Yano-Indigirskaya lowland kanye nezici zayo

I-lowland, esenyakatho yeYakutia, insimu ye- permafrost enezici ezihlukahlukene zokuphumula. Lezi ngamachibi e-thermokarst, amabhugi, njll. Ngokuvamile, le nsimu iyi-tundra.

Mayelana nokuthi indawo ephansi ye-Yano-Indigirskaya itholakala, mayelana nomhlaba, mayelana nezici zezitshalo nezilwane, mayelana neminyaka neminye imininingwane, ungathola kulesi sihloko.

Kancane kancane mayelana neziqhingi

I-Lowland iyithafa elikuphakama kwalo akudluli 200 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Njengomthetho, izindawo eziphansi zimelela ngisho nomhlaba wonke, ezakhiwa ezincane zasolwandle, emifuleni naselwandle. Zitholakala ekuthunjweni okukhulu nezincane, futhi zingaba ngamapulatifomu esiteshini nasezintweni ze-intermontane. Kumele kuqashelwe lapha ukuthi isifundazwe saseCaspian, esisezweni laseRussia, singaphansi kwezinga le-World Ocean.

Esinye isici sezindawo eziphansi, ikakhulukazi ogwini, ukuthi ngokuvamile banabantu abaningi. Futhi ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi abantu bakhulise ngokwanele indawo yomhlaba yalezi zindawo (ngokwesibonelo, eHolland abaphangi).

Indawo, ububanzi

Leli zwe eliphansi livela eBuor Haya Bay kusukela entshonalanga kuya e -Indigirka River empumalanga, futhi insimu yayo ihlala endaweni enkulu yaseYakutian Arctic.

Izixhumanisi zendawo ye-Yano-Indigirskaya lowland - 46.602075; 39.230506.

Insimu yezintaba ihlala endaweni engaphezu kwamakhilomitha angamakhilomitha angama-600 eseduze nendawo engaseningizimu yolwandle lwaseMpumalanga Siberia naseLaptev. Futhi nansi i-delta enkulu eMfuleni i-Yana kanye nasezindaweni ezincane zemifula emincane (i-Indigirki, i-Omoloy), egameni laleli zwe eliphansi elibizwa ngegama eliphansi.

Amafomu, ukukhululeka

Intaba yaseYano-Indigirskaya inomumo wenyanga. Engxenyeni enkulu kakhulu, ububanzi bayo buyiamakhilomitha angu-300, ukuphakama okulinganiselwe kufinyelela kumamitha angu-30-80 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle (kufinyelela kumamitha angu-100).

I-Lowland yindawo enkulu enamanzi, esenyakatho-mpumalanga yeSiberia. Ngokubambisana neKolyma Lowland engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga yeYakutia, emgodini weBolshaya Chukochya, eAlezeya nasebhange elingakwesokunxele kwezingxenye eziphansi zeColyma, yakha indawo encane ebizwa ngokuthi i-East Siberian.

Kwezinye izindawo, kunamaphekula asele asetshenziswe ngamadwala omdabu, aphakeme ngamamitha angu-558 (lokhu ukuphakama okuphezulu kwe-Yano-Indigirskaya lowland).

Ubudala, isifundo

Indawo echazwe ibonakala ngokutholakala kwezigaba eziningana ezisekelayo nezengxenye ze-Neoplestocene yobudala, eziqukethe izinsalela zezilwane ezincane ezingavamile. Lezi zigaba zacwaningwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene ngabososayensi abafana no-AA Bunge (noma uChersky, ngo-1891), u-VF Goncharov, u-BS Rusanov (ngo-1968), no-NK Vereshchagin (1977) .).

I-Lazarev PA iphenya ngezinsalela zezilwane ezincane ezisezintabeni kusukela ngo-1970 kuya ku-2000. Ezinye izingxenye zeCenozoic sekwephuzile zifundwa kahle futhi zichazwe ezincwadini zesayensi, kodwa zikhona nezigaba lapho indawo engakaze ifundwe kuze kube sekupheleni.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ithola izinsalela ezindala kunazo zonke izilwane zasemhlabeni nezimila (i-Neveretocene sekwephuzile) zitholakala ezindaweni eziphansi.

Yano-Indigirskaya lowland: izici zendawo, inhlabathi

Kulesi siqhingi kukhona ichibi elibizwa ngePavylon. Ivela kulezi zindawo zaseSiberia ezinamabhilidi angavamile emagqumeni ukuphakama kusuka kumamitha angu-200 kuya kwangu-300.

Okuvame kakhulu lapha kukhona amadokodo aqedwe amaqhwa namafomu okusiza ama- permafrost . Ngokuyinhloko, i-lowland yenziwa ngamanzi ahlukahlukene, olwandle kanye nemifula emifudlana eneqhwa eliphakeme lamaqabunga amatshe ngenxa yokusabalalisa kwe-permafrost kulezi zindawo.

I-Lowland inezici zayo (kunezimbalwa zazo). Lezi zihlanganisa ama-thermokarst ezitsheni (ngamanye ama-alases) anemifula, amachibi, lapho kuqhuma khona izibhamu eziningi zokuvuna. Futhi, eduze nolwandle, imifula namachibi, ungabheka i-Baygarahi hillocks nenhlabathi ye-polygon. Lezi zindawo zitholakala enhlabathini ngendlela ye-micro-and mesorelief (ubukhulu buvela kumamitha amaningana kuya kwamamitha angamakhulu amaningana). Zinezinkomba zama-polygons, amabala, izindandatho, imibuthano, nasemithambekeni - iziqephu.

Yano-Indigirskaya iziqhingi: geography, izilwane

Indima yefriji yemvelo lapha edlalwa i-permafrost, eyalondolozwa izinkulungwane zeminyaka izinsalela zezidumbu ezibandayo zama-mammoth kanye nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezinsukwini ze-glacial. Le ngxenye yeSiberia enkulu - enye yezinhlawulo ezigcwele kakhulu zezilwane ezincane.

Ngokuqondene nokuguguleka kwezindawo zasogwini eduze kwamachibi nemifula nokufudumala kwamagwini olwandle, ukudonsa nokulahlekelwa kwemali yesilwane esidala kunazo zonke kwenzeka njalo ngonyaka.

I-Flora: uxhumano nezilwane

Isiqhingi saseYano-Indigirskaya esikhathini se-glacial kwakuyisikhala esikhulu se-tundra-steppe kanye nemifino enotshani enothile kakhulu. Konke kungenzeka, ngaphansi kwezimo ezihle kakhulu, inani lezilwane zamammalia lifinyelele ubukhulu obukhulu. Kwakuwukuphela kwe-neo-pleistocene.

Ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kunazo zonke e-Arctic, kwakhiwa ama-niches, emele izingibe zemvelo, lapho "amathuna" awakhiwa khona. Kuye kwafa ukufa okukhulu kwezilwane zasendulo kakhulu.

I-shrub ne-moss lichen tundra iqhubekela phambili ogwini, futhi engxenyeni eseningizimu yezigodi zomfula kunehlathi elingavamile lamahlathi.

Engeningizimu yeziqhingi ezisezigodini zemifula kunezindawo zehlathi, eziqukethe i-larch engavamile.

Namuhla, kule ndawo yaseSiberia, kunezinhlobo zezilwane ezijwayelekile kulezi zindawo ezifana ne-tundra ne-tundra. Ungathola lapha kanye nezinye izitshalo ezibalwe eNcwadini Ebomvu Yakutia. Ngokuyinhloko, i-birch, i-willow, i-kayander, i-aspen, i-stilt, i-sedge, i-hawthorn, njll ikhula. Phakathi kwezinhlanzi, i-bream, i-sterlet, i-roach, i-pike, i-sid, i-pike, i-perch nezinye eziningi zivame kakhulu.

Abantu

I-Yano-Indigirskaya lowland isifunda esiqine kakhulu se-Arctic yaseRussia. Umkhuhlane ehlobo uvela oLwandle lwase-East Siberia, kanye nolwandle lwaseLaptev. Futhi umoya wobusika uletha imimoya yaseningizimu ephuma eziqhingini zaseYakutia, lapho phakathi nalesi sikhathi sonyaka khona amaqhwa amaqhwa. Ngakho-ke, bambalwa izitshalo ezingasinda ezimweni ezinzima kangaka.

Lapho amaphayona aseRussia efika kulezi zifunda ezibandayo, iziqhingi azizange zishiywe nhlobo. Kulezi zindawo ezikude, i-Evens neYukagirs bahlala isikhathi eside. Kodwa abantu bendawo lapha bebelokhu bebancane kakhulu.

Abantu basendaweni bahlanganyela ekuzingeleni, ekudobeni nasekuzaleni ama-reindeer.

I-Surov yilo zwe elingenakufinyeleleka, kodwa ngendlela yalo elihle futhi elingavamile.