Memory: ngezigaba kanye izinhlobo inkumbulo

Memory kuyinto inqubo engqondo ehlanganisa nokuhlanganisa, olondolozela nokukhiqizwa okwalandela kolwazi. Ngenxa le misebenzi bunikezwa ekulondolozweni kwabantu.

ucwaningo umlando

Lolu cwaningo lokuqala inkumbulo waqala endulo baxhunywe ukuze inqubo yokufunda. EGrisi lasendulo nje ngokwesibonelo, kwakuyisiko ukuba singaphethi ngokuthi ulwazi singena ekhanda lomuntu ngesimo izinhlayiya ezithile ezibonakalayo, kokushiya izinyathelo kule ndaba ezithambile zobuchopho bumba noma wax.

Ngemva kwalokho, umsunguli we "wokubacindezela" imodeli isimiso sezinzwa, Descartes bakha umqondo wokuthi ukusetshenziswa njalo okufanayo yezinzwa (amashubhu eziyize, ngokuvumelana Descartes) kunciphisa ukumelana yabo ukunyakaza "isilwane imimoya" (ngenxa ukunwetshwa). Lokhu, kuholela ekwakhekeni ngekhanda.

Esikhathini-yalolucwaningo 80. Ngekhulu le-19 uH Ebbinghaus inikeza linendlela yalo ukutadisha imithetho okuthiwa inkumbulo okumsulwa. I reception kwakuwukubamba ngekhanda umbhedo amaqoqo ezinhlamvu. Ekugcineni baba Curves ngekhanda, kanye amaphethini athile isinyathelo mshini Association. Ngokwesibonelo, kuye kwatholakala ukuthi ikakhulukazi ngokuqinile zikhunjulwe izenzakalo eziye kwagxila elinamandla kumuntu. Ukwaziswa okunjalo kugcinwa ngokushesha futhi unomphela. Ngokuphambene, kubaluleke ngokufanayo idatha yomuntu (ngisho noma ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngokuya okuqukethwe) kumemori, njengoba umthetho, ingangeni egcinwe okwesikhathi eside. Ngakho, H. Ebbinghaus asebenza okokuqala kuma-ukutadisha inkumbulo indlela yokuvivinya.

Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kuya phambili inkumbulo inqubo uzama ahumushe by Isifaniso ekusebenzeni kwe zinsizakuphila mechanical, ezifana iselula, sicophamavi, yekhompuyutha, nabanye. Uma sithola isifaniso nge ubuchwepheshe besimanje, kukhona icala memory computer ngezigaba.

Esikhathini esikoleni yesayensi zokuchaza begazi yesimanje asetshenziswa ukuhlaziywa izindlela ngekhanda. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye izinhlobo inkumbulo isibaluli ngesisekelo yamangqamuzana: ulwazi imprinting inqubo kuhambisana nokwanda okuqukethwe izinzwa ubuchopho acid nucleic.

Ukwahlukaniswa inkumbulo

Psychology kusekelwe indlela yokunquma elandelayo ukwabiwa izinhlobo inkumbulo:

1. Ubunjalo umsebenzi engqondo linqoba:

• motor,
• okwenyanga,
• ngokomzwelo,
• logic ngamazwi.

2. Isimo izimpokophelo:

• kabi amandla akhe,
• okungalindelekile.

3. Isikhathi kokungathembeki / ukulondoloza impahla:

• esifishane,
• yesikhathi eside,
• nokusebenza.

4. Sebenzisa izinsiza mnemotechnical:

• ngqo,
• umlamuleli.

Ubunjalo umsebenzi linqoba kwengqondo imisebenzi

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi zonke izinhlobo inkumbulo okuhambisana naleli umbandela, musa sodvwa bese uxhumana eduze nomunye, Blonsky wembula imininingwane ezithile kohlobo ngalunye:

• Motor (motor) inkumbulo. Ukwahlukanisa inkumbulo kulokhu siqondiswe predominance eyodwa noma nezinye izinhlangano zenkululeko. Ngokwesibonelo, lolu hlobo kubalulekile ekwakhiweni ezisebenzisekayo kanye motor umsebenzi (ukuhamba, ukugijima, ngokubhala, njll). Uma kungenjalo, uma ukuqaliswa isenzo motor siyobe baye baba njalo ukuthuthukisa futhi. Ngakho lapho ikhona njengenkampani ezithile amakhono ukumelana ingxenye idatha (isib, omunye wethu wesandla isitayela yokudla ingalo ngoba ukubingelela, ngendlela yokusebenzisa Cutlery njll) kanye oluyingozi (kuchazwe kuka ukunyakaza kuye ngokuthi isimo).
• inkumbulo Shaped. inkumbulo ukugcina ngezigaba okuhloswe ngazo kusukela umbono modality ehamba phambili (sibonwa, sokuzwa, olfactory, gustatory, ethintekayo). Ulwazi ziqondakala indoda ngembikwekutsi, emvakwekutsi obumba imemori image udlalwa kakade ngesimo izethulo. izakhiwo ezithile okufanele izethulo lihlukene futhi bungacaci ukungazinzi. Ngakho, umfanekiso kabusha imemori kungaba ngokuphawulekayo zihluke yokuqala yalo.
• inkumbulo Zosizi. Kubonakaliswa inqubo ukukhumbula baveze imizwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu kule umsebenzi ngokwengqondo kwe-ngamunye, ngoba imizwa ngokuyinhloko eyobonisa isimo ngezidingo zethu futhi izithakazelo, ubudlelwane esinabo emhlabeni ngaphandle. Imizwa olutholwa kithi esikhathini esidlule bese ilungiswe imemori ke enze kithi njengoba motivators / antipobuditeley ukuba izenzo ezithile. Kulokhu, njengoba ifomu langaphambilini, imizwa, kabusha imemori ukuba ezibonakalayo sihluke yokuqala yayo yasekuqaleni (kuye ngokuthi ushintsho imvelo, okuqukethwe kanye ukuphoqa nakho ezithile).
• inkumbulo Verbal futhi okunengqondo. Okuhloswe ngaso ukuba ikhumbule imicabango ngabanye (ecabanga kokufunda le ncwadi, okuqukethwe ingxoxo nabangane bakho, kanye nabanye.). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusebenza umcabango akunakwenzeka ngaphandle iqhaza amafomu kwetilwimi - kungakho igama layo liyi: inkumbulo lwamazwi okunengqondo. ngaleyo ndlela inkumbulo Ukwahlukanisa kuhlanganisa zenyathi eembili: uza nini kubalulekile ukukhumbula kuphela lokho okushiwo iSikhumbuzo impahla ngaphandle kabusha eqondile bamphelezele ngamazwi; lapho kudingekile njengoba inkulumo ngokwezwi nezwi ngomlomo imicabango ethile.

Imvelo izimpokophelo

• inkumbulo ezingafanele. Ehamba iqhaza intando e inqubo yokubamba ngekhanda, ukuhlanganisa nokukhiqizwa ulwazi oluthile.
• inkumbulo okungalindelekile. Ukugeleza izindlela eyinhloko inkumbulo sihamba ngaphandle amandla, ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo amandla ukukhumbula inkumbulo okungalindelekile kungaba kokubili ezilulana nezingelutho, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokungenasizathu esitebeleni.

Isikhathi kokungathembeki / containments

Main inkumbulo ngezigaba ngokuvamile njalo zihlanganisa ukufanelekela isikhathi.

• inkumbulo esifushane. Unawo Imininingwane ngemva kokuqedwa okuqonda yayo (isinyathelo izitho umqondo yamaholo ezifanele) amasekhondi mayelana 25-30.
• inkumbulo yesikhathi eside. Kuyinto imodi evelele ukugcina ngamunye yakhelwe ukugcina ulwazi isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu lwazi isetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngumuntu.
• RAM. Zibekwe ngolwazi oluthile ngaphakathi izixazululo elihambisana umsebenzi wamanje. Empeleni, le nkinga futhi inquma ngokucacile RAM esimweni esithile. Ukwahlukanisa inkumbulo futhi lihlotshaniswa isikhathi nombandela. Kuye ngokuthi izimo yenkinga ingaxazululeki kwimemori Imininingwane isitoreji isikhathi zingahluka kusuka imizuzwana ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Ukusebenzisa izimali mnemotechnical

• inkumbulo okuqondile. Ukwahlukanisa inkumbulo kulokhu Kwenziwa ngombono khona / ukungabikho ezithile imishini osizayo transceiver. Lapho ngekhanda inqubo eqondile wenziwa ngqo beqonda imiphumela emizimbeni impahla imizwa ngabanye.
• inkumbulo umlamuleli. It eziqhutshwa yilo Mnyango usebenzisa ngabanye amathuluzi akhethekile amasu e inqubo ukugcina baveze impahla.

Ngakho, phakathi ngokwayo nolwazi ukuphrinta yayo isixhumanisi eyengeziwe esetshenziswa inkumbulo. Njengoba lezi amayunithi aqhuba izimpawu ezikhethekile, ifindo, cribs, njll