GRP - Iyini? Isakhiwo GRP

Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene yizinkomba zezomnotho, okungase kubhekwe efanele. Kodwa akuwona wonke zaziwa townsfolk elula. Futhi lo mbuzo, "GRP -? Iyini le" Akuyena wonke umuntu uzokwazi ukunikeza impendulo ozwakalayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uqonde ngesihloko elukhuni kanje, kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ubunjalo kanye isakhiwo saleli Inkomba.

Gross Regional Mkhiqizo

GRP ingachazwa njenge-index kufinyeta uhlobo ephawula ezomnotho endaweni ethize futhi inqubo ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla nezinsiza ngokukhethekile.

Ukuze ushicilele idatha GRP ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa amanani emakethe. Nokho, kumiswa le Inkomba futhi kusetshenziswa intengo eziyisisekelo. Kulokhu, umehluko oyinhloko kuzoncishiswa isamba intela inetha imikhiqizo (emalini uxhaso kwimikhiqizo). Uma sikhuluma izifunda of Russia GRP ngamanani eziyisisekelo, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi isamba of value added ngomsebenzi kwezomnotho.

Ukubaluleka umkhiqizo okwedlulele yesifunda

Ukuze kahle ukuhlola isimo somnotho we CIS, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinkomba ezithile, okuyinto izoveza ukhiye ugesi izinqubo. Futhi uma sicabangela GRP Russia, kungashiwo wagomela ukuthi lesi sibalo kubaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulu uma kucatshangelwa ukuzimela okwandayo ezifundeni.

Iphuzu eliyinhloko ukuthi njengesisekelo ukuhlolwa okubanzi lohlobo generalizing izimfanelo umnotho emakethe lungacacisa Sna (Isimiso National-Akhawunti) kanye CDS (uhlelo lwama-akhawunti lesifunda), okuyinto kuliragelo okunengqondo wokuqala. Kuhlelo lokuqala, isikhundla yokhiye elalihlala omkhiqizo, ngesikhathi CHP, ngokulandelana, yesifunda. Ngakho isiphetho elula esisiza ukuba uphendule umbuzo othi "GRP - Iyini?": Ngaphandle le nkomba akunakwenzeka ukwakha CHP, ngakhoke ukuhlaziya egcwele isimo somnotho esifundeni kanye nasezweni lonke futhi akunakwenzeka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amandla in kulenchubo yekuhlolwa komnotho.

Amagama angukhiye

Okokuqala kubalulekile ukuthola ncamashí ukuhlelwa okungukuthi intengo eziyisisekelo, esixoxe kabanzi ngazo ngenhla. Leligama lisetshenziswa ukuchaza ukubaluleka ukuthi umenzi eliyibiza iyunithi ikakhulukazi izimpahla ikhumbula uxhaso ngemikhiqizo, kodwa kungafaki izintela.

Ngaphansi ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla namasevisi kudingeka ukuba uqonde izindleko zabo Imininingwane, kwakheka ngenxa yomsebenzi ukukhiqizwa umhlali okuyinto. Ukufakwa kukhiqizwa futhi ithengiswe yomkhiqizo release engenayo emakethe intengo langempela. Uma sikhuluma izimpahla unsold, afakiwe nase-ukukhululwa ngesikhathi ayisilinganiso emakethe. Lokhu isici, kanye nezinye, kule ngxenye, kantsi sicuketse loku isakhiwo GRP.

Kubalulekile ukuba banake izinkomba ezifana ukusetshenziswa Lesisemkhatsini. Kulokhu sikhuluma intengo nemisebenti kanye netimphahla kudliwe ngokugcwele noma aguqulwe inqubo ukukhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esithile.

Kukhona futhi izindleko ezihlobene ne-ukusetshenziswa sokugcina GRP. Zakhiwa izinkomba ezifana izindleko zikahulumeni kumasevisi collective ngabanye, kanye nezindleko wamakhaya ukudliwa sokugcina. Lokhu sigaba zingafaka bachitha izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo ukuthi kunezigidi ezenza inkonzo emakhaya.

Njengoba ibalwa GRP Russia

Kunezindlela eziningana ukuze kutholakale umkhiqizo lesifunda okwedlulele.

Le nkomba ingabalwa ezingeni imikhakha kanye nezimboni. Ngenxa yale njongo, indlela zokukhiqiza, okuyinto kunciphisa ukuhlonza umehluko phakathi okukhipha kwezimpahla namasevisi kanye ukusetshenziswa Lesisemkhatsini, kwakhiwa okuyinto kusukela izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu ukubala kwenziwa ngaphambi uzobe emalini esinqunyiwe dolobha ukusetshenziswa.

Ukuhlaziya indlela GRP - wukuthi, futhi uwuchaza kanjani-ke, kunengqondo ukuba banake kumiswa le nkomba esigabeni ukukhiqizwa. Kulokhu, it is a isamba ukubaluleka okwedlulele wanezela, obadalwa imisebenzi wonke amayunithi umhlali zezikhungo, etholakala endaweni kwezomnotho yesifunda. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kuleli cala awacatshangwa izintela net ngemikhiqizo.

Imithombo esetshenziswa ukubala

GRP emazweni CIS ibalwa usebenzisa imithombo elandelayo kolwazi:

- Izitatimende izinkampani ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa amasevisi kanye nemikhiqizo ye ukukhiqizwa, kanye nezindleko zomkhiqizo kwethulwa;

- ezikhethekile kwesifunda futhi ekhethekile isampula survey;

- amarejista izinkampani.

Uma uthinta amarejista izihloko kabanzi, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ziqukethe ezihlukahlukene ulwazi, kufaka phakathi indawo yebhizinisi. Kuyinto lolu lwazi esetshenziselwa ekwakhekeni ekhethekile yokubika kwezibalo izinkomba ayisihluthulelo izinkampani esifundeni.

Indlela yokukhiqiza sibalo

Ngaphambi kokuthi udlulele indlela uqobo, kuyafaneleka ukuthi GDP lengenako akunakubangelwa izinkomba komnotho omkhulu. Kungaba kubhekwe emazingeni eziningana: ukukhiqizwa, isizukulwane engenayo kanye, yebo, ukusetshenziswa ukuqhutshwa.

GRP at esiteji ekukhiqizeni isetshenziswa ukuchaza value added, eyasungulwa enihlala inqubo ukukhululwa kwe-ngezimpahla nezinsizakalo ngaphakathi ukubika esikhathini samanje.

Ikhumbula esiteji imali, kuyafaneleka ukuthi kuleli cala, i-GDP lengenako ibalwa ngokungeza imali eyinhloko etholwe enihlala inqubo ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla. Lesi samba basakaza phakathi abahlanganyeli inqubo ukukhiqizwa.

Ngokuphathelene ekubalweni GRP esiteji ukusetshenziswa engenayo, nakhu kukhombisa lemali kwezindleko kuyo yonke imikhakha emnothweni kazwelonke ku olwenzeka ezilinganiselwe futhi ukusetshenziswa, kanye nokuthengiswa net kwezimpahla namasevisi.

Calculus iwukusakaza

GDP capita bendawo ngasinye (okusho ukuthi izifunda) ingabalwa at the stage of kumiswa imiholo yabantu. Kulokhu, le nkomba ingachazwa njenge isamba iholo eyinhloko ukuba zisakazwe lezakhamuzi, ukubamba iqhaza ngqo inqubo ukukhiqizwa.

Leli qembu kungafaka imali elandelayo wathola enqubeni ukukhiqizwa:

- Ukukhokhwa izisebenzi waqasha (izakhamuzi ze-non-abahlali). Lokhu kubizwa ngokusentshenziswa amaholo ngo uhlobo futhi imali ikhokhelwa nabasebenzi waqasha for umsebenzi wabo. Kulokhu, ikhumbula zonke izamba ezicela ukuba abasebenzi ngaphambi kokuba bayakhishwa kusukela izintela amaholo imali nezinye ezibanjwayo. Amarekhodi zithathwa nezinkokhelo eminikelo umshwalense ukuze izimali zomphakathi.

- inzuzo Gross futhi engenayo okuxubile, okuyinto eyatholakala ngoba ukusetshenziswa waboleka zezimali futhi okungezona yezimali amafa non-zikhiqize inqubo yokukhululwa izimpahla.

- izintela Net ekukhiqizweni futhi ukungena, iyona imali kahulumeni. isakhiwo GRP kuhlanganisa timphawu. Kulokhu, ngaphezu nemixhaso, izintela kwimikhiqizo ziyabhekelelwa izinhlobo zentela, eziphathelene amayunithi ukukhiqizwa abanengxenye inqubo ukukhiqizwa.

Indlela ukusetshenziswa lokugcina

Lena ngenye indlela kokubala umkhiqizo okwedlulele yesifunda, okuyinto kufanele kubhekwe ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo "GRP -? Iyini le". Kulokhu, kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula isimiso ukuthi GRP yinani lika imali yizakhamizi okuhloswe ngazo ukusetshenziswa sokugcina.

Ngaphansi ukusetshenziswa yokugcina libhekisela ukusetshenziswa izimpahla namasevisi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ngamunye kokubili abantu kanye nezidingo lilonke umphakathi.

Izindleko ezihlobene ukusetshenziswa yokugcina zihlanganisa amayunithi zezikhungo, ezihlobene imikhakha eminingana komnotho: yasekhaya umnotho futhi uhulumeni ahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlangano ukuthengisa uyazifeza izidingo zabo.

Impendulo isobala: ukuze uthole isithombe esiphelele umnotho endaweni ethize kanye nasezweni lonke leli nani njengoba kudingekile ukuze kubhekelelwe GRP. Kulesi umsebenzi kulula zikhona izindlela eziningana kuhlaziywa le nkomba, kuye ngohlobo zokutadisha.