Scholasticism European Western. Kuyini lokhu?

Leli gama kwaba into evamile ukuthola, futhi kukhona cishe kuyinto umuntu akalalelanga ngakho. Scholastica ... Kuyini Nokho, uzokutshela akuyona ncamashi wonke umuntu. Manje sinethuba ukuqonda konke lokhu kabanzi. Igama ngokwalo wazalwa ngenkathi ubudlelwane izinduna kanye nekusungulwa okubizwa ngokuthi "Renaissance Carolingian". Ngalezo zinsuku, ubuswa ifilosofi patristic nokuhluleka ezifundweni. Ukuyala wokuqala sizibandakanye substantiation esungulwe umbhedesho yobuKristu. Nokho, cishe uye icekela, njengoba iSonto LamaRoma Katolika umise ngokwaso njengoba evelele. A scholasticism? Lokho kuchazwa kwenkathi? Khona-ke bambiza amazwana lezi okuhlala, futhi ukusebenza ngezigaba zabo.

Lokhu kuthambekela e umlando Christian umcabango wayebe alawula Ephakathi. Igama ngokwalo livela egameni lesiGreki "ninamathele" ( "isikole"). Ekuqaleni, ubeke amazwana futhi bahlele art athuthukiswe izikole Izigodlo futhi kamuva emayunivesithi. Umlando walo zingahlukaniswa zibe izinkathi ezintathu. Okokuqala - lesi yisikhathi lapho scholasticism eqale. Le nkathi ngokuvamile iqala Boethius nokuphelele Fomoy Akvinatom. Esesibili - iyona ifilosofi "udokotela eziyizingelosi 'nabalandeli bakhe. Futhi ekugcineni, esikhathini kamuva - ekhulwini weshumi nane-wetshumi lanhlanu - lapho scholasticism waqala isikhathi eside kunabo ngokwaso njengoba isiyalo ezinkulu, futhi ikakhulukazi maqondana ngesayensi yemvelo. Kulapho waqamba umlilo ukugxeka maqondana uqobo.

Uma sizibuze: "Scholastica - kuyini? Yiziphi izinkinga ubekhulisa "-? Impendulo kanje. Bamafilosofi ngalezo zinsuku ukuba akwenze ubala yamademoni eliseningizimu inaliti kaningi benza amahlaya futhi unesithakazelo imibuzo ngobuhlobo olwazini nasokholweni, isizathu esikhulu nokholo, kanye nemvelo futhi khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, omunye izihloko ezishisayo for ingxoxo ngesikhathi inkinga empeleni okubizwa ngokuthi izigaba jikelele. Abamele lwemibono leyehlukene ngalolu daba nabizelwa namaqiniso futhi nominalists.

Omunye scholastics wokuqala omkhulu kubhekwe John Scotus Erigena owayaziwa kahle esigodlweni noKarla Velikogo. Waze nesibindi ukuze uphendule umbusi ihlaya abadumile behlakaniphile futhi okuyingozi. Lapho ibuza ukuthi isazi sefilosofi, yini umehluko phakathi izinkomo Scot (ukudlala ngamagama esekelwe Latin iskripthi umsuka sazi), waphendula ukuthi ubude etafuleni. Iqiniso lokuthi Eriugena noCarl, ahlala maqondana. UMbusi waqaphela isithunzi sakhe ukusikisela futhi akazange aqhubeke. John Scott ukubeka phambili umqondo wokuthi phakathi le nkolo nefilosofi, awaphikisani, njengoba umbandela weqiniso ingqondo.

Ekhulwini XII - ngenkathi lo zenkolo futhi ukusungulwa amanyuvesi - the scholastics ovelele kakhulu noJohn Rostsellin futhi Anselm Kenterberiysky. Kugcine ezikhulumini kwaba umqondo wokuthi ukucabanga kumele subordinated ukholo. Inkathi zesikole ukuchuma luwela nkathi yezinxushunxushu kakhulu emphilweni eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Khona-ke zefilosofi Christian ngokusebenzisa izinguqulo Arabhu kusuka esingumGreki u-Aristotle wathola futhi laqala ukuhlela imibono ukuze imibhalo engcwele ngesisekelo uhlelo kanye logic of the yokugcina. Foma Akvinsky futhi Albert Veliky kucatshangwa ongqondongqondo abaye wadala uhambisane kakhulu futhi uqedele le uhlobo theory. Bona owabeka ifilosofi nemfundiso yenkolo.

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ngalezo zinsuku nezitha izitayela alawula emfundisweni yobuKristu - ikakhulukazi okuthiwa Cathars - futhi wabhala azibhala eziningi imibono. Nazo ngokufanayo, wasebenzisa nezimpikiswano ezifanayo, ezintweni zesikole, izigaba kanye yokucabanga enengqondo, usebenzisa Neo-kaPlato futhi Aristotelian. Kodwa ukubhujiswa yokuthi lokhu sekwandile imfundiso yenkolo ngenxa abanolaka umzabalazo ngemibono akasilahlile ithuba bekuqonda ngokugcwele ezingeni labamelene zefilosofi sobuKatolika.

Esikhathini scholasticism XIV ekhulwini wathola okuthiwa "Via yesimanjemanje" - indlela entsha. Simkweleta lokhu Oxford School (Ockham, Duns Scotus), okuyinto wakhetha ukwenza isihloko ulwazi kuphela izinto ezikhona ngempela, lokho wayivula kanjani indlela eya izindlela zesimanje of Sciences Ezingokwemvelo Kanye Nezenzo Mathematical. Nokho, zonke nefilosofi odlule ubumbe izimiso eziyisisekelo indlela yesayensi, nobuntu yaseyunivesithi, kuhlanganise imiqondo ezifana izixhumanisi kanye apharathasi ngokwesayensi. Ngakho nanku umbuzo: "Scholastica - kuyini lokho?" - singase kahle basho kanjalo. Lena inkathi ebaluleke kakhulu emlandweni nefilosofi, ngaphandle kwakuyoba futhi isayensi yesimanje noma izindlela main ukuba indlela yayo.