Izilwane emaxhaphozini. Ngutiphi tilwane e emaxhaphozini

Marshland - ezweni olukhethekile yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Imvelo ixhaphozi ukuthi iyikhaya izilwane ezihlukahlukene futhi sikhule izitshalo emangalisayo, eziningi zazo ohlwini ezisengozini. Ngokombono ongokwesayensi, marsh - liyizwe ingxenye exhaphozini kokuba umswakama high kanye asidi. Ezindaweni ezinjalo kukhona umswakama njalo, ukuhwamuka eqinile futhi yokushodelwa umoya (isithombe ixhaphozi okusesihlokweni esithi). Ukukhuluma ngamazwi alula singathi, kuba sekuba yinto emangalisayo nezimila layo eliyingqayizivele futhi abekho abahlali kancane esiyingqayizivele. Nazi ezinye zazo futhi sizobe ukukhuluma kabanzi.

Yini kudala ixhaphozi?

Inhlabathi ixhaphozi msebenzi izilwane (isib-beaver) noma manmade. Nge nokwakhiwa kwamadamu zabo, senzelwe ukwakhiwa kwamadamu okugcina amanzi ekhethekile kanye amachibi, inhlabathi nakanjani ilahlekelwa impahla yayo, ulahlekelwa wenzalo degree, silting. Esinye sezimo esiyinhloko kumiswa emaxhaphozini - kuyinto umswakama njalo ngokweqile. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, umswakama ngokweqile kungaba senziwa izici ezihlukahlukene zendawo impumuzo, isibonelo, kukhona ayimigodi, kulo umhlambi njalo komhlaba kanye kwezulu.

Konke lokhu kuholela ekwakhekeni Peat. Ngokushesha kukhona ixhaphozi. Izakhamuzi lezi zindawo - uhlobo kokuba. Iqiniso lokuthi zonke izinto eziphilayo ukuphila kungaba ukujwayela ukuphila ezimweni ezinkulu kangako, ngoba, njengoba kuye kwashiwo, akukho-mpilo ngokwanele ngaso sonke isikhathi, umhlabathi ezingeni eliphansi wenzalo yonke indawo libhekene umswakama ngokweqile futhi, yebo, ne-asidi eningi . Ngakho-ke izilwane ezinjalo kufanele bakhokhe intela! Ngakho, sithola ithuba lokwazana lezi zinhlamvu eduze.

amphibia

Ngokuvamile, bonke isilwane ezingaba emaxhaphozini - yiwona eziningi, kodwa kakhulu ingxenye izakhamizi ze-non-unomphela kule ndawo. Abaningi babo uhlale lapha kuphela esifushane, isibonelo, isikhathi esithile, bese ukusheshe ukushiya lezi zinto indawo zizimbi. izakhamuzi zaphakade emhlabeni ezingamaxhaphozi akuzona eziningi, kodwa bayazi cishe yonke into. Phakathi kwabo kakhulu owaziwa futhi abaningi amalungu esigaba kwezilwane kokubili emanzini nasezweni futhi izilwane zasemhlabeni: amaxoxo, Toads kanye zintulo.

amasele

Amaxoxo - mhlawumbe edume kakhulu nabakhileyo eminingi iningi ixhaphozi. herpetologists Abaningi (ku ochwepheshe amphibian futhi silwane) ukholwa lezi zidalwa kakhulu izidalwa ebukekayo futhi ababheke phakathi zilwane ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngempela, amaxoxo ekwakhekeni nasekumeni komzimba eyinqaba futhi eyingqayizivele. ikhanda wabo elikhulu futhi ebanzi. Abanaso Intamo. Ngakho-ke, uma ikhanda sihamba ngendlela umzimba, kodwa ububanzi.

Amaxoxo aqukethe anurans lamabutho, okuyinto has cishe 6000 futhi cishe 84 zilwane wezinsalela zamandulo yesimanje. Njengoba igama iyunithi zabo, lezi zidalwa Awunawo entanyeni noma umsila. Kodwa babe amabili namabhuzu nemilenze evuthiwe. Herpetologists isibaluli izilwane zasemhlabeni waphansi isihlahla amaxoxo, ubuthi ingcula amaxoxo, Toads, amaxoxo kanye frog. Ngaphandle, abaprofethi bamanga babukeka kanjani amaxoxo, kodwa abekho ubuhlobo obuseduze nabo.

Emini lezi zidalwa yokuthamela ilanga kusukela induduzo iminduze marsh noma ogwini. Uma umiyane izimpukane, ibhungane noma ngendiza, frog umbani Ufaka ulimi yayo okunamathelayo eceleni isinambuzane. Catching inyamazane, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni, wabe iphuza ke. Phindaphinda ngu frog eziyizimbangela ixhaphozi. Izakhamuzi lezi amachibi kukhona engakwenqeni udle amaqanda Ukhala ngakho izinkulungwane zamaqanda ziphonswe amanzi ukuze usinde kuphela nedlanzana ezimbalwa.

Lokhu kwenzeka ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi amaxoxo ebuthongweni babo basebusika ebusika. Ngosuku lwesihlanu amaqanda lokusinda tadpoles ziyaphuma. Amasele bephendukela izinyanga 4.

Sicoco esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni iyona uGoliyati, abahlala kuleli lizwe Afrika laseCameroon. Lokhu ukusungulwa ifinyelela ubude 33 cm futhi nesisindo 4 kg. Nokho, ezivame kakhulu kuleli zwe alilona frog oluhlaza. Endaweni yawo - yonke iYurophu, enyakatho-ntshonalanga Afrika nase-Asia. Lolu hlobo izilwane zasemhlabeni waphansi ezitholakala emaxhaphozini of bonke yethu kakhulu umuntu.

Toads

"I-Companion" amaxoxo kukhona Toads. It has ezinye izilwane ezihlala emaxhaphozini unyaka wonke. Kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka, idumela zalezi izilwane zasemhlabeni izidalwa anobuthi. I townsfolk bakholelwa ukuthi Toads bakhethe amanye slime ezinesihlungu, okuyinto endows izitha zakhe. Abaningi basakholelwa ukuthi uma eyolanda iselesele, kusolakala avele warts. Lokhu akulona ngempela kuyiqiniso. Eziningi zalezi izilwane zasemhlabeni kukhona ingozi kubantu. Yiqiniso, batholakala emazweni ashisayo Toads ezinesihlungu amaxoxo, kodwa ingakhishwa obonwa elihambisana umbala.

Khumbula amaxoxo ezihlala ixhaphozi Russian musa zibangele noma iyiphi umonakalo kumuntu. Kunalokho, bayazuza, abhubhise eningi izikelemu eziyingozi, slugs kanye izinambuzane ezindizayo. Lezi zidalwa kukhona ebusuku futhi, ngokungafani amaxoxo, isidingo esincane amanzi. Yingakho kunzima ukubona emini Toads. ixhaphozi kunjalo exhaphozini - olwenzeka endaweni kangcono lezi izilwane zasemhlabeni.

zintulo

Lamabutho izilwane zasemhlabeni tailed ethulwa salamanders futhi zintulo. Uma kuqala - kungcono ikakhulukazi izidalwa ezweni, Tritons - ke nje kwenza emaxhaphozini izilwane. Ngaphandle, kwalezi zilwane kuthi akufane nokwenzeka izibankwa, ukuthi nje isikhumba sabo - bushelelezi futhi usemanzi, futhi umsila - indiza mpo (like inhlanzi). Torso e zintulo is side futhi isakhiwo othini lokuphotha emise. ikhanda yabo encane ngokushesha liqala ithole, lelo futhi kungabonakali kuya umsila.

zintulo Iningi lawo lihlala unomphela ixhaphozi, ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi sonyaka. Nokho, ziyisici indlela nezimfihlo zokuphila. Ukuze ubone ngeso lenyama ka Newt endle cishe akunakwenzeka! Bona - ababhukudi esihle, kodwa ogwini a izidalwa ngingakwazi nhlobo ukuzisiza. Abamele i-oda izilwane zasemhlabeni tailed - a izilwane sedentary enamathiselwe ikhaya lwabo lwendabuko - ixhaphozi. Ziyakwazi alisebenzi futhi ngokuphelele bazivumelanisa elide zokuhamba.

ezincelisayo

Amalunga agcwele esincelisayo ekilasini iyakwazi ukuhlukanisa namagundane zasemanzini: muskrats namanzi uma ibona izilwane eziyingozi - imithini. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezincelisayo marsh abakhileyo bangaphila hhayi kuphela emanzini kodwa futhi emaphethelweni alo. Ngokwesibonelo, zitholakala ngalapha moistureloving vole namagundane amanzi. By endleleni, futhi bobabili vuma ngo kule ndawo: ukukhoseliswa zabo - hummocks mossy, futhi ukudla - nama-cranberry, amajingijolo, futhi imbewu amakhambi ahlukahlukene.

muskrats

Ikhaya kwalezi zilwane kuyinto eNyakatho neMelika. ERussia base amazwe ezivela eCanada ngo-1928. Kwathatha isikhathi esincane kakhulu lezi zidalwa ukusakaza ezweni lonke. Muskrat - abayikho abameleli igundane izilwane nasemaxhaphozini unomphela. Zihlala amachibi ezincane nezinkulu, umfula amachibi kanye, yebo, ku amaMoor amnyama. Alapho, efana beaver emanzini agobhozayo, yimani niqonde ngokwabo maqhugwane we indaba ususondele.

Zokuhlala zalezizindawo namagundane e ixhaphozi ukuthola kalula. emakhaya abo kukhona Isigaxa-okwenyanga futhi zifinyelela ubude obungamamitha cishe imitha. Lodge muskrat has a isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele: elise ngaphakathi eyodwa noma ezikhethekile ngaphezulu emakamelweni, futhi phakathi nendawo - esidlekeni. Mammalogy (ezincelisayo ochwepheshe) bathi it is nje wadala ukuphila kwesilwane emanzini. Muskrat aphinde abhukude abuyele kalula futhi ngokushesha. Lapho ubuka elale ndalo basalelwe Akungabazeki ukuthi ixhaphozi - ikhaya lakhe!

imithini

Lezi zidalwa yizona ezimelela ngobukhulu musteline ka lamabutho zezinyamazane izilwane. Njengalezi muskrat - izilwane unomphela futhi Irreplaceable emaxhaphozini, emifuleni, emachibini ezinkulu nezincane. Abadala ukufinyelela ubude mayelana 1 m, futhi nesisindo 15 kg. Lezi zilwane batholakala cishe kuzo zonke izingxenye zezwe lethu, ngaphandle Antarctica nase-Australia. Umama Nature bukhicite lezi zilwane ukuze ndawo ku-elementi amanzi.

Round ekhanda, emqaleni nasemhlane esifushane kodwa obukhulu, esifubeni emgqonyeni emise, umsila uqweqwe izinyawo leWebhu ukusiza imithini kwamandla usike kwamanzi. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo yizona ayimi yokuphila. Njengoba imithini - kukhona izilwane ezidla ezinye, zidla "omakhelwane" yabo efanayo ngokusebenzisa ixhaphozi: amaxoxo, izimvukuzane, muskrats, isikhuphashe, izimpethu, iminenke nezinyoka. Ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula, bayazingelana fun for fun, frolic emaxhaphozini ixhaphozi, edonsa phansi esuka osebeni amanzi, nokunye. D.

Ngezikhathi ezithile le imithini ushiye ixhaphozi yabo exhaphozini, kwenzekani okuthiwa "wokudoba". izilwane eziningana zasemanzini fresh futhi baqala umsebenzi wokufuna ngokuhlanganyela Inhlanzi. Imithini ndawonye ushayela isikole zezinhlanzi kunoma iyiphi strait ewumngcingo ukuthi kwaba lapho kwakuyoba lula ukwenza abambe isilwane asizingelayo yabo. inhlanzi ezincane badle izilwane ngaphandle kokushiya amanzi, futhi ezinkulu - kuphela ogwini.

Ekhuluma ngalo, ngokwemvelo Otter - izilwane ezinokuthula. imvelo yabo ezolile iyagcinwa kunazo zonke onyakeni, kodwa kokuzalela phakathi izimbangi besilisa ezingase ziphakame impi yangempela olunegazi lakowesifazana!

Izinyoni ezihlala emaxhaphozini

Ososayensi abaye wafundelwa nezilwane ezihlukahlukene emaxhaphozini, bame kwelokuthi lokhu ndawo ngempela kufanelekile ukuba khona abameleli abaningi nezilwane zomhlaba, kuhlanganise izinyoni. Ngokwesibonelo, amnandi sifanamsindvo nezithelo marsh izitshalo ziwumthombo Irreplaceable ukudla ptarmigan, marsh izikhova, izinyoni zasogwini kanye amadada. Sekuyisikhathi eside lezi zinyoni abakhethiwe kule ndawo futhi uzizwe ngempela ukhululekile lapha.

Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, izinyoni akuzona kakhulu futhi uthanda ukuba bazohlala kulezi zindawo. Bird abalindi ziye zaqaphela ukuthi luyaphumelela ngezikhathi ufike esikhumulweni grouse ixhaphozi kanye capercaillie. Ngokusobala, basuke kuqhutshwa yisifiso ukudla amajikijolo okumnandi. Ngokusho ososayensi, endaweni yizimbaxa kunalokho exhaphozini zalezi zindawo kungaba axazulule ngisho grey crane. Iqiniso lokuthi marsh ngoba Cranes - kwaba isivikelo sangempela impucuko angaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akubona bonke abantu bazokwazi ukuthola ngalawo emaxhaphozini!

Indlovukazi emaxhaphozini

Ukukhuluma ngalokho izilwane ixhaphozi wathola indawo yokufihla ikhanda, ingasaphathwa indlovukazi kulezi zindawo - Indwandwe. Mhlawumbe iningi lethu aliqondi okuthandwa ongaziwa le nyoni ukuba marshland. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izindwandwe axazulule lapha hhayi ithuba! Iqiniso wukuthi izihlahla sedge kanye imihlanga ukunikeza isivikelo esihle ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye izilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona njalo into yokwenza imali (befana).

Heron Yiqiniso, asikwazi ngokuthi inyoni enhle, kodwa indlovukazi emaxhaphozini - ngokuphelele! Nakuba abantu abathile ababuka izinyoni basakholelwa ukuthi ubuhle ezithile ngisho umusa eziyizici ezinye omele ubungako balokhu nezilwane. Nokho ukunyakaza sezimiso emincane, kanye eziyinqaba, ukuma ngezinye izikhathi ngokungagwegwesi inobudlabha ukunciphisa bonke ubuhle bayo ize.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, kanye Indwandwe ngokuphelele bazivumelanisa impilo e uhlobo enjalo imvelo. Kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukucabanga kwalezi zinyoni iyiphi imizimba amanzi kanye namaxhaphozi! Bona ngokushesha ukugibela sasemhlangeni, ezihambayo ngokuphelele emanzini. Yilokho kuphela izwi banayo onukayo, ukukhumbuze ukuthi umuntu ekhala, kungakhathaliseki ukubhonga kothile. Bird abalindi baxwayisa ngokuthi izindwandwe bayizidalwa omshoshaphansi kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi okubi. Zihlala imiphakathi, kodwa lezi zinyoni abathanda akakwazi ngokuthi.

Ngokuvamile, ekudleni izindwandwe ukudla izinhlanzi, kodwa ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi cishe akekho wakhe. Lokhu kuchaza ugqozi ukuthi kungani lezi zidalwa amaxoxo. Izindwandwe injabulo enkulu ukukuxoxela izilwane zasemhlabeni waphansi, izinkalankala, izimpethu, kanye iminenke.

Futhi ekugcineni ... Kungani e ixhaphozi eziningi kangaka amaxoxo?

Ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, sakhuluma ngokuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zokuphila marshland. Kusukela kule ndawo has a asidi evelele, izilwane eziningi futhi i-marsh izitshalo abe ezingeni eliphansi namachibi. Ukuvikelwa enjalo iye yasungula kuzo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. ezinhle Ikakhulukazi kubalulekile kuphole abakhileyo ndawo, okungukuthi, amaxoxo, Toads kanye zintulo. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izakhamuzi eziningi kakhulu ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi (bheka. Marsh isithombe).