Nefilosofi Roman: umlando, okuqukethwe kanye esikoleni eyisisekelo

nefilosofi Roman libhekene Eclecticism, njengoba kunjalo nangazo zonke kule nkathi. Lokhu isiko kwamiswa buphikisana impucuko isiGreki ngesikhathi esifanayo wazizwa ubunye nalo. nefilosofi Roman akanandaba kakhulu endleleni kanjani nemvelo - yena ikakhulu izinkulumo mayelana nokuphila, zokunqoba adversity ingozi, kanye indlela ukuhlanganisa inkolo, i-physics, logic futhi izimiso zokuhle.

Imfundiso izimfanelo

Enye omele ovelele esikoleni owabhalwa kwaba uSeneca. Wayengumuntu umfundisi uNero - idume waba nedumela elibi uMbusi waseRoma. nefilosofi uSeneca sika kuchazwa imisebenzi efana "Encwadi Lucilla," "Imibuzo yemvelo." Kodwa Roman Stoicism iyahluka kwenye izindawo zakudala ngesiGreki. Ngakho, Zeno futhi Chrysippus wacabanga logic skeleton ifilosofi umphefumulo - physics. Izimiso Zokuziphatha, bakholwa imisipha yakhe. Seneca owabhalwa wawumusha. Soul nengqondo zonke ubuhle ngokuthi izimiso zokuhle. Yebo, futhi waphila ngokuvumelana nezimiso zakhe. Ukuze lokho akayithandanga yokucindezelwa umfundi wakhe sika ngokumelene namaKristu futhi iqembu eliphikisayo, uMbusi ngaphambilini uSeneca ukuzibulala, ukuthi wayengisekela isithunzi nakwenza.

School wokuthobeka ukulinganisela

Stoicism nefilosofi yaseGrisi yasendulo neRoma ziqondakala kahle kakhulu nokuthuthukisa kule ndawo kuze kube sekupheleni Antiquity. Enye sazi owaziwa kulesi sikole Epictetus - sefilosofi lokuqala zezwe lasendulo, okuyinto wayeyisigqila ngokuzalwa. It washiya isigxivizo ku imibono yakhe. Epictetus babhekwa obala ngokuthi izinceku ngabantu abafanayo, njengawo wonke umuntu, okuyinto akatholakalanga ngefilosofi yamaGreki. Ngaye stoicism uvele yokuphila, isayensi, okuvumela ukuba silondoloze ukuzibamba, hhayi ukufuna injabulo hhayi yini ukwesabe ukufa. Wathi akufanele kube kakhulu okufanele oyifunayo, futhi yini kakade. Khona-ke ngeke udumazeke empilweni. credo yakhe zefilosofi Epictetus ngokuthi abantu bengasinaki, isayensi lokufuna ukufa. Lokhu Waqamba ukulalela Izimpawu (kuNkulunkulu). Ukuthobeka ukuze ikusasa kuyinto ibonakalisa inkululeko engokomoya ophakeme. Epictetus kwaba umlandeli kaKesari Mark Avrely.

abagxeki

Izazi-mlando abatadisha ukuthuthukiswa ukucabanga, ngokusho olulodwa inhlangano mkhuba ezifana nefilosofi lasendulo. EGrisi naseRoma lasendulo zazifana nomunye ezintweni eziningi imiqondo. Lena ejwayelekile ngasekupheleni kwenkathi edlule. Ngokwesibonelo, igama lesiGreki namaRoma wacabanga wayazi into ezifana ukungabaza. Lokhu isiqondiso njalo kwenzeka ngesikhathi ukwehla yezimpucuko ezinkulu. Ifilosofi Roman abasebenzeli bayo babe Enesidem kusukela Knossos (Umfundi Pyrrhon) U-Agripha Sekst Empirik. Bonke zazifana nomunye ukuze bamelana noma yiluphi uhlobo dogmatism. isiqubulo sabo esisemqoka wakhuthaza egomela ukuthi yonke eyala iyaphikisana futhi baphike ngokwabo, kodwa zonke zokungathembisisi ngesikhathi esifanayo uyakucabangela mbuzo.

"On the Umhlobo Izinto"

Epicureanism kwaba esinye isikolo ethandwa laseRoma lasendulo. Le filosofi yaziwa ngokuyinhloko sibonga Titus Lucretius Kara, owayehlala isikhathi kuhle anolaka. WayeyiZwi ongalichaza esingumGreki, futhi enkondlweni "On the Umhlobo Izinto" evesini bachazela isimiso sakhe zefilosofi. Okokuqala, wachaza le imfundiso zama-athomu. Bona beswela iyiphi impahla, kodwa sihlanganise ukudala izinga izinto. I-athomu e imvelo ihlale ifana. Siyabonga kubo, kukhona ushintsho of ndaba. lutho livela lutho. Imihlaba kukhona abaningi, lapho kuphakama isidingo, bese kwenzeka sifa ngokomthetho ngenxa yesidingo zemvelo, futhi ama-athomu kungokwaphakade. Umkhathi akupheli, isikhathi lapho kuphela izinto nezinqubo, kunokuba kwayona.

Epicureanism

Lucretius wayengomunye ongqondongqondo engcono izimbongi laseRoma lasendulo. ifilosofi yakhe yabangela kokubili ukuhlonishwa bhongo besikhathi sakhe. Yena njalo phikisana ezinye izindawo, ikakhulukazi abagxeki. Lucretius babekholelwa ukuthi bayakholwa lutho isayensi ezingasasebenzi, ngoba uma kungenjalo besiyokhokhiswa ukucabanga njalo ukuthi zonke izinsuku ilanga entsha liphuma khona. Okwamanje, siyazi ukuthi lena ngenye futhi ukukhanya efanayo. Lucretius uphinde wagxeka umbono kaPlato we ukuguqulelwa kwesinye isimo sokuphila yemiphefumulo. Wathi, ngoba lo muntu ngeke basafa, yini umehluko lapho umoya wakhe ungena. Bobabili impahla kanye ngokwengqondo umuntu engazalwa, siguga futhi sifa. Lucretius futhi wacabanga ngemvelaphi impucuko. Wabhala ukuthi abantu baqale bahlala esimweni savagery, kuze sifundile umlilo. Umphakathi kwaba umphumela inkontileka phakathi kwabantu. Lucretius washumayela uhlobo ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu izazi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo wagxeka imikhuba wamaRoma njengoba ezonakele kakhulu.

mpendulo

Omele bhá we Eclecticism lasendulo, ifilosofi ofakelwe kwalesi sihloko, kwaba Cicero. Liyisisekelo sako konke wacabanga wayekholelwa mpendulo. Lokhu sezombusazwe futhi wazama ukuzihlanganisa isifiso Roman sokuziphatha kahle ubuciko ngesiGreki ukuze philosophise. Kwaba Cicero owaqamba igama elithi "gumanitas" esiphila kuso manje olisebenzisa enkulumweni zezombusazwe futhi umphakathi. Emkhakheni wesayensi kungenziwa ngokuthi wayecabangisisa polymath. Njengoba ukuziphatha nemigomo, kule ndawo, naye wayekholelwa ukuthi i-discipline ngayine kuyimfanelo enhle ngendlela siqu. Ngakho-ke, wonke umuntu ofundile kufanele wazi nganoma iyiphi indlela yolwazi, futhi uwaphuze. Futhi zonke izinhlobo kwansuku ubunzima sinqotshwe amandla intando.

izikole zefilosofi-zenkolo

Phakathi nale nkathi kwaqhubeka ziphenduke futhi bendabuko nefilosofi lasendulo. ERoma lasendulo ibonwa kahle izimfundiso uPlato futhi abalandeli bakhe. Ikakhulukazi ngalesi sikhathi kwaba izikole imfashini zefilosofi nezenkolo, ekuhlanganiseni West naseMpumalanga. Izimpikiswano main wakhuliswa lezi zimfundiso - futhi i-contrast ratio umoya futhi ndaba.

Omunye izindawo ethandwa kakhulu babe neopifagoreystvo. Lwalukhuthaza umqondo wokuba khona kukaNkulunkulu oyedwa futhi izwe ligcwele eziphikisanayo. Neo-Pythagoreans bakholwa magic of izinombolo. sibalo kakhulu owaziwa lesikole kwaba Apollonius of Tyana, ngubani chwaneka Apuleius e "metamorphoses" yakhe. Phakathi nezihlakaniphi Roman owayebusa imfundiso ka noPhilo wase-Alexandria, eyayifuna ukuxhuma UbuJuda nge Platonism. Wayekholelwa ukuthi uJehova azidalile Izimpawu, owadala umhlaba. Ayikho Engels wonder kanye ngokuthi uPhilo "Umalume zobuKristu."

Izitayela ezishisa

izikole Basic waseRoma sidilizwa zihlanganisa ifilosofi Neo-Platonism. Ongqondongqondo bale nhlangano wadala isifundiso sonke isimiso kwabalamuli - zibangelwa amagesi - phakathi kukaNkulunkulu izwe. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kwakungamadodana Neoplatonists ammonium Saccas, Plotinus, Iamblichus, Proclus. Ayethi polytheism. Ngamagama zefilosofi Neoplatonists uphenyo edala njengenkulumo evelele of the ukubuya entsha bese okuphakade. Babekholelwa kaNkulunkulu imbangela, isimiso, essence injongo zonke izinto. UMdali ethulula ezweni, ngoba lowaya muntu e uhlobo frenzy ungaya kuye. Yisimo babiza i-ecstasy. Vala Iamblichus babe okuphakade abaphikisi Neoplatonists - Gnostic. Babekholelwa ukuthi okubi ine isiqalo ezimele, futhi bonke ukuthi zibangelwa amagesi kukhona Ngenxa yokuthi lokuthi indalo uqalile ngokumelene intando kaNkulunkulu.

Ifilosofi eRoma yasendulo kafushane kuchaziwe ngenhla. Siyabona ukuthi umbono ngenkathi yayithonywe kakhulu ababengaphambi kwakhe. Kwakuwusuku ngesiGreki zefilosofi zemvelo, namaStoyiku, Platonists, Pythagoreans. Yiqiniso, amaRoma ngo okuthile washintsha noma eba nomuzwa imibono odlule. Kodwa kungenjongo popularization yabo kwaba ekugcineni kuyazuzisa ifilosofi lasendulo iyonke. Phela, sibonga sefilosofi esingumRoma ephakathi eYurophu ngajwayelana amaGreki futhi waqala ukutadisha kwabo okwengeziwe.