Udokotela wengqondo Anna Freud: A Biography nesithombe

Anna Freud, izithombe kanye Umlandvomphilo ethulwa kulesi sihloko - indodakazi elicinathunjana Freud sasho nomkakhe uMarta. Wazalelwa 1895, Disemba 3. Ngaleso sikhathi isimo zezimali zasekhaya kwakunzima, ngokushushiswa nangobunzima yasekhaya yashubisa kokuzalwa umntwana wesithupha. UMarta Freud self-led yasendlini, kanye ukunakekela izingane. Ukuze amsize endlini Freud sika wathuthela Minna, udadewabo. Waba umama yesibili Anna.

Ithonya uyise

Sigmund waphoqeleka ukuba basebenze kanzima. ngamaholide kuphela, wathola indlela yokukhulumisana nezingane zabo. Uyise ka-Anna kwaba indondo eliphakeme kokubonwa. Wazama kuye ukuba ngcono.

yokufunda

Ngo-1901, u-Anna wangeniswa esikoleni esingesona esikahulumeni. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili engifundela khona Wadlulela ku abantu. Khona-ke u-Anna Freud babhaliswa ngasese esikoleni esiphakeme. Noma kunjalo, kwakungakabi akwanele elilodwa ukuze prodlozheniya ukuqeqeshwa eyunivesithi - kwakufanele kuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme. Imfundvo Lephakeme Anna akuzange wathola.

Kokuhlukana Sophie

Ukuze uthole intombazane isibe ezibucayi 1911. Khona-ke washiya endlini kayise, Sophie, udadewabo. Kwaba ozithandayo kayise, futhi eziningi izivakashi zayo ngokushesha wathandana lentombazane. Sophie futhi Anna wahlala kwelinye ikamelo futhi banobungane kakhulu. Lapho Sophie washada, Anna wayesenze amaphutha neminyaka engu-16 ubudala. It kakade isidlulile ezivivinyweni Lyceum. Owesifazane bahlushwe umbuzo kanjani lonke ikusasa lakhe siqu. Wayengeyena enhle, owacabanga ngisho yena kanye nobuntu Homely intsha maximalism.

Ukuhambela ezinye izindawo, ngokuqhubeka nemisebenzi imfundo nokufundisa

On iseluleko Sigmund waya ukuhamba ukuze kuvimbanise nobuhlungu engqondweni yokuvela entsha. izinyanga 5 Anna wachitha e-Italy, futhi ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, waqhubeka nemfundo yakhe. ukuhlolwa kokugcina wedlula ngo-1914, futhi eyingoduso eminyakeni 5 esilandelayo yomsebenzi wokufundisa.

Ujwayele psychoanalysis

Sigmund waneliswa career indodakazi yakhe. Wakhomba intombazane e izinhlamvu kuphela ezimbili ukuntula kwayo - overreliance ku ukunitha futhi ekhothamela indlela omi ngayo. Anne ukuzwa psychoanalysis kuyise lapho eseneminyaka engu-13 ubudala. Kamuva, njengoba indodakazi yakhe esiqotho, Sigmund bamvumela ukuba khona ezinkulumo zakhe ngisho ngesikhathi yokwamukela iziguli. Esikhathini kusuka ngo-1918 kuya 1921 wayemhlonipha ukuhlaziywa uyise. Lokhu kwaba kokunikezwa kwe-izimiso zokuhle psychoanalytic, kodwa Sigmund igunya akazange avumele abalandeli bakhe ekushesheni yabo obala.

Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, amadodana Freud sika bayiswa empini, indodakazi yakhe sishadile. Anna iyona kuphela izingane wahlala noyise. Wayehlale umkhwenyana.

Ipumelelo wokuqala

Kusukela ngo-1918, wathatha ingxenye International Psychoanalytic Congress. Ilungu "Psychoanalytic Publishing House" (uMnyango ngesiNgisi) waqala ngo-1920. izithakazelo wakhe axhunyiwe ngamaphupho nokucatshangelwayo. Anna zihunyushelwe ncwadi German "amaphupho nokuvuka" J. Varendok.

Ngo-1923, u-Ana wavula umkhuba wakhe siqu. It yafakwa endlini lapho uyise wathatha iziguli. Ngu Sigmund wafika abadala, futhi Anna wabasingatha abantwana. It kungokwalabo wakhe credit Kwabiwa ebuntwaneni psychoanalysis njengenhlangano isiqondiso ezimele practice. Rethinking umqondo kayise, u-Anna Freud uye wagxila zonke ezithebeni le ngane. Phela, akusiyo kancane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho ngaphezulu abadinga usizo futhi bahlupheke e-ngendlela efanayo njengoba umuntu omdala.

Kobunzima emsebenzini okhokhelwayo

Ekuqaleni Ngakubona eziningi nezinkinga emisebenzini yabo professional Anna Freud. Biography kwakungasebenzeki imakwe bezama ukuthola imfundo yezokwelapha. Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela bekulokhu isithiyo ukuqashelwa. Zigmund Freyd psychoanalysis kuchasiselwe kunalokho kwengqondo kuka emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Nokho, lo mqondo futhi akugcini lapho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi abahlaziyi waba imfundo yezokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, ukungabikho Anna wakhe wabheka kusimo abalulekile. Ukuze-ke akazange athumele iziguli. Le ntombazane bekuzomthatha nabantwana abangane babo nezihlobo bavuma. Kwembula ubunzima ukusebenza seziguli ezisencane. Abadala babenesithakazelo ukwelashwa kanye uzimisele yokuyikhokhela. Nokho, ingane kwaholela abazali sika-Ana, kuyilapho ngokuvamile bephikisa intando yakhe. Izingane ngokuvamile ezingezwakali, wayengafuni ukukhuluma, ukufihla ngaphansi kwetafula. Lapha futhi ewusizo Anna yazuza nemfundiso nesipiliyoni: wakwazi ukuhlela abafundi ukuba yena. Utshele izindaba zami iziguli ukujabulisa, babungaza begxilile, futhi uma bekungenjongo ezidingekayo, futhi asheshe athole ngaphansi kwetafula ukukhuluma kancane nenkani.

Usizo uyise

kungazelelwe Anna Freud wathola ngo-1923 ukuthi Sigmund unomdlavuza. Waya ukuhlinzwa, nzima ukopha esindayo. Anna wathi Sigmund udinga usizo ukuze athole ikhaya. Ukuze usekele uyise, wafaka imizamo ozinikele. Freud sasho kakhulu sibonga Anna owakwazi ukuphila kwenye engu-16. 31 efike wahlinzwa khona. Indodakazi yakhe wabheka emva kwakhe, futhi kwathatha iminyaka engaphezu nengxenye enkulu sebhizinisi. Anna azenzile at congresses ngamazwe esikhundleni Sigmund, uthethe umklomelo wakhe, wayefunda imibiko.

Ubuhlobo D. Burlingame

EVienna ngo-1925 kwavela D. Burlingame-Tiffany. Le ndodakazi abacebile usozimboni kanye umsunguli Tiffany Admirer of Sigmund Freud. Wafika ngezinyawo nezingane zakhe ezine, kodwa ngaphandle umyeni wakhe (nabo wayenencekukazi ubuhlobo ngingakhululeki). Anna Freud waba umama wesibili ezinganeni zakhe, kanye nomshana wakhe - umntwana Sophie sika, owashona ngo-1920. Wayedlala nabo, ehamba, waya yaseshashalazini. D. Berling ngo-1928 bathuthela endlini Freud BakaJehova kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe (1979) babehlala lapha.

Incwadi yokuqala

Ekupheleni kuka-1924 kwaba unobhala Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute Anna Freyd. Izingane psychoanalysis - ngesihloko ezinkulumo othisha, wayifunda ngalo ngaleso sikhungo. Incwadi yokuqala Anna Freud lalakhiwa izinkulumo ezine. Ibizwa ngokuthi "An Introduction to inqubo ingane psychoanalysis." Le ncwadi yanyatheliswa ngo-1927.

isikhathi esinzima

1930 kwakunzima ukuhamba psychoanalytic, nomndeni Freud sika. "Psychoanalytic Publishing House", eyayisekelwe iminikelo emikhulu kuleli 1920 ekuseni, ngo-1931, cishe zonakale. Lalondolozwa kuphela ikhona imizamo Anna Freud.

"Psychology mina futhi uvikela"

Ngo-1936, umsebenzi oyinhloko ezincwadini umcwaningi yanyatheliswa. Anna Freud ( "Psychology mina izindlela ukuzivikela") kuqhathaniswa umbono wokuthi into psychoanalysis - equlekile kuphela. Kuba "Mina" - maphakathi ukwazi. ngaleyo ndlela psychoanalysis Anna Freud libhekene ekuqhamukeni nezindlela ezintsha into.

umsebenzi amaNazi

ElaseYurophu ngalesi sikhathi amafu bahlangana nobuNazi. Ngemva UHitler waqala ukubusa, ukwenqatshelwa ukudla kulesi usebhekene psychoanalysis futhi Sigmund imibhalo ashiswa. Psychoanalysts, ingozi ubona kwesokunxele Austria. Ikakhulukazi, amaJuda esatshwe amaNazi. Freud abagulayo kanye nabantu abadala kwakunzima ukuba ahambe kulelo zwe. E Vienna, wathola umsebenzi amaNazi. Annu Freyd Mashi 22, 1938 wabizelwa amaGestapo bephenywa. Esaba sokuhlushwa, wamthatha ushevu. Lolu suku kwaba ukubhekana nalesi simo esibuhlungu ngokuba wakhe. ukuphila kwayo konke wahlushwa izinkumbulo ngaye. Anna ke bengakwazanga ukuthi ubuyele lapho ebheka ku emehlweni sokufa. Kuphela 1971 waya ukuvakashelwa emfushane Vienna, wavakashela endlini-Museum, lapho ayehlala khona kanye yena.

ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe

Ngokusebenzisa ngosizo Marie Bonaparte, inkosazana isiFulentshi, kanye inxusa American eFrance nase-Austria, Freud sasho, indodakazi yakhe nomkakhe bakwazi ukuthenga amaNazi. Umkhaya 4 Juni 1938 waya eParis, bese - eNgilandi. Lapha Freud futhi Anna wahlala ukuphila kwakhe konke. Freud sasho washona ngo-1939, ku-23 Septhemba. ngokushesha Anna zaqala ukushicilelwa imisebenzi yakhe eziqoqiwe. Ngo 1942-45 GG. kwathiwa eyakhishwa eJalimane ngo-German.

Umsebenzi Anna Freud e ngemva kwempi

Ngemva kwempi, u-Anna wathumela zonke imizamo yabo yokusiza izingane ezithintwe yi-nokubhonywa German. Yena babehlangana abantwana izindlu agugile, nosizo ihlelwe ngabo, ngokuba ezinkampanini ezahlukene, izisekelo kanye nabantu izindlela ukubasekela. Anna Freud ngo-1939 wavula nursery. Kuze 1945 Bathola indawo izingane ezingaphezu kuka-80 ubudala ezahlukene. Anna ishicilele imiphumela izifundo kwenziwa idatha zokuhlola, e "Bika yanyanga zonke".

Anna Freud ngo-1945 eneminyaka engu-50. Ngalesi ubudala, abaningi umhlalaphansi, kodwa ngenkuthalo eyenziwa ezweni kolwazi lwabo. Anna nengxenye congresses, emikhosini zokuhlonipha, imihlangano, ukuhamba kakhulu. uhambo lwaso lokuqala e-United States lwenzeka ngo-1950. Uthi wanikezela ngale inkulumo. ELondon, indodakazi Freud sasho wayesebenza esikhumulweni sikhungo: izinkulumo kwaholela abantu abayizigidi, colloquiums, izingqungquthela, ukuxazulula izinkinga zenhlangano.

Osaziwayo abaphendukela Anna

Psychoanalysis uqhutshwa ngokuzimela kuze 1982. osaziwayo abaningi beza kuye, kuhlanganise Marilyn Monroe. Anna yaba nethonya elikhulu ku-Hermann Hesse, ukuxhumana A. Schweitzer. izikhathi ezingu-12 ngaphezulu ngemva 1950 wathatha uhambo oluya e-United States ukuba anikeze izinkulumo.

Umsebenzi wokugcina, eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ngo-1965, u-Anna Freud igcwaliswe yokugcina umsebenzi "Norm pathology ebuntwaneni." Yakhe Ngo-1968, u-Anna lwamshukumisela olimini lwabo lwendabuko. Anna Freud isikhathi eside wahlushwa yobuhlungu beqolo, isifo samaphaphu. Ukuze lokhu ingezwe ku 1976 igazi. Wayedinga ukumpontshelwa igazi njalo. Ngisho eseneminyaka engu-engu-80, u-Anna ayizange ime ingasasebenzi. Nokho, ngo-March 1, 1982 washaywa unhlangothi, ngemva kwalokho ukuqala ukukhubazeka, nzima inkulumo sifo. Nokho, ngesikhathi isesibhedlela, Anna aqhubeka ukusebenza incwadi mayelana nomthetho umndeni.

Udokotela wengqondo Anna Freud, imisebenzi okuyizinto ukuqashelwa okufanele, oshone ngo-October 8, 1982 Useke elanikezelwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-60 ucwaningo lwesayensi futhi umkhuba psychoanalytic. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, u-Anna bukhicite eziningi izihloko, izinkulumo kanye nemibiko kufakwe iqoqo eyimiqulu eyishumi yemibhalo yakhe.