehholo, umlobi walo owayengu-Aristide Cavaillé-Colle, oyinhloko enkulu kunazo zonke zesiFulentshi futhi eguqulela le nsimbi. Kunabantu abambalwa abadumile emhlabeni abangenakukwenza ngalesi simo esibucayi, ngenhla okushiwo yi-N. G. Rubinstein.

Ngo-1940, i-XII USSR Chess Championship yabanjelwa lapha. Isikhumbuzo esihle kakhulu ePI Tchaikovsky, umsebenzi we-Vera Mukhina omkhulu, safakwa ngaphambi kokungena kwesakhiwo se-conservatory ngo-1954.

Konke kubuyela emuva evamile

Isakhiwo esikhulu se-conservatory ngo-2010 sabuyiselwa ngokukhululekile, inhloso yalo ukubuyisela okuphelele kwezingaphakathi zangaphakathi kwehholo kanye nezakhiwo zemfundo. Phakathi nempi, "i-Holy Cecilia" - iwindi elinesisindo esinezibuko ezinkulu kakhulu - labhujiswa. Manje libuyiselwe ngokuphelele. E-Conservatory yaseMoscow, naphezu kokutholakala kwe-imeyili, izincwadi zivela emhlabeni wonke. Kusobala ukuthi ukubhaliswa kuyadingeka ukuze uthole inkomba. I-Big Nikitskaya inezikhungo eziningi ezisemthethweni ezithola izincwadi eziningi. Ikheli leposi, isibonelo, le-Conservatory kanje: 125009, eMoscow, ul. UBorshaya Nikitskaya, 13.

Ukukhanga okuyinhloko

Kuzo zonke izikhangiso zomgwaqo kukhona enye, hhayi ukuthi akunakwenzeka. Lona ithempeli le-Ascension elikhulu. Ukwakhiwa kwalo kwaqalwa ku-1798 ekude, kepha isakhiwo esingaqediwe sashiswa ngokuphelele ngo-1812. Kwaqedwa ukwakhiwa kwaba ngo-1816, futhi ngo-1931 ku-refectory yaleli thempeli u-Alexander Pushkin omkhulu wayeshade noNatalika Goncharova. Isakhiwo senombolo 36 sisehlangothini lwesokudla seBolshaya Nikitskaya Street. I-Moscow yayizolahleka kakhulu, lesi sonto asikwazanga ukusinda.

Amagama amahle amakhulu

Akunakwenzeka neze ukugwema ukuthula komuzi lapho indawo yaseMayakovsky ikhona khona - enye ethandwa kakhulu enhloko-dolobha. Esizeni se-Zarubiniy-Efremov ifa elakhululwa ekubhubhisweni, ngo 1885-1886 indawo yaseshashalazini eyakhiwe, eyenzelwe ukuqhutshwa ngabadlali bezinye izihambi. Ngesikhathi u-AP Chekhov egula kakhulu futhi egulelwa ukufa, ngo-1899, yena kuphela esiteji salesi sikhungo sokudlala "Seagull" yaboniswa. Futhi emva kokuvuswa kwakukhona indawo yokuvakasha ehambelayo, umqondisi wezobuciko owawuyiMeyerhold. Okunye okufanele ukushiwo yizakhiwo ze-Zoological Museum ne-Helikon-Opera lapha.

Ul. Big Nikitskaya kancane kancane uba umbuso. Ngakho-ke, i-consulate yaseGibhithe kanye nama-ambassade aseSpain, eBrazil naseMyanmar sebeqedile lapha.