Apeiron kuyinto ... Incazelo ukuhumusha igama elithi "Apeiron"

Watadisha nefilosofi, cishe wezwa into efana "Apeiron". Inshokutsi yemagama kusuka isayensi zefilosofi kuyaqondakala alulona olwawo wonke umuntu. Kuyini lokhu? Uyini umsuka wenkulumo ethi, lokho kusho ukuthini?

definition

Apeiron nefilosofi - umqondo ukuthi laqanjwa Anaximander. Kusho elingapheli unomphela ngaphandle kokuba imikhawulo izidakamizwa eyinhloko. Ngokusho zefilosofi yamaGreki asendulo, Apeiron - iyona kokusekelwa kwezwe, okuyinto njalo ezihambayo. Lolu daba, okungadingi possess phi izimfanelo. Wayekholelwa ukuthi bonke kweza ukwabiwa kule ndaba eziphikisanako.

Kwenzenjani bakudala?

ndaba Primary kule ezibanzi umqondo yefilosofi oluyisisekelo konke okukhona emhlabeni. Kuvame ulinganiswa substanitsey. Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo izazi zefilosofi nazo ziye wacabanga ukuthi ngesisekelo konke okukhona liyisici esiyinhloko. Ngokuvamile, kwaba izici zemvelo: umlilo, umoya, amanzi nomhlaba. Abanye baye basikisela ukuthi ketshezi yasezulwini futhi ndaba lasekuqaleni.

Lo mbono kukho konke namafilosofi abantu. Sages wayelokhu ekholelwa ukuthi ngesisekelo zonke ezinye izakhi noma izakhi.

isigaba zefilosofi

Ngokwe-oda ababedlula emlandweni nefilosofi, mayelana Anaximander uthi ngemva Thales. Futhi kuphela ke sikhuluma Anaximenes. Kodwa uma siqonda logic of the imibono, eyesibili neyesithathu kufanele ubekwe ezingeni elifanayo esikhathini theory umqondo emoyeni-okunengqondo kuphela kabili amanzi. Anaximander wacabanga okufanayo kufanele avuswe kwenye ezingeni - ukubukeka abstract iningi ndaba lasekuqaleni. Lokhu sefilosofi babekholelwa ukuthi Apeiron - lena ekuqaleni wazo zonke iziqalo kanye isimiso wazo zonke izimiso. Ehunyushiwe ethemini ngokuthi "angenamkhawulo."

Anaximander

Ngaphambi uthole ingxoxo eningiliziwe yalesi umqondo obaluleke kakhulu futhi ethembisa kakhulu ifilosofi yamaGreki, kubalulekile ukusho amazwi ambalwa mayelana umlobi wayo. Empilweni yakhe kanye Thales ukuphila, sibophezela umuntu kuphela mayelana usuku oluqondile - ngonyaka we-58 th iMidlalo Yama-Olympic yesibili. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, kunenkolelo yokuthi ngenkathi Anaximander wayeneminyaka engu-64 ubudala, nokuthi wafela khona phakathi nesikhathi esifushane. Lolu suku ivelele ngenxa yokuthi, ngokusho legend ubudala, kwaba unyaka lapho kwakukhona umsebenzi zefilosofi, adalwe Anaximander. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi e ntandokazi yayo yefomu temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba, ubufakazi lasendulo ukuthi yabhalwa kwaba yimikhuba kakhulu futhi abaqhoshayo, okuletha ukuba izinkondlo namaprozi yeqhawe. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Yini uhlobo imisebenzi zesayensi nezefilosofi, ngempela esiqinile futhi olunzulu, owazalwa ngo-imfuno nzima.

Inhlonipho abantu

Isithombe wesazi sefilosofi kahle ngaphakathi uhlobo nomfundisi lasendulo. Yena, njengo Thales, kuthiwa wenziwa eziningana impumelelo kubaluleke kakhulu esisebenzayo. Ngokwesibonelo, baye basinda kulokho isitifiketi, othi Anaximander kwaholela uhambo wamakoloni. Okunjalo ukuxosha koloni Kwakuyisiko ukuthi ibhizinisi sikhathi. Kwakudingekile ukuba ukhethe abantu ukuhlomisa. Zonke-ke kwakudingeka ukuba senze ngokushesha futhi ngokuhlakanipha. Kungenzeka ukuthi isazi sefilosofi owayebonakala abantu nje umuntu onjalo, okuyinto efanelekayo le njongo.

Ubunjiniyela ezindawo impumelelo

Anaximander udumo inqwaba ubunjiniyela kanye nama-practical ezisunguliwe. Kukholakala ukuthi zingabantu alelo washi lika jikelele ezakhiwa, ezibizwa ngokuthi "gnomon". Ngosizo lwabo, amaGreki sabala ngothi i-equinox futhi solstices, kanye nesikhathi sosuku nezinkathi.

Njengoba isazi sefilosofi, ngokuvumelana doxography, idume imibhalo yabo ezindawo. Kukholakala ukuthi he was fike of ngowokuqala ukuzama ziveza Iplanethi ipuleti zethusi. Wakwenza kanjani ke - ayaziwa, kodwa iqiniso kubalulekile ukuthi kwadingeka umbono ukwethula lesi sibalo ukuthi ingabonakali ngqo. Kwakuwusuku isikimu nendlela liseduze kakhulu ukufinyelela World of Thought nefilosofi.

ulwazi lomkhathi

Anaximander wayekhangwa kakhulu isayensi kanye izinkanyezi. Wasikisela nguqulo ye siphi isimo kuyinto Umhlaba futhi kwamanye amaplanethi. Ukuze ukubukwa ngokufundwa kwezinkanyezi nomkhathi libhekene kulokho akubiza ngokuthi uchungechunge lwezinombolo ubheke lezi zinkanyiso, amagugu Zomhlaba, eminye imihlaba nezinkanyezi. Kunobufakazi bokuthi sefilosofi wathi: Sun Nomhlaba bayalingana. Ngalezo zinsuku kwakungekho indlela ukuhlola ubufakazi. Namuhla kuyacaca ukuthi zonke izinombolo wabiza zazingakapheli iqiniso, kodwa, nokho, kwenziwa umzamo.

Ngo ekuthuthukiseni umkhakha wezibalo kwakhe udumo ukudalwa geometry emfushane. Wafingqa zonke ulwazi kule isayensi yasendulo. By the way, konke wayazi kule ndawo, kuze kube yilolu suku akazange afike.

imibono yefilosofi

Uma, phakathi namakhulu eminyaka udumo okulandelayo sefilosofi Anaximander yehliswa esihlalweni sobukhosi, isinyathelo, akwenza ngendlela zokushintsha umqondo ekuqaleni oyinhloko, walondoloza kube sesikhathini samanje isimo impumelelo enkulu futhi ethembisa kakhulu bokusungula.

Simplicius ubonisa ukuthi Anaximander wacabanga isiqalo element of zonke izinto ndaba elingapheli - Apeiron. Nguye yethulwa leli gama. Kusukela wayekholelwa kungekho amanzi noma ezinye isici esithile, kanti ezinye imvelo obungapheli, okuyinto kudala firmaments nezikhala okukukho.

Ngesikhathi kwakubonakala isitatimende engavamile ukuthi isimiso sokuqala akachaziwe ngokunembile. Okunye izazi zefilosofi nazo ziye wagomela ukuthi akulungile, ngoba alisho ukuthi akunamkhawulo: emoyeni, emanzini noma umhlaba. Ngoba ngaleso sikhathi kwanqunywa ukuba ukhethe okunye okubalulekile samuntu ezithile ekuqaleni oyinhloko. Ngakho, Thales wakhetha amanzi Anaksimen - emoyeni. Anaximander elalibambeke phakathi kwalezi zefilosofi ezimbili, abanikeza phezulu uhlamvu oluthile. Futhi ethi isimiso sokuqala akanazo izimfanelo. Ayikho yezici ezithile bengakhulumi kube: futhi umhlaba noma amanzi noma umoya. Tfola inshokutsi incazelo yaleli elithi "Apeiron" ke kwakungelula. Aristotle yena ayikwazanga ncamashi ahumushe essence yayo. Kwammangaza ukuthi unemandla elingapheli.

Umqondo umsuka Anaximander

Uyini "Apeiron"? Incazelo okuyinto Anaximander waba ngowokuqala ukukhuluma, angadluliselwa ngale ndlela: ekuqaleni indaba, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo lingaqinisekile. Lo mbono kwaba umphumela ukunwetshwa logic kwangaphakathi engokwengqondo umsuka, uma kukhona izakhi ezahlukene, futhi uma othile ngamunye wabo zilandelana luyakha imisuka, izakhi ziyalinganisela. Kodwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ekunike bakhethe ngokungadingekile omunye wabo njalo. Kungani, isibonelo, ungakhethi emoyeni namanzi? Noma kungani nomlilo? Mhlawumbe sifanele kumfuna ukuthatha indima ndaba olusemqoka isici esithile, futhi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lapho eqhathanisa zonke embodiments ezinjalo, ngamunye okuyinto ngaphansi base ngokwanele, kubonakala sengathi nokho alukho uhlobo ngokwanele ngendlela ekholisayo phezu kwabanye.

Akukona zivela konke lokhu isiphetho ayikwazi ukhushuliwe indima imisuka yanoma yimuphi omunye izakhi, kanye konke kubo ehlanganiswe? Naphezu kwezithiyo ezinjalo "nobuqhawe" intuthuko ifilosofi yososayensi abaningi amakhulu eminyaka lizobuya umqondo ukuthi kusho ukuthini Apeiron.

Vala iqiniso

Anaximander senziwa isinyathelo kwakwakhiwa kakhulu ukuze baqonde impahla ngalokwanele ukuzibhala. Apeiron - lena impahla kukhona, uma ubheka incazelo yakhe esibanzi zefilosofi.

Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ukungaqiniseki njengoba izici kuqala isimiso abe igxathu elikhulu ifilosofi kuqhathaniswa edonsa indzima lesembili kuphela elinama isimiso esisodwa. Apeiron - lokhu akulona nomqondo ndaba. Kodwa kungcono abaseduze stop philosophizing phambi kwakhe. Yingakho Velikiy Aristotel, bebeka imizamo Anaximander, ukuzama ukuletha eduze isikhathi sabo ukhuluma ngani neqiniso lokuthi wayeseholela zazi- ngale ndaba nabo.

yi

Ngakho, manje kuyacaca ukuthi leli gama - apejron. Okusho it kanje: "engenamkhawulo", "angenamkhawulo". I-close isiphawulo kakhulu ibizo elithi "umkhawulo" kanye nezinhlayiya kuyinto uyaphika. Kulokhu, kuba kuphikisa kwemingcele noma imikhawulo.

Ngakho, kwakheka igama lesiGreki is ngendlela efanayo njengoba isici esisha umsuka: ngokusebenzisa kuphikisa kwemingcele qualitative nezinye. Anaximander okungenzeka kakhulu ngendlela enganakeki umsuka azenza enkulu, kodwa ekugcineni wakwazi ukubuyeka ukukhombisa ukuthi imisuka akuyona ezinye uhlobo ngohlobo olukhethekile ngokoqobo impahla. Lo mbono ethile material. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, esigabeni ngasinye ezilandelanayo amakhanda ngemvelaphi, okuyinto ngokunengqondo kudingekile, umfanekiso umcabango yefilosofi umcabango yefilosofi kakhulu. Isinyathelo sokuqala iyona Abstraction material. Igama elithi "Apeiron" lidlulisela kakhulu ngokunembile umsuka nomqondo wefilosofi ye elingapheli. Akunandaba noma ngabe sidalwe sefilosofi noma lathathwa isichazamazwi ngesiGreki.

Lo mqondo encompasses umzamo ukuphendula umbuzo owodwa ngaphezulu. Ngemva kokuqala kokuqala kwaba ukuchaza kanjani konke okuzelwe futhi lufe. It kuvela ukuthi kufanele kube khona okuthile lapho konke kuza, futhi kuleyo ke awe bhú phansi. Ngamanye amazwi, imbangela ukuzalwa nokufa, ukuphila nokungezona nenhlalakahle, ukubukeka nokubhujiswa kumele kube njalo futhi okungenakubhubhiseka, futhi akupheli ngenhlonipho ezithile.

nefilosofi Lasendulo ehlukanisa ngokucacile uthi ezimbili okuphambene. Iqiniso lokuthi kukhona manje, kanye ubonakele, kanye gone - lezivakashi. Lezi wonke umuntu nayo yonke into. Lezi zonke izimo ezenzeka abantu. Zesikhashana wehlukile. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona amaningi, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi idlule. Ngokusho mazwi anengqondo agumenti, imisuka kungase kungabi into buyadlula, njengoba kulokhu, kwakungeke kube isiqalo omunye lezivakashi.

Ngokungefani nabantu, imizimba, izifundazwe imihlaba isimiso wokuqala neze uchithwe, njengokwenza izinto ezinye izinto. Yavela kanjalo-ke waba omunye ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wefilosofi umbono infinity, okuyinto yakhiwa umqondo ukungabikho imingcele emkhathini futhi umqondo wezwe elingaphansi okuphakade, elingukungaboli.

Izazimlando ziye umbono ocatshangelwayo, okuyinto ugomela ngokuthi igama elithi "Apeiron" yethulwa isayensi zefilosofi hhayi Anaximander no-Aristotle noma uPlato ngubani Ixoxwa le mfundiso. ubufakazi Idokhumentari lokhu akusikho, kodwa lokhu akuwona ebaluleke kakhulu. Into esemqoka ukuthi umqondo weza izikhathi zethu.