Ngasemdeni ke ka-Asia neYurophu: indaba yokufunda futhi isici zamasiko nezomlando

Umbuzo yalapho kudlule nasemkhawulweni ka-Asia neYurophu, ososayensi nesithakazelo eminyaka. Isizathu salokhu akuyona nje Ukuvuselela njalo ulwazi izitshalo, nezilwane yokwakheka komhlaba izwekazi lethu, kodwa futhi isici esithile zezombusazwe kanye nezenhlalakahle.

A indima ebalulekile welithi "umngcele ye-Asia neYurophu," ukudlala Ural, kanye umsebenzi ososayensi XVII-XVIII eminyaka. Njengoba-ke kwaziwa kahle phansi ukuhlola asebenzayo kwamazwe Oriental Ural kubhekwe umngcele omkhulu phakathi Russia nase laseSiberia Khanate. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, izakhamuzi zendawo, futhi abanikazi bamakoloni waphawula umehluko okukhulu yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene, okuyinto baphawula phezu emithambekeni ehlukene zokhahlamba.

Imingcele eYurophu nase-Asia ebalazweni phakathi XVIII okulungiselelwe eFrance, kakade ehlukanisa la amabili izingxenye zomhlaba, nakuba mhosha ohlukanisa izimo ezimbili okwanele ngisho womhlaba njengoba uhlamvu wezombangazwe nasekuphileni okuvamile. Eqinisweni, le indatshana lokuqala yesayensi ngale ndaba kungenziwa ziyimisebenzi abacwaningi Swedish Filippa Stralenberga, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1730. Kulesi indatshana Amakhasi engaphezu kwamashumi amabili aye abazinikele yokuthi kuba Ural futhi iyindawo lapho Ngasemdeni ke ka-Asia naseYurophu.

cwaningo Cishe kanyekanye ngomsebenzi Swede BakaJehova eRussia ishicilelwe VN Tatishchev, sekuyisikhathi eside abahileleka ukudalwa izitshalo izimayini, uye wabonisa isithakazelo esikhulu encazelweni kwendawo yesifunda Ural. Ngokusho kwakhe, wakwazi ukufakazela Stralenberg ukuthi endaweni yezintaba zase-Ural futhi iyona mhosha ohlukanisa eYurophu nase-Asia. Kusukela kulo mzuzwana ukuhlinzekwa Kwahlwa Axiom.

Umngcele phakathi eYurophu nase-Asia kumephu kuyinto ijika ethakazelisa kakhulu. Ngakho, ngokwengxenye yayo esenyakatho eyayiwuphawu is esikhulu ngokuphelele ngasemngceleni weRiphabhulikhi Komi, Yamal-Nenets futhi Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous avtonomnyy. Lokhu kufakazelwa iqiniso lokuthi zonke emfuleni entshonalanga lo mugqa awela uMfula iVolga, nasempumalanga - ku ob.

Khona-ke, kudlule nasemkhawulweni ka-Asia neYurophu yedlula Perm futhi Sverdlovsk izifunda, engena phakathi wokugcina emva isitimela "Asian" esiteshini. Ngemva kwalokho, eyayiwuphawu kuziwa Birch Intaba, ukuvula ke eYekaterinburg. Kuleli umgwaqo manje ine uphawu ezimbili ikhumbuleke - asebegugile umgwaqo omusha eMoscow, okuyinto ebonisa nakangaka, kodwa akekho kubo ncamashi emngceleni.

Ngakho, iposi ubudala itholakala eningizimu nje. Into wukuthi iziboshwa, ababecindezela ukusebenza eSiberia, it is lapha ethi Some Russia, wafuna ukuthatha nge ingcosana ezweni lakubo. Kuyinto endaweni kubhekwe a nakangaka futhi wamvakashela ngo-1737, ikusasa uMbusi u-Alexander II. Uphawu amasha ababekela ngo-2004 "inhlokodolobha Urals", futhi kuvumelana umngcele womhlaba. Kodwa yalesi sizathu kuyinto prosaic ngaphezulu: kule ndawo isimo sikuvumela ngokuya izivakashi edonsa nokuthuthukiswa kukhona ingqalasizinda zonke kunesidingo.