Inani labantu base-Chelyabinsk esifundeni: labantu, umsebenzi, kuvikeleka kutenhlalo

Ngale-Ural, emngceleni waseYurophu nase-Asia, elise Chelyabinsk esifundeni. Lezi amazwe idume yimvelo ehlukile, umkhakha esindayo enamandla kanye nabantu. Umphakathi we Chelyabinsk esifundeni inama ozalwa kanye lapha amathalenta ezifana V Zhukovsky, D. uMendeleyev, I. Kurchatov.

Isimo sendawo Chelyabinsk esifundeni

Le ndawo itholakala esifundeni esise-Ural maphakathi naseningizimu, phakathi enjalo omakhelwane emikhulu njengoba Sverdlovsk, Orenburg, Kurgan Region, Bashkortostan naseKazakhstan. Indawo esifundeni ayizinkulungwane 88,5 sq. M. km. Okunengi endaweni iyatholakala kwi Zauralskaya Plain kanye West laseSiberia Plain, ihlanganisa ingxenye encane emthambekeni empumalanga yezintaba zase-Ural. Impumuzo kwendawo wendawo wehlukile kakhulu: kukhona izintaba, amahlathi, amachibi amagquma namathafa. Iphuzu esiphezulu kule ndawo - Mount Nat (1400 m). Isifunda amumethe imithombo yamanzi, umfula inethiwekhi ahlele emifuleni ezintathu ezinkulu: Kama, Tobol futhi Ural. Nazi sifinyelela yabo engenhla, ngakho imifula akuzona ngisho ukuthi amandla, okuyinto engavamile kubo kwezinye izifunda. Kodwa imithombo yabo eminingi nemingenela ukulethela ezinhle kwamanzi esifundeni.

Sekukonke zikhona cishe 500 emifuleni notshwala ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Le ndawo zinothile namaminerali. Imayini ye Magnesite, graphite, talc kanye dolomite esifundeni kuyinto monopolist eRussia. Kukhona futhi wathola futhi ithuthukiswe uwoyela negesi Amasimu. Ohlukile Chelyabinsk esifundeni ukuthi itholakala khona izingxenye zemvelo 4: ihlathi, asemaqeleni, ehlathini-asemaqeleni kanye ezintabeni ehlathini. Ngakho-ke, ocebile kakhulu yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene, kanye zikhona izimo ezivuna ukutshala izitshalo ezihlukahlukene. Lezi izimo ezikahle ziye zaba nomthelela yokuthi kukhona kakade isikhathi eside abantu ixazululwe.

Climate futhi imvelo

Chelyabinsk esifundeni itholakala ezwekazini sezulu zone nge eside obubandayo nehlobo ashisayo iDemo. izintaba Ural ungayeki ukuba ukungena esifundeni ngendiza quba Atlantic Ocean kanye kugcinwa kahle anticyclones ezivela e-Asia. Isilinganiso lokushisa ubusika lokususa 17 degrees ehlobo - plus 16. labantu Chelyabinsk esifundeni iminyaka eminingi ingashintshwa ngempumelelo sezulu sendawo futhi ufunde sikhule esifundeni, eziningi imikhiqizo yezolimo.

Lemvelo endaweni lapho inombolo enkulu izinkampani ezikhiqizayo asebenzayo namafektri, Kubangela ukukhathazeka. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinsizakalo zezempilo zithi bonke uhla evamile, Nokho, emnyango emadolobheni amakhulu kungabonwa ngeso lenyama. Futhi abantu bathi eziningi umule emoyeni ukuthi luhlala ku kwato tonkhe tifundvo.

Hlola umlando

Abantu bokuqala ensimini ka yesimanje Chelyabinsk esifundeni uvele kwenkathi Paleolithic. Ngo 17-16 eminyaka BC. e. lapho yayikhona impucuko yesiqalo ephathelene nokudabuka-urban, izikhumbuzo basendulo kungabonwa esiqiwini "Arkaim" nokudilikelwa Hypatian. Enkathini yangaphambi kwezincwadi ezintsha lapha njalo wahlala amaSkithe Sakas futhi Sarmatians. Kamuva sithathelwe indawo Huns, Turks and protomadyary. Kulesi sikhathi izwe nokuquleka Mongol-Tatar impi, le ndawo yabizwa ngokuthi ingxenye umbuso wabo. Indaba omusha uqala ngekhulu le-18, lapho ukwakhiwa Chelyabinsk inqaba. Ngo 1744, izwe lase liba ingxenye yesifundazwe Orenburg. Kamuva, bazitholela kwakuxhunyaniswa amayunithi ahlukahlukene zokuphatha. Kuphela ngo-1943, esifundeni yazuza ezakheke zamanje. Umphakathi we Chelyabinsk esifundeni kutsi bahlanganyele zonke izenzakalo zomlando wezwe, futhi namuhla le ndawo kuyingxenye ebalulekile emnothweni Russian.

Lesi sigaba nezokuphatha umuzi Chelyabinsk esifundeni

Chelyabinsk esifundeni (ngokuvumelana th 2006 isimemezelo) ihlukaniswe yaba 16 izifunda zasemadolobheni kanye 27 izifunda zomasipala. Emkhakheni amadolobha 27 futhi 1244 emizaneni bonke osayizi. Uma sicabanga labantu Chelyabinsk esifundeni emzini, kungaba kuqashelwe ukuthi ngobukhulu kule ndaba imizana esifundeni yiwona amadolobha afana Chelyabinsk (abantu abangu-1.2 million) kanye Magnitogorsk (abantu 417 000). Ezinye izindaba zika-nemizana lincane kakhulu kunenani labantu abakhileyo. Amadolobha nge labantu 100 200 ayizinkulungwane ezintathu kuphela: Zlatoust, Miass, Kopeysk. amadolobha amaningi amancane esifundeni elinabantu esingaphansi 20,000. Ukuphathwa, okuyinto obangela zokuvikeleka komphakathi labantu Chelyabinsk esifundeni, ukubukela Dynamics inani izakhamuzi futhi uthi lolo kukhona ukuthambekela ukwehlisa isibalo abakhileyo nemizana elincane esifundeni. Izakhamuzi emizaneni ngokwethukela bathuthela emadolobheni beyofuna umsebenzi.

Dynamics labantu

Ehlelekile ukuqapha labantu esifundeni Chelyabinsk esaqala ngo-1959. Khona-ke wahlala abantu abayizigidi ezingu-2,976 esifundeni. Kuyo yonke le minyaka engu-30 ezayo esifundeni likhula, futhi ngo-1991 kukhona izakhamuzi eziyizigidi 3.7. Njengoba yokwakha kabusha iqala isikhathi eside ukwehlisa isibalo sabantu esifundeni. Iminyaka engu-20 kuba siye sancipha ngamaphesenti abantu abayizinkulungwane 300. Kusukela 2012, waqala ukukhula kancane, futhi abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi 3.5 namuhla, labantu Chelyabinsk esifundeni. Ukwanda enkulu ngesikhathi esifanayo ukukhombisa emadolobheni amakhulu ase-esifundeni: eChelyabinsk Magnitogorsk.

endaweni umnotho

Isifunda sikhombisa intuthuko yezomnotho esitebeleni. Bhizinisi elaliphambili kukhona womshini emkhakheni yokusansimbi, isiqoqi sama-softwe, amakhemikhali umkhakha, amandla, electronics, umkhakha zenuzi, kanye isevisi wemboni nokucutshungulwa. Ukuziqhenya endaweni - amabhizinisi Metallurgical esifundeni Ubuye 16 amabhizinisi ezinkulu ezimbonini, okuyinto ukukhiqiza ngu-60% steel wezwe. 9 amabhizinisi ezinkulu umshini-ukwakha usebenza ngesisekelo ukukhiqizwa ayo steel. Employment IHhovisi Chelyabinsk esifundeni sabantu ilinganisela ukuthi kuyo yonke imikhakha zokukhiqiza kule ndawo kuhlala 48% of the abakhileyo esifundeni. Umnotho isifunda Kancani-kancani ikhula e ingxenye yokudla kanye kumasevisi. ezolimo Local ubhekana ekuqinisekiseni okusemqoka ukudla zesifunda: imifino, isinkwa, inyama, imikhiqizo yobisi.

umsebenzi

Izibalo zibonisa a imisebenti lesimeme we Chelyabinsk esifundeni. Ngo-2016, izinga eliphezulu labangasebenzi nxazonke 2%, okuyinto ebonisa ezinhle kwesilinganiso sikazwelonke. A ezihlukahlukene yokukhiqiza izitshalo ikuvumela ukuba uthole umsebenzi njengoba kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe futhi ukuzibhala, kokubili amadoda nabesifazane. Inkinga zomnotho kuleli zwe kancane nzima umsebenzi, ngakho izinga lokungasebenzi wanezela 0.5% ngonyaka. Nokho, izibalo zibonisa ukuthi emadolobheni amancane nasemaphandleni operation kuba amancane, okuholela zabasebenzi ukufuduka. Abahlali kuthiwa isabalaliswe ngaphakathi esifundeni: ezihambayo emadolobheni. Ingxenye labantu kwenza kulolu hambo nsuku zonke futhi bebuya emsebenzini edolobheni.

I ezahlukahlukene nabanamsiko labantu Chelyabinsk esifundeni

Kwabantu esiphezulu sabantu esifundeni kubonisa Chelyabinsk - abantu mayelana 2.200 ngamunye 1 square. km, Magnitogorsk, lokhu ipharamitha abantu mayelana 1,000, futhi endaweni isilinganiso ukwanda kwabantu - 39 abantu kuphela ngamunye 1 sq. km. kwamangqamuzana ngokocansi phakathi nabakhileyo esifundeni esifanelana kwaba ukuthambekela okunamandla lonke: at 1594 abesilisa zaba abesifazane 1884. isimo kuqhathaniswa evumayo ezomnotho kulesi sifundazwe kunomthelela yokuthi labantu Chelyabinsk esifundeni kancane kancane ngezicabha. Izinga lokuzalwa eminyakeni yamuva kuye esekhulile, kodwa basalokhu bengakakwazi zikufice yangenyama. Ngakho-ke, kukhona Dynamics okuncane engakhi inani nabakhileyo esifundeni, kodwa isimo silondoloza ukufuduka.