Intabamlilo wokushiswa eKamchatka: incazelo, umlando, amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Esikhathini naseningizimu, eKamchatka Gorelinskom share nentaba-mlilo eqhumayo ashile. He is ilungu eNingizimu-Kamchatsky epaki. Igama lakhe lesibili - wazishisa egqumeni. Lokhu semvelo esiyingqayizivele itholakala amakhilomitha 75 kusuka Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

indaba

Eminyakeni ecishe ibe izinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane edlule esizeni okwamanje intabamlilo isihlangu intaba-mlilo esenyakatho usayizi omkhulu, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i emlilweni primordial. I ububanzi kwesisekelo salo idlula amakhilomitha amathathu. Ngaphansi isisindo ayo vertex okuyingxenye ekugcineni lehla, bakha mgodi 10 x 14 km. It is nokuntula izinsalela-mlilo yasendulo, kunentaba ephakeme futhi encane enamadwala.

Eruption Isuka phansi lo mgodi esakhiwe ngokuhlanganisa uchungechunge imigodi yezintaba-mlilo. Basuke egqinsiwe phezu komunye nomunye, futhi ekhula kancane kancane ahlanganisiwe Izigaxa. Lena yindlela afanayo yesimanje yama side, embozwe slag, isihlabathi futhi lava izingqimba.

Eruption baqhubeka kwaze kwaba kamuva. Muva nje, ososayensi baye alotshwe 1986. Ash fu elinobuthi ke ayesuka ezishile ukuba Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky ngokusebenzisa Avacha Bay. Kwaba emehlweni engavamile kakhulu: kusuka ezweni oya edolobheni welulela yomusi abamnyama.

Namuhla intabamlilo ezishile (eKamchatka) ine "esakhiweni esidala", ehlanganisa indawo engaphezu kuka 650 amakhilomitha. Ibanga kuya yizimbaxa emifula Paratunka amafutha Asacha intabamlilo futhi intaba-mlilo.

incazelo intabamlilo

Ashile mlilo, obude kuyinto 1829 amamitha, itholakala eningizimu nhlonhlo. Yena imelelwa izakhiwo ezimbili: elidala isihlangu emise, phezulu okuyinto ezihlalweni zobukhosi bethwele nemiqhele trinadtsatikilometrovoy mgodi, kanye yesimanje, okuyinto stratovolcano eziyinkimbinkimbi.

isakhiwo Modern, indawo 150 sq. km, itholakala maphakathi lo mgodi. It ngokuyinhloko yakhiwe lavas futhi balzatovogo andezitbalzatovogo hlobo. Lesi sakhiwo sifana uhlobo mlilo Hawaiian Nokho, isihloko saso lufrenyiwe by uchungechunge imigodi yezintaba-mlilo, futhi phezu emithambekeni kukhona amathathu ilahle Izigaxa nge lava eqina.

Isakhiwo afanayo

Ridge obuphelele acishe abe mathathu amakhilomitha e uchungechunge eziyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa asemigodini nanye. Konke lokhu iyintaba-mlilo ashile. Igama lakhe eliphelele ibonisa isakhiwo samanje intabamlilo - ezishile Ridge.

Leli afanayo is eslphambanweni amagquma mlilo. Esikhathini expanses enkulukazi emithambekeni isethwe amachibi, kushisa igesi fumarole futhi cishe amahlanu slag Izigaxa.

wentaba East

imigodi yezintaba-mlilo eziningana efana emithonjeni, yilezo lapho e iqhuma ezikude esidlule ziye zenzeka, namuhla ligcwele emachibini ene-asidi. Lezi zihlanganisa i-East Crater. iphansi lalo usayizi isigamu sekhilomitha kuthatha ezijulile echibini blue. Lizungezwe emaweni amawa dvuhsotmetrovuyu. Ingxenye kuyahlanganiswa ice elintantayo.

Isici yalesi wentaba kusengathiwa ikhono layo ukushintsha "ukuziphatha" yayo ngesikhathi mlilo. Lapho amanzi kuleli chibi okwesibhakabhaka, cool emhlabeni ingaphakathi. Uma kuziwa isimo intabamlilo predaktivnoe, echibini ngokoqobo "amathumba", izinguquko kanye ukuma nombala wazo.

Lesi sigodi asebenzayo

Gorely kungenye wentaba emangalisayo. Ibizwa ngokuthi esebenzayo. phansi kwalo lugcwele elihlale acid echibini owolintshi kanye iflothi ngasogwini lwalo fumaroles. Lokhu wentaba has simise uphondo kabani ubukhulu 250 amamitha. wentaba ukujula - 200 metres.

Uzalo kuyingozi ngoba kwezingange zawo ebhidlikayo, futhi emoyeni elicwile sulphur amagesi anobuthi.

West wentaba

Phansi yeqhwa wentaba ihlanganisa, okuyinto kuphakamisa ukusakaza. Igelezela kuzo engxenyeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga lo mgodi, ukwakha nezimpophoma ezincane ezimbalwa.

isilinda

Abathandwayo futhi ndawo igama obungajwayelekile. It ikhona emthambekeni ongaseningizimu intaba-mlilo, it has a ukuma ejwayelekile isiyingi. Ubukhulu bayo m 40.

isidleke sigodi

Kusinda kusihlwa "umkhaya" lonke. Ezansi wentaba yasendulo amabili amajuba: a umqhewu emincane wentaba-mlilo, lethiwa ngenxa ukuma side, futhi ijulile.

Lava ageleza burgundy, aqhephukile ngezikhathi phansi lo mgodi, embozwe black isihlabathi mlilo, - ukwakhiwa yayo unikeza umbono mlilo ashile yingozi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokumangalisayo endaweni enhle.

ithafa

Ayikho ezithakazelisayo kancane ithafa futhi intabamlilo. Kuyinto cishe elingenalo uhlaza. Okukhishwayo kuphela ziphansi emathafeni amakhambi. Lapha phezu kukhona lasendulo lava kwemali, umbala obomvu, lapho aqhephukile ngaphansi kwethonya isikhathi.

Lesi sithombe phezu izivakashi eziningi obhula bacabange Mars engaqondakali. Kubonakala sengathi kule planethi lokhu umane akukwazi.

emhumeni

Eminyakeni engaphezu kwe- yizinkulungwane ezimbili edlule, ukugeleza Udaka oluncibilikayo kunalokho, ezakhiwe ukuqhuma asebenzayo wadala itshe Amasimu ebanzi, lapho zitholakala ngasenyakatho kwentaba-mlilo. Isendlalelo engenhla lava isikhathi yokuzigxilisa ngesikhathi ukugeleza, waqhubeka nokungenisa ukugeleza yangaphakathi.

Ngenxa yalokhu Isenzakalo esingokwemvelo, esaziwa namuhla kwakhiwa lava emihumeni intabamlilo ezishile. Impelasonto izinkambo ihlelwe kusuka Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, ukuze wonke umuntu azibone lezi zakhiwo esiyingqayizivele.

Sekukonke intabamlilo ezishile eziyishumi nane emihumeni. Sinenkosi ice "phansi" bese vaults oluyingungu. Ubude yabo zokhahlamba kusuka eyishumi nesithupha komunye namashumi amane amamitha. Atholakala ukuze ahlolwe izivakashi manje kuphela nesithupha kuwo.

Ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo

Phakathi nezinyanga zokugcina amahlanu eminyaka ukuba izintaba-mlilo kwabheduka ezishile kasikhombisa kuphela. Ekupheleni kwekhulu elidlule ke ilotshwe nokuqhuma ababuthakathaka kuphela ababe ukukhulula semali igesi, isihlabathi nomlotha. Umsebenzi wokugcina kwaba ehlobo lika-2010. It kwasusa ephonsa ezingeni zamachibi, ukuguquguquka kwenhlabathi umusi kwekhabhoni. Zazibonakala ngisho Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

Cishe zonke engamashumi amabili ashile ubonisa amandla akhe ngendlela emangalisayo futhi sibe namandla, ichitha lava ageleza phezu ukushiswa, owawusuka phezu ibanga amakhilomitha ayishumi. Futhi ngisho ngesikhathi ukusikhohlisa kumalungu afanayo elinesimo umsebenzi asebenzayo kakhulu fumarole.

Siyeza, + siqombola intabamlilo ashile

wosuku olulodwa uhambo nentaba-mlilo ashile - Uhambo elula kodwa bangaphezi ethakazelisayo ngosuku. Uyoletha eningi injabulo nezithombe ezinkulu. umkhankaso ahleliwe Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky ehloselwe izivakashi zabo bonke ubudala. Kungathatha ingxenye, ngisho izingane kanye nabantu ukuqeqeshwa ezahlukene ngokomzimba.

Ukuze ukugibela awudingi ukugibela kwezikhali nokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile. By the way, ukukhuphuka intabamlilo ashile ngokwakho, futhi, ungenza. Petropavlovsk umgwaqo ungafinyelela lo mgodi ka-mlilo ezishile (kusukela maphakathi no-July).

Uhambo kuthatha usuku olulodwa. On the Umqansa uqobo, kanye emthambekeni kungathatha amahora ayisithupha. Eya Caldera kuthatha amahora 3 kuya 4. It kuncike khona iqhwa ithrekhi izimo.

Ngo sezulu kucace kusuka phezulu mlilo izivakashi ashile kungaba kanyekanye ukubona eziningana yokuqothulwa futhi esebenzayo izintaba-mlilo: Mutnovsky Zhirovsky, Asacha, Vilyuchinsky, Opala, eningizimu - Priomysh, Khodutka, Ilyinsky, Zheltovsky enyakatho -Arik, Aag, Avachinskiy, Koryak, njll - iqembu Zhupanovsky izintaba-mlilo Dzendzur, izintabamlilo Tolmachevo Dale.

Ikhambo Tips

1. Uma uhlela uhambo oluya intabamlilo ashile, cabanga kusengaphambili mayelana izinkuni. At the site ukuze uwathole awukwazi. Izinkuni Ungashintshanisa a sikaphalafini igesi.
2. Lalela kuya ukukhetha ngetende - kumele iqhubeke iphila. Emkhakheni imimoya intabamlilo ninamandla ngempela.
3. Imvelo kule ndawo ulula kakhulu, ngakho izimbali wendawo kangcono bajabulele ukuthatha izithombe, kodwa hhayi singawanyathela, futhi utshani ambalwa utshani akufanele asetshenziselwe botha umlilo.