Chillon Castle: isithombe, ikheli, amahora okuvula. Umlando we-Chateau de Chillon

Amakhilomitha amabili nengxenye ukusuka edolobhaneni elincane laseMontreux (eSwitzerland), ogwini lolwandle oluhle iLake Geneva, isakhiwo esihle kakhulu. Lona yinqaba yaseChillon. Ungabona isithombe sakhe kulesi sihloko. Lesi akusona isakhiwo esisodwa, kodwa isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, esakhiwa izakhiwo ezingu-25 ezakhiwe ngezikhathi ezahlukene.

Lona ukukhangwa okudume kakhulu futhi okuvakashelwa kakhulu kweSwitzerland ethokomele futhi enokuthula. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye (1816), uJeor Byron omkhulu wamchaza enkondlweni ethi "The Prisoner of Chillon". Ngemva kokukhululwa, le nqaba yaba yithandwa kakhulu. Futhi namuhla izinkulungwane zezivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba ziza lapha.

Umlando we-Chateau de Chillon

Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwedokhumenti yalesi sakhiwo esimangalisayo kubuyela emuva ku-1160. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi abaningi-izazi-mlando zine umbono ohlukile kulokhu. Baqiniseke ukuthi isiqiniseko , esakhiwa ukuze sivikele izindawo ezisemqoka, sakhiwe hhayi ngaphambi kwekhulu le-IX.

Ngenxa yezobulungiswa, kufanele kuthiwe ukuthi izitatimende ezinjalo zisekelwe kuphela kolwazi olutholakala ngokutadisha okutholakala kulo mhlaba - izinhlamvu zemali zamaRoma nezithombe zemifanekiso. Umbhalo oqoshiwe wokuba khona kwenqaba yaseChillon ngekhulu le-IX ngesikhathi okwamanje.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi indawo yenqaba yakwazi ukulawula ngokugcwele umgwaqo owaxhuma izingxenye eziseningizimu nasenyakatho ye-Old World. Kungenzeka ukuthi iziqhingi nezinqaba zingadalwa lapha ngisho nangaphambi kwesikhashana kunalokho izazi-mlando zikholelwa. Namuhla, ngemuva kwenqaba ungabona umgwaqo obaluleke kakhulu obalulekile. Kuyiqiniso, manje lokhu akusiseyiyindlela, kodwa umgwaqo omkhulu ngama-pylons (ukuphakama kwamamitha amahlanu), onobuso obukhulu kakhulu be-asphalt. Namuhla ixhuma amazwe amabili aseYurophu: i-Italy neSwitzerland.

Ukwandiswa kwenqaba

Kodwa emuva kumlando. Ekhulwini le-XII, inqaba, eyakhiwe eduze nendawo yeChillon, yaba yindawo yomndeni waseSavoy. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-13 kuye kwaba yindawo yokuhlala esemthethweni yamaDukes. Emiyalweni kaPeter II kusukela ngo-1253, ukuvuselelwa nokwandiswa kweChriston Castle kuqala. Umsebenzi wahlala iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu (kufika ku-1268 g). Kwakukhona ngalesi sikhathi ukuthi isigodlo sathola ukubonakala namuhla okujabulisa izivakashi zayo.

Zonke izakhiwo ezisemqoka, kanye nezandiso zenziwe izitayela zeGothic ne-Romanesque. Enqabeni kwakukhona amakamelo ahlotshiswe kahle okuhloswe ngawo wonke ama-dukes, namagumbi okudlela okunethezeka.

Izimfihlo zamagodlo esigodlo

Ngesikhathi esifanayo wabonakala kuwo kanye neziboshwa ezimbi, okwamanje nanamuhla ziyesabisa izivakashi zendlunkulu yaseChillon. Bashintshwa waba yisigwebo esikhulu, lapho iziboshwa zazibekwe khona ezimweni ezibulalayo.

Abavakashi baqhutshwa yiLake Geneva neChillon Castle. Izinto zeSwitzerland zihle kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, umuntu kufanele azi ukuthi kule ndawo inani elikhulu labantu abangenacala lifile.

I-Chillon Castle yakhethwa ngabahloli. Emagodini akhe amnyama imini nobusuku, izigqila zahlushwa. Ngakwesokudla emagcekeni akhe, abesifazane bashiswa, okuyinto iNkantolo eNkulu yamaKhotho eyayitshela ngobulovu.

Njengoba wazi, ngo-1348, iYurophu yahlasela isifo esiwumshayabhuqe. Abacwaningi nabaphathi (abanikazi be-castle) basolwa ngamaJuda walesi sigameko, abashiswa yizinkulungwane emotweni, okwakushisa ngisho nasebusuku.

Izakhamuzi zaseChriston Castle zazwakalisa ukukhala kwamaKristu ashona. Iphuzu liwukuthi basolwa ngokuthi babuthi ngamanzi kuwo wonke amachibi azungezile. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kubulawa kwaba yinkomba yeJalimane, lapho ngemva kokuqothulwa kwala maJuda kwaqala. Ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi, mhlawumbe, kwakungokoqobo kwalezo zendulo zasendulo ukuthi imizwa yama-anti-Semiti engqondweni yamaJalimane yaqina.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inqaba yalahlekelwa ukubaluleka kweqhinga, kodwa ijele lakhe lahlala lisebenza isikhathi eside. Emagodini ayo kwakuyizigebengu eziyingozi kakhulu. Labo abaphikisana nombuso wamaDukes of Savoy babhekwa njengalokho.

Isiboshwa esiyingqayizivele

Eminyakeni engaphezu kwemine etilongweni equkethe uFrancois Bonivar. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi wayeboshelwe emgodini enezintambo ezinomvutha. UBonivar wayeyindoda eyayifisa ukulondoloza izwe lakhe elibhekene nokubhekakade kusuka kubaphathi bama-dukes-tyrants. Indaba yalesi siboshwa saseChriston Castle yaphefumulela uGeorge Byron ukuba ibhale inkondlo engafi.

Ngokuqondene nesiphetho esizayo seBonivar, kungabizwa ngokuthi kuyamangaza. Akazange nje abulawe, kodwa futhi wakhululwa, nakuba kwenzeka ngemuva kokuthunjwa kweChillon Castle ngababhikishi baseBernese. Iminyaka emine eboshiwe yokuboshwa esekuqaleni. UBonivar waphila ngemva kwalokhu isikhathi eside futhi ngenjabulo, wabhala umlando waseGeneva waze washada izikhathi ezine.

Incazelo yenqaba

Njengoba sesishilo kakade, namuhla ukukhanga okuyinhloko kweSwitzerland yiChillon Castle. Amasiko, ubuciko, ukwakheka kwezwe kuhlangene nalesi sakhiwo esihle. Ukubheka imibhalo esaphila, ekhulwini leshumi nesishiyagalolunye beza lapha ukubona inqaba engavamile, abahamba ngezinkulungwane ezingaphezu kwekhulu abayizinkulungwane ngonyaka.

Yini ongayibona enqabeni?

Kukhona izivakashi ezinhle lapha, kuhlanganise naseRussia. Ukubona okumangalisayo kweSwitzerland kusuka ekuphakameni okufana nomkhumbi wemikhumbi. Iqoqo elihle elinamakhemikhali, izinganekwane zasendulo ezixhunyaniswe neziboshwa zalo futhi, empeleni, imvelo enhle ayikwazi ukumangala ngisho nezivakashi eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Izivakashi eziseqenjini lingakwazi ukujwayelana nje nomlando walo ophawulekayo nezikhumbuzo eziyingqayizivele zokwakha, kodwa futhi ubone izindawo zendoda yasendulo etholakala ngesikhathi sokucwaningwa kwemfuyo. Abalando-mlando bakholelwa ukuthi bangabaseBronze Age.

Ukuhamba nxazonke enqabeni

Uhambo oluya enqabeni yaseChillon ukubuyela emlandweni ode kakhulu, ngoba, ngaphezu kwesiqiniseko ngokwawo, ungabona amanxiwa e-postpost, evikela uMbuso WaseRoma. Phakathi nemibono eyayiseduzane nendlu, kwakhiwa izakhi ezithakazelisayo - izifanekiso zonkulunkulu amaRoma ayezikhulekela, futhi i-capitol ingcuka. Ngalokhu kutholakala, izivakashi zithola ithuba lokubona umbhoshongo wenqaba, lapho umyuziyamu uhlonywe khona.

Ukuhamba ngesikebhe eLake Geneva, ungabona izindonga ezinezintambo nemibhoshongo emikhulu. Kumele ngitshele ukuthi kulaba bantu abaxoshiwe baxoshwa ngokungajwayelekile, kaningi kakhulu kubo baxoshwa ezigodini zelwandle leziboshwa zasetilongweni. Akumangalisi neze ukuthi lesi sifo esiyisikhathi eside asizange sishiye iChillon Castle: amanzi aseChibi laseGeneva eduze nenqaba yayiyisifo esiphezulu sezifo.

I-Chapel

Lena enye yamakamelo amahle kakhulu enqabeni. Amapulangwe alo namadonga asalokhu enza umdwebo oyingqayizivele owenziwa abaculi abavelele kakhulu bekhulu le-14. Lona kuphela isakhiwo esingakhange sonakaliswe ngesikhathi sokuthunjwa kweqhwa ngabaxhasi bemibono yezombusazwe kaBonivar.

Ukuze ubuke konke okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokuphelele, isivakashi kungenzeka singabi nanele ngosuku olulodwa. Amakamelo okudlela angenakubalwa, amakamelo ama-dukes ahlotshiswe ngokucebile, amahholo amane amakhulu lapho umbono ophawulekayo weLake Geneva uvula ... Konke kudinga ukucatshangelwa okuningiliziwe.

Intshisekelo yendabuko yezivakashi ibangelwa ekamelweni lika-Count kanye "nombhede wengane" osekuyo. Ungacabangi ukuthi izivakashi zinesithakazelo esikhungweni somntwana. Iqiniso liwukuthi kulezo zinsuku ezindala abameleli beklasi eliphezulu babengalali phansi. Balala behlezi endaweni ehlezi, ngoba kwakucatshangwa ukuthi izidumbu kuphela ezikwazi ukulala amanga.

Iziqondiso zendawo zithi iningi lezivakashi, naphezu kobuhle obungavamile bamahholo namagumbi okushisa, basheshe bazitholele emaphoyiseni ase-castle. Njengoba ukushiwo okushiwo, abantu abaningi abakhubazekayo bakholelwa ukuthi phakathi namakhulu eminyaka bazwa ukukhala okubuhlungu kwabantu abafa ngokuhlukumezeka okukhulu. Ekuhambeni ungaya ezinqabeni. Manje zivaliwe nemigoqo ngezizathu zokuphepha. Noma kunjalo, inikeza umbono oqhakazile weLake Geneva.

Ikheli kanye nemodi yokusebenza

Sithemba ukuthi abafundi bethu abaningi bafuna ukwazi ukuthi iChillon Castle ikhona kuphi. Khuluma nabo: Veytaux, Suvis, Avenue de Chillon, 21. Namuhla kuvulwe ukuvakasha nokuvakashelwa komphakathi. Eduze nomonakalo kukhona indawo yokupaka izimoto kanye nokuma kwebhasi.

Nsuku zonke, ngaphandle kukaDisemba 25 noJanuwari 1, uzothola i-Chateau Castle. Amahora wokuvula:

• Kusukela ngo-9: 00 kuya ku-19: 00 (kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuSepthemba);
• Kusukela ngo-9: 30 kuya ku-18: 00 ngo-Okthoba;
• Kusukela ngo-10: 00 kuya ku-17: 00 Novemba-February;
• Kusukela ngo-9: 30 kuya ku-18: 00 ngoMashi.

Ilokhi yeka ukwamukela izivakashi ngehora ngemuva kokuvalwa kwehhovisi letikiti. Lesi sikhathi akwanele ukuhlola okuyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuba eze lapha kusengaphambili ukubona konke okufanelwe ukunakekelwa.

Sikulethile enye yezindlela ezithakazelisayo kakhulu eSwitzerland enhle. Sithemba ukuthi uzoba nesifiso nethuba lokubona lesi sakhiwo esiyingqayizivele ngamehlo akho.