Ukuthi umkhuba njengoba umbandela weqiniso kuhilelani?

Ifilosofi - isayensi abstract. Ngenxa yalokho, umqondo wegama elithi "iqiniso" akanandaba ikakhulukazi.

Ubumbaxambili iqiniso

Kulula ukubona ukuthi uyaludinga yini la mazwi ayiqiniso nangomqondo ukuthi ushukela iphelile. Nayi esitsheni sikashukela, lokho eydijithali lapho ushukela kugcinwa. Konke okudingekayo - vele uye ubone. Ayikho umcabango omunye uphiwa futhi yini ushukela, futhi kungaba ibhekwe ephephile izinto ngeso elibanzi ekhona, uma egumbini ivaliwe izibani futhi ifenisha sibonakale. Ifilosofi, nje kudingeka ekuqaleni ucacise liyini iqiniso nokuthi kuhlanganisa umkhuba njengoba umbandela weqiniso. Ngenxa kube kuhle ukuthi wonke umuntu uyaqonda okuthile okuhlukile ngaphansi kwaleyo migomo abstract.

Iqiniso zefilosofi ahlukahlukene kuchazwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Le nkolelo ibuye umgomo engokoqobo, futhi ukuqonda enembile we axioms eziyisisekelo, kuqinisekiswa yokucabanga enengqondo, kanye nobufakazi isivivinyo kuncike emizweni, aqinisekiswe isipiliyoni esiwusizo.

Izindlela ngoba iqiniso ukuthola

Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isikole wefilosofi, akukho sazi wayesengakwazi ukubanika indlela ukuhlola iziphakamiso, hhayi ekuphumeni ekugcineni isipiliyoni sezinzwa. Prakthiza njengoba umbandela weqiniso kuhlanganisa, ngokuvumelana abameleli izikole ezahlukene umcabango, ehlukene kakhulu, izindlela ngezinye izikhathi alizimele:

• isiqinisekiso inkanuko;
• organic iyahambisana uhlelo jikelele ulwazi mayelana nezwe;
• isiqinisekiso lokuhlola;
• kwemvume umphakathi, kuqinisekisa ubuqiniso imibono.

Ngayinye yalezi izinto lisinikeza enye yezindlela zokubonisa ukucabanga uvivinyo noma nje kuyindlela ukuqala kwazo kwi "kweqiniso / zamanga" ngokuhambisana nenqubo kusengaphambili.

Sensualist futhi rationalists

Ngokusho sensationalists (abamele omunye imisinga zefilosofi) umkhuba njengoba umbandela weqiniso ihlanganisa nakho kusekelwe embonweni lemizwa emhlabeni. Uma sibuyela esibonelweni ushukela, esifanisweni esisenze lungaboniswa. Uma amehlo obuka sika ungayiboni okunje into oyifunayo, izingalo zakhe nomuzwa wokuthi esitsheni sikashukela ayinalutho ke kukhona ngempela yini ushukela.

Rationalists ngaphandle kwekukholwa kutsi kutetayeta njengoba umbandela weqiniso kuhlanganisa konke kodwa bezibona sezinzwa. Bakholelwa, futhi kube kufanele, ukuthi imizwa kungaba ukukhohlisa, futhi uncamela ancike logic abstract: ukucabanga futhi izibalo ezithile. Okungukuthi, ukuze uthole ukuthi esitsheni sikashukela ayinalutho, kubalulekile lokuqala konke ukungabaza. Akuzona yini akhohlise izinzwa? Kungazelelwe kwaba ukubona izinto ezingekho okuvezwa ukudungeka kwemizwa? Ukuze uhlole iqiniso okwashiwo, kubalulekile ukuthatha irisidi kusuka esitolo ukubona kangakanani ushukela yathengwa nalapho. Khona-ke thola ukuthi kungakanani umkhiqizo iye idliwe, futhi zikhiqiza izibalo ezilula. Okuwukuphela kwendlela ukuthola ncamashi kangakanani ushukela ishiywa.

ukuqhubeka lo mqondo kuye kwaholela ukuvela umqondo ukuhambisana. Ngokusho Abasekeli mbono, umuntu uqeqeshiwe njengesisebenzi umbandela we iqiniso akusho kokuhlola izibalo, kodwa umane ukuhlaziya ubuhlobo amaqiniso. Kufanele athobele uhlelo jikelele ulwazi mayelana nezwe, hhayi ukungena ezingqubuzana ke. Akubalulekile isikhathi ngasinye ukubala ukugeleza ushukela ukuthola lokho akusiyo. Ukuqinisekisa imithetho enengqondo. Uma amakhilogremu nge ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile ihlala ngeviki, futhi waziwa ezithile ke, ukuthola elingenalutho ushukela isitsha ngomgqibelo, kungenzeka ukuba sithembele nakho futhi imibono yabo ku-oda emhlabeni.

Pragmatists futhi conventionalists

Pragmatists bakholelwa ukuthi ulwazi kufanele kube nemiphumela emihle ikakhulu ngokumelene nabo kufanele kube omuhle. Uma ulwazi isebenza, kusho kweqiniso. Uma kungaphumeleli noma ayisebenzi kahle, ukuhlinzeka yalokho yekhwalithi ephansi, kusho zamanga. Ukuze umkhuba pragmatic njengoba umbandela we iqiniso kuhilela, kunalokho, ua imiphumela impahla. Uyini umehluko, ukuthi izibalo kanye bathi umuzwa? Tea kufanele kube mnandi. Ayiqiniso iziphetho ezonikeza mphumela. Kuze siyaqaphela ukuthi asinalo ushukela, itiye elimnandi ngeke. Nokho, sekuyisikhathi ukuya esitolo.

Conventionalists ngaphandle kwekukholwa kutsi kutetayeta njengoba umbandela weqiniso ngokuyinhloko kuhilela ukuqashelwa zomphakathi lweqiniso. Uma wonke umuntu okholelwa okuthile, bese linje. Uma wonke umuntu endlini bathi ushukela asikho isidingo ukuya esitolo. Uma uphuza itiye ngosawoti kanye abathi ukuthi lumnandi, ngakho ngabo usawoti kanye noshukela ayafana yini. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuqedela ushukela shaker.

Marxists

Isazi sefilosofi, owathi umkhuba njengoba umbandela we iqiniso kuhilela lwesayensi, kwaba Marx. izinto okuqina ayifunayo ukuqinisekiswa yimuphi umbono Ucwaningo, futhi mhlawumbe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Uma siqhubeka nesibonelo encane ezingenalutho ushukela isitsha, ke kaMarx okuqina kumelwe Pheqa futhi okuyinyakazisa, bese ukwenza okufanayo kwesikhwama awunalutho. Bese uzame zonke izinto endlini efana ushukela. Kungcono ukubuza ukuphinda lezi zinyathelo kwezihlobo noma omakhelwane ukuba isiphetho waqinisekisa abantu eziningana ukuze ugweme amaphutha. Phela, uma lo mkhuba ngendlela ukufanelekela weqiniso kuhilela lwesayensi, udinga ukuba acabangele amaphutha kungenzeka ekuziphatheni yayo. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi esitsheni sikashukela ayinalutho.

Futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona iqiniso?

Inkathazo zonke lezi ziphetho wukuthi akekho kubo akuqinisekisi ukuthi lokho kwaba ngendlela ethile okukhiphayo kuyoba yiqiniso. Labo izinhlelo zefilosofi, okuncike ngokuyinhloko kokuhlangenwe nakho kwawo siqu nokubona angase anikeze impendulo okuzenzakalelayo, ngomqondo ovulekile baqinisekisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-Uhlaka kwabo inkomba akunakwenzeka ulwazi inhloso. Ngoba yimuphi bezibona sezinzwa kungenziwa ukukhohliswa yilezi nemizwa efanayo. Umuntu e delirium, wakwazi ukubhala wokulandisa mayelana amademoni, eqinisekisa into ngayinye kokuma ayo futhi imizwa. Colorblind, echaza utamatisi Asiyikulala. Kodwa ingabe iqiniso kolwazi enikeziwe kubo? Ngaye, yebo, kodwa abanye? It kuvela ukuthi uma umkhuba njengoba umbandela we iqiniso kuhilela sithembele bezibona subjective yesipiliyoni, iqiniso alikho, kuba bonke. Akekho noyedwa ucwaningo zingalungisanga.

Izindlela kusekelwe umqondo yesivumelwano nomphakathi, futhi kungabazeka kakhulu. Uma iqiniso - into abantu abaningi bacabanga kuyiqiniso, ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi umhlaba uyisicaba, walala emhlane wakhe imikhomo ambalwa eminyakeni eyinkulungwane edlule? Ukuze izakhamuzi of sikhathi, yebo, lokho kwakuyiqiniso, kungenjalo akudingeki ulwazi. Kodwa ngenkathi umhlaba namanje round! It kuvela kwakukhona amaqiniso amabili? Noma noyedwa? I ukulwa kwezinkunzi okubukelwa ibizwa ngokuthi okwamanje weqiniso impi ewumnqamula-juqu ye inkunzi bullfighter. Mhlawumbe lena yiyona ndlela iqiniso kuphela okungukuthi nokungokoqobo akunakungatshazwa. Kunoma yikuphi, i-ingalahlekelwa.

Yiqiniso, ngamunye zalezi zinkolelo-mbono e okuthize okulungile. Kodwa nokho alukho uhlobo jikelele. Futhi sidinga ukuhlanganisa izindlela ezahlukene ukuqinisekiswa ezicatshangwayo, ngokuvuma ukusilela. Mhlawumbe oyinhloko iqiniso umgomo futhi eqondakalayo. Kodwa ngendlela yokuhlakanipha, singakhuluma kuphela mayelana nezinga ukusondela kuso.