Isifingqo "Wakhuluma Ngakho Zarathustra". Zefilosofi inoveli Fridriha Nitsshe. Umqondo superman

indatshana zefilosofi "Wakhuluma Ngakho Zarathustra" - umsebenzi edume kunazo Fridriha Nitsshe. Incwadi liyaziwa ukugxekwa kwakhe we ukuziphatha kobuKristu evamile. Encwadini yakhe ethi, umlobi yakhuluma eziningi zomgunyathi, okuye kwadala ingxoxo ethakazelisayo nokugxeka abanolaka. Ezinye izici, "Wakhuluma Ngakho Zarathustra" kukhumbula iBhayibheli. Lokhu ingxubevange izinkondlo, azibhala zefilosofi eqanjiwe, lapho eziningi izithombe, izingathekiso ngemifanekiso.

Umqondo we-superman

incwadi Nietzsche sika ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezine, ngayinye yaba umbhali eshicilelwe ngokwehlukile. Umlobi uzowuthatha omunye imiqulu emibili, kodwa akazange abe nesikhathi ukuqaphela umqondo wakhe. ingxenye ngasinye siqukethe ngemifanekiso eminingana. Kuyinto ngazo ekutshela isifinyezo. "Ngakho Abakhuluma Zarathustra" iqala ukubuya yesehlakalo Zarathustra kubantu ngemva kweminyaka ezulazulayo. The main umlingiswa - umprofethi. Wayelawulwa - ukwazisa abantu isambulo yabo.

nefilosofi Prophet iyona core semantic, elibamba incwadi "Ngakho Abakhuluma Zarathustra". Umqondo superman, kugqugquzelwa umlingisi losemcoka, isibe theory ethandwa kakhulu futhi owaziwayo Nietzsche. Umyalezo oyinhloko umkhiqizo inikezwa esigabeni sokuqala, lapho Zarathustra yehla kusuka ezintabeni. Endleleni uhlangana unkom 'idlayodwa. Lo muntu ovumayo ukuthi uyamthanda uJehova, futhi lowo muzwa umnikeza amandla okuphila. Isimo akuyona ngephutha. Ukulandela lo mhlangano, i-mprofethi uyaqhubeka nezimangaliso kungani unkom 'idlayodwa akazi ukuthi uNkulunkulu ufile. Uyaphika eziningi imithetho, okuyizinto ajwayelekile nabantu abavamile. Lo mbono kuletha kokubili incwadi ngokwayo nabantu isifinyezo yayo. "Ngakho wakhuluma Zarathustra" - liphinde indatshana ku indima yomuntu kwi-imvelo nasemphakathini.

Yokuya edolobheni

ntshumayelo lokuqala sefilosofi yakhe abajikelezayo Zarathustra uthi e lapho sibangelwa ukuba sikhubeke phezu kwabuthana isixuku emhlabeni abadansi entambeni. Isihambi esitshela abantu mayelana superman, uqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu ovamile - it is kuphela isixhumanisi uchungechunge ukuthuthukiswa kusukela kwenkawu ukuze superman. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Zarathustra uthi obala ukuthi uNkulunkulu ufile, ngakho abantu kumele ayeke zokukholelwa amathemba ezisemkhathini futhi babe umhlaba kweqiniso.

isihambi ke amuses isixuku. It ihlekisa sefilosofi futhi uyaqhubeka ukusebenza. Ngaphandle Ukhulumé lesi senzakalo Awukwazi ukwenza isifinyezo. "Ngakho Abakhuluma Zarathustra" nakuba kuyinto indatshana zefilosofi, ngesikhathi esifanayo has zonke izici inoveli nge lwendaba ekuthuthukiseni nezinhlamvu oqanjiwe. Isimo edolobheni uphethe uyasisekela uwela phansi futhi kufa. Indoda ehlakaniphile ikhetha isidumbu sakhe ephuma emzini e iviyo Nginikela Eagle.

Philosophy of Zarathustra

Ngo Zarathustra kukhona "iqoqo izinkulumo", ehlanganisa 22 ngemifanekiso. ImiBhalo yembula wemiqondo eyisisekelo ukuthi uzama ukudlulisela abafundi Fridrih Nitsshe. Zarathustra udelela abapristi lifundisa inhlonipho amasosha. Yena okholwa isimo "isithombe" futhi uchaza ukuthi kuphela ngemva kokuwa inkathi indoda entsha. Isazi sefilosofi liyakhuthaza ukugwema abalingisi, jesters nenkazimulo. Yena ugxeka postulate Christian wokuthi kukhona okubi kudingekile ukuba babuyele ezinhle, ucabangela nobuthakathaka ukuziphatha okunjalo.

Iningi iziphakamiso zakhe Zarathustra Ithi kubangane abedlula ngendlela kanye ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, enye insizwa, abelana umqondo wokuthi ukwakheka kwabantu ine ebalulekile ndawo embi, futhi kuphela ukukuhlephula, kungaba abe superman. Kuzo zonke iziphakamiso umprofethi ikakhulukazi umi phandle. Kusekelwe nokholo lokuthi kusho incwadi ethi "Ngakho Abakhuluma Zarathustra". Uhlaziyo ebonisa ukuthi ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu izinganekwane wesazi sefilosofi kuyinto Esiprofethweni sakhe esiphathelene nokuza emini enkulu. Lo mcimbi uzoba landulele ukuthi ukwedlulela kuleso sigaba isigaba esisha womuntu ngendlela. Izoqala nini le Emini Omkhulu, abantu bagubha kwelanga owayedlalela isigamu-ukuphila kwakhe.

izingcaphuno

Esikhathini ingxenye yencwadi yesibili, obala, Zarathustra enquma ivaleke futhi emva ukuphila lemifisha emhumeni wakhe, lapho afike achitha khona iminyaka eminingi. Ukubuyela ovela ejele isikhathi eside, waphinde wakhuluma nabantu ngemifanekiso. Ukugxekwa inkolo - ke ingenye zithembiso enkulu yale ncwadi "Wakhuluma Ngakho Zarathustra". Izilinganiso ngale ndaba kungaholela inqwaba. Ngokwesibonelo:

• "UNkulunkulu umcabango eyenza konke iqonde esiyisigwegwe konke imele, ujikeleze."
• "Ububi umuntu nobutha Ngibiza konke lokhu emfundisweni olulodwa, oluphelele, fixed, ukuze wondleke kahle futhi okuphakade!"
• "Ukube bezingekho onkulunkulu, indlela ngingathanda simelane, ukuze ngingasebenzisi ungunkulunkulu! Ngenxa yalokho, akukho onkulunkulu. "

Isazi sefilosofi ihlekisa ukulingana kwabantu. Ukholelwa ukuthi lesi umqondo - into eqanjiwe, yasungulwa ukuze ajezise emandla ababaza ababuthakathaka. Ngenxa yalokho, umprofethi ubiza ukulahla ububele ngenxa yendalo. Abantu akufanele alingane. Umcabango Nietzsche iphindwa izikhathi eziningana Amakhasi sencwadi yakhe "Ngakho Abakhuluma Zarathustra". Okuqukethwe izahluko kubonisa ukuthi uye njalo wagxeka zonke izisekelo evamile emphakathini nokuhleleka.

Yinhlekisa ngokuhlakanipha namasiko

Ngomlomo Zarathustra, Nietzsche uthi bonke okuthiwa yabantu abahlakaniphile nje abantu abangafundile futhi ze zabo, ngaleyo ndlela kwaphazamiseka iqiniso. Lezi abathwali ke musa bahlala emizini phakathi kwesixuku, futhi ogwadule elikude, kude izixuku. Ingxenye iqiniso wukuthi bonke ukuphila ngandlela-thile ukufuna ngamandla. Kuyinto ngenxa mthetho kufanele bazithobe eqinile ababuthakathaka. Zarathustra ukholelwa intando amandla lungaphezu izinga womuntu obaluleke ngaphezu isithakazelo sokuphila.

Ukugxekwa Cultural - esinye futhi isici incwadi "Wakhuluma Ngakho Zarathustra". Izibuyekezo ababephila ngesikhathi ukukhombisa indlela disdainfully iphathwa Nietzsche kubhekwa ingxenye enkulu yefa womuntu kuphela umphumela yokukhulekela luyakhohlisa ngokoqobo oqanjiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, Zarathustra obala behleka izimbongi, azibize isifazane kakhulu futhi ezingabalulekile.

umoya Gravity

Engxenyeni yesithathu kule noveli zefilosofi e Zarathustra zikhona izithombe ezintsha kanye ngemifanekiso. Indoda imtshela abafundi ambalwa kobukhulu uMoya - nenhlalakahle, okusikhumbuza oyisichwe, noma imvukuzane, ukuzama ukwenza izinyonga esikweyoku. Lokhu idemoni zazama ukweba Zarathustra kuya phansi, kwalasha, gcwele of ngabaza. Kwakungenxa nje ngomzamo omkhulu umlingiswa oyinhloko wakwazi ukubaleka.

Uyachaza umphakathi ukuthi umoya wamandla adonsela phansi kunikezwa umuntu ngamunye kusukela ekuzalweni. Ngezikhathi, ukhumbuza yena ngegama elithi "okubi" nokuthi "omuhle." Zarathustra ophika imiqondo le. Yena okholwa ukuthi akukho okuhle noma okubi alikho. Kukhona kuphela isifiso esingokwemvelo lawo wonke umuntu ukuthi akufanele ukufihla ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo.

Isilinganiso ukudalelwa futhi ngikwazi ukuthenga ugwayi notshwala

Incwadi "Ngakho wakhuluma Zarathustra", okushiwo okuhunyushwa yizazi zefilosofi kanye nabanye abacwaningi ngezindlela ezahlukene, inikeza umfundi ngendlela entsha ukubheka izinto ezibonakala abavamile. Ngokwesibonelo, protagonist uyenqaba ukhulume ngendlela jikelele - indlela jikelele sensindiso, ukuphila okuhle, labekhuluma ngalo kuyaziwa zonke izimfundiso ezingokwenkolo. Kunalokho, Zarathustra ukholelwa ukuthi wonke umuntu ngendlela yakhe, futhi isimo sabo maqondana nokuziphatha futhi wonke umuntu kufanele yakha ngendlela yalo.

Umprofethi uyachaza iyiphi ukhanda nje iqoqo zenzakalo. Yena incoma ngezici ezinjengobumnene ukuvelela, inkanuko nobugovu, uwabheka izinkanuko ezingokwemvelo okunempilo kuphela esingokwemvelo umphefumulo oqinile umzimba sublime. Ukubikezela inkathi esilandelayo Supermen, Zarathustra unethemba lokuthi konke lezi zimfanelo uhlamvu esivela e uhlobo olusha indoda.

Indoda enhle

Ngokusho izimfundiso Zarathustra, ukuze ibe namandla ngokwanele ukuba ufunde indlela abe mahhala kunoma yikuphi yizimo zangaphandle. Abantu enamandla ngempela izimo zivuma njalo igijimele iyiphi ingozi. Amandla kumele ebonakaliswa konke. Abesilisa aphoqelelwe ukuba njalo ilungele impi, futhi abesifazane - ekuzalweni kwezingane.

Omunye iziphakamiso ka Zarathustra elikushoyo ukungabi lusizo yimuphi umphakathi kanye inkontileka nomphakathi. Ukuzama ukuba bahlale ndawonye ngokuvumelana nezimiso ezithile kuphela ukuvimbela eqinile BUSA ababuthakathaka.

Ingxenye yokugcina

Emqulwini wesine Zarathustra Nietzsche sika ukhuluma yokuguga. Ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele nokuguga, uyaqhubeka ukukholelwa emsebenzini wabo wokushumayela, futhi ukuphila ngokuvumelana isiqubulo esemqoka ye superman, elifundeka kanje: ". Yiba ungubani ngempela" Uma umprofethi uzwa wokukhalela usizo, futhi ushiya emhumeni wakhe. Endleleni uhlangana izinhlamvu eziningi: ohlola imihlola, umoya ukuya empini ngenxa kanembeza, the Witch, ugly kakhulu indoda, isinxibi futhi Shadow.

Zarathustra ubamema ukuthi emhumeni wakhe. Ngakho inoveli zefilosofi sisondela ekupheleni kwaso. Izivakashi ukulalela ekushumayeleni kwakhe alowo mprofethi akakaze watshela kuyo yonke incwadi. Empeleni, lesi sikhathi, ngokuvamile ufingqa yonke imibono yakhe, ukubenza e umbono kuyavumelana. Okulandelayo Fridrih Nitsshe uchaza kusihlwa (by Isifaniso iVangeli), lapho bonke badle yemvu, badumise ulwazi Zarathustra futhi bathandaze. Umnikazi uthi ngokushesha kuyofika Emini Omkhulu. Ekuseni uyaphuma phandu yakhe. Lokhu uphela incwadi ngokwayo nabantu isifinyezo yayo. "Ngakho wakhuluma Zarathustra" - inoveli ezingase enwetshiwe uma Nietzsche kwadingeka ukuqeda ukuqaphela umbono wabo zokudala.