Kuyini into. Emazwini akhe eziningana zefilosofi

Ngo ifilosofi, umqondo into ekugcineni kwakhiwa kuphela phakathi BC IV leminyaka, ngenkathi classical kaPlato no-Aristotle. Ngaphambi kwalokho, uphenyo eziningi zefilosofi asebenzelana ngokuyinhloko echaza izimpikiswano Cosmological neziphathelene nokuziphatha kwabantu. Udaba nolwazi izwe hhayi zithinteka kakhulu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngaphambi kokuzalwa emhlabeni ekahle kaPlato omunye zo ngesiGreki wangaba izwe lapho indoda isekhona, futhi bezibona ngabanye zomhlaba. Ngamanye amazwi, ezungezile izinto noma izenzakalo ezingokoqobo nezikhona izenzo zabantu doplatonovskuyu inkathi kwakungafanele "yangaphandle" yasendulo philosophizing owayebukele. Ngakho, lapho sekuneminyaka iyiphi into tesifundvo - a nemithelela gnosiological, elifanayo ezintweni eziphilayo noma lokumukelekako imiqondo le.

UPlato futhi wenza revolution engqondo, lapho uyakhona kukhombisa ukuthi eqinisweni ahlalisane ezintathu zizimele kusukela kwenye emhlabeni: izwe izinto, izwe imibono kanye nezwe imibono ngezinto nemibono. indlela enjalo yenziwa ngendlela ehlukile ukuze cabanga evamile hypothesis Cosmological. Esikhundleni ekutholeni umsuka wokuphila kwasekuqaleni kukhona incazelo zezwe futhi incazelo yokuthi indlela esicabanga emhlabeni. Ngakho, kuba nesidingo ukucacisa ukuthi yini into. Futhi kuyini Umbono wakhe. Ngokusho uPlato into yinto amehlo omuntu iqondiswe, okungukuthi "yangaphandle" maqondana owayebukele. Umbono ngamunye into ethathwa njengolibo isihloko. Ngakho, kwaphethwa ngokuthi abantu ezimbili ezihlukene ungaba aphikisanayo ukubukwa ngale ndaba, kodwa ngoba izwe ngaphandle (izinto zomhlaba) ziqondakala subjectively. Inhloso noma ekahle, kungaba izwe imibono.

Aristotle, esikhundleni salokho, usungula isimiso kokuhlukana. Le ndlela ngokuyisisekelo ukuhluka uPlato. Ukuze uthole ukuthi elinjani into, kwathi izwe izinto (izinto) ihlukaniswe kunjengokungathi zibe izingxenye ezimbili: ifomu nezinto ezidaliwe. Futhi "ndaba 'kwaqondwa ngokwenyama kuphela, elichazwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa okuhlangenwe nakho enokwehla, kuyilapho ifomu yanikezwa ilungelo lokuzikhethela izakhiwo elifanayo ezintweni eziphilayo futhi libhekisela kuphela izinkinga epistemology (theory yolwazi). Kulesi sici, into izwe ngokomzimba futhi incazelo yalo.

ukuqonda okunjalo ombaxambili into - ngokomzimba futhi elifanayo ezintweni eziphilayo - awushintshanga ezako zeminyaka emibili. Enginakho kuphela bezibona nangezindlela. Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela izinkondlo, isimo sengqondo Christian ephakathi. Umhlaba - ibonakalisa intando kaNkulunkulu. Umbuzo lokho yinto ayilimali nhlobo: iso umgomo ungase ube owukuphela kukaNkulunkulu nabantu, ngenxa yokungapheleli yawo kwakuyilawa isikhundla subjective kuphela. Ngakho-ke, empeleni, noma ngabe kuyaqapheleka njengoba enjalo (Frensis Bekon), namanje abe subjective, ihlukaniswe ahlukene, ezizimele kusukela enye into ngayinye. Umqondo into azalelwa kamuva, ezikhathini zanamuhla futhi ngenkathi Classicism, lapho ngokoqobo ezizungezile ayisaxhunyanisiwe beqonda kuphela njengento philosophizing. Izwe isibe umgomo ngenxa isayensi ithuthuka ngokushesha.

Namuhla, posing umbuzo "Kuyini into?" Kuyinto methodological kunokuba zefilosofi. Into ngokuvamile waqonda mkhakha wocwaningo - futhi kungaba njengoba into noma into, futhi ezinye impahla yayo, noma umthombo othile ongaphili ukuqonda abstract izakhiwo. Enye into ukuthi ngokuvamile into esachazwa izikhundla subjective, ikakhulukazi ekunqumeni ubunjalo imihlola entsha. By the way, cabanga ngalokhu: imiphakathi online namanethiwekhi inthanethi - okuyinto kulokhu isihloko, nokuthi ndaba?

Ngalo mqondo, kuyacaca: umbuzo yini into kuyehla kuphela izinkinga semthethweni ngokwesayensi. Uma umqondo ehlongozwayo noma theory buthola ukwamukelwa, singase ukufakaza ukuzalwa into entsha. Noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, deobektivizatsii izinto noma izenzakalo. Kuleli zwe, konke kuxhomeke embonweni womuntu.