Nefilosofi Russian ngaphambi kokuqala kwekhulu XIX

nefilosofi Russian wazalwa ngo umongo Eastern Slavic umcabango yenkolo yobuKristu. It kungenziwa ihlukaniswe isikhathi esisukela XI ukuba XVII leminyaka, ngemva kwalokho kufika inkathi Russian Ukukhanyiselwa (XVII-XVIII leminyaka), futhi ekugcineni, yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, futhi elalidume kunawo wonke futhi wanika emhlabeni amagama abaningi abavelele. Esandulele ekhulwini lahlala undeservedly ukhohliwe, noma okungenani akazange amehlo kakhulu. Nokho, lesi sikhathi ithakazelisa kakhulu.

Nokho, Nakuba nefilosofi ekuqaleni Russian ukuthi kakhulu ukuthonywa imfundiso yenkolo WaseByzantium, wakwazi ukuthuthukisa sinolimi lwaso lwetibalo iziphetho esisebenzayo. Izibonelo zalokhu owaziwa "Igama ngoMthetho futhi umusa" Metropolitan Illariona, sangomhla XI leminyaka - kuveze OT, ehlanganisa i "ukukhanya" umqondo imikhosi phezu "amnyama"; futhi "Ukufundiswa" uVladimir Monomakh kwekhulu XII, okungukufa izindinganiso zokuziphatha zokuziphatha abasontayo (imisebenzi emihle, ukuphenduka futhi lapho kuphiwa abampofu). "Despotism wezinzalamizi" ezakhiwa. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, njengoba izwe neyaziwayo ngendalo kaNkulunkulu, umlando kanye ngokoqobo ezizungezile ibonwa njengoba enkundleni emzabalazweni umusa namaqhinga kasathane.

Ongqondongqondo benkolo Russian basabela zibona siqu esiGrekini hesychasm ku 'ithule, umthandazo engqondo.' Yingaleso sikhathi-ke okokuqala ephakanyiswe inkinga yomuntu ifilosofi Russian. Kube imfundiso ubuqotho umuntu, zihlonzwe ngokusebenzisa yokungenwa, ukuhlaziywa ngemvelo yakhe futhi izono "Ingqikithi" "namandla akhethekile" "UNkulunkulu yindalo ezaziwayo, ngakho umuntu -. Engqondweni" Yayikhona eRussia futhi engaziwa zefilosofi yobuKristu futhi ahlanganyele ngisho lonke ukunyakaza, ngokuthi "yezihlubuki," - Strigolniki, okuyinto uqhathaniswa Cathars Western futhi amaWaldens, kanye non-abanikazi, okuyinto yena, waba imisinga nabo European ashisekela izinguquko.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi sika-internet Ivana Groznogo nefilosofi Russian livele libe uhlamvu yezombangazwe. Lokhu kungabonakala singesihambelanayo of inkosi nesihlalo sayo umngane-isitha Prince Kurbsky. abameleli balo sebeqala ukukhuluma mayelana nobuchwepheshe lokubusa kanye nekhono uhulumeni, isidingo "opekaniya" abantu ngokusebenzisa (imfihlo) uMkhandlu Wombuso. Selilonke geopolitical Wafinyelela bebheke emibhalweni Abbot Philotheus, obhekisela Russia njengoba Okwesithathu eRoma, "kanti owesine angabi yedwa." Kwakukhona ifilosofi yezwe ulunge kangakanani autocracy angenamkhawulo njengoba Ivan Peresvetov futhi Ermolay Erazm. Umfundisi omkhulu wesonto Nikon wazama ukucabanga amandla angokomoya phezu wokuziphilisa, "ngendlela Latin", futhi Yuri Krizanic wabiza ubunye lwamaSlav ngokumelene esiGrekini futhi usongo German.

nefilosofi Russian Yiqiniso, wazizwa umthelela Western Europe ngisho uyakuthanda fashion ngesikhathi izinkinga, isibonelo, ngobuhlobo kuya yamaGreki namaRoma isiko lasendulo. Lena ejwayelekile ekupheleni XVII eminyaka XVIII, uma kukhona ekuvuselelweni yokucabanga wokuziphilisa. Okokuqala, ngaleso sikhathi ekudalweni futhi bachuma YaseMoscow University, lapho imfundiso waqala isuke Latin Russian. Kube lonke Umthala zefilosofi we Ukukhanyiselwa, ezifana Feofan Prokopovich, Stefan Jaworski, Shcherbakov, Kozelskiy, Tretyakov, Anichkov, Baturin, owenza umzamo wakhe siqu synthesize tincenye isiko lasendulo futhi Christian.

nefilosofi Russian we Ukukhanyiselwa bangaziqhayisa nomele ezifana Mikhail Lomonosov. Njengoba ayeyindoda umsuka othobekile, ephothula Petersburg Academy futhi waba polymath kweqiniso, wabhala inombolo kwemisebenzi, ezisukela Mechanics, i-physics kanye nezimayini ziphethe amanothi nezombusazwe "ukulondolozwa wayo nokukhula kwayo kuyisimangaliso abantu Russian." Waxoxela eziningi ezithuthukayo ngesikhathi sawo ibukeka isayensi, kuhlanganise isimiso 'non-ukuphazamiseka "emfundisweni ku physics wefilosofi zemvelo, ndaba namandla adonsela phansi, akuxhomekile intando yaphezulu, i-" imithetho yemvelo "kanye nesakhiwo kulomhlaba" ka corpuscles " (okunguMoya ilindele-athomu theory molekuryarnoy okuphathelene nokwakheka kwendawo yonke), njalo njalo. Lomonosov babewahlonipha imibono Giordano Bruno ku sebuningini imihlaba futhi bakubone umthetho ukulondolozwa izinto namandla. Ukuba umuntu ohlakaniphile okungavamile, washiya inzalo yakhe iyisikhuthazo elikhulu: "Okwenzeka angaphezu kwenkulungwane imicabango yabantu, kodwa ukusetshenziswa neumeyuschih okucabanga, nakho kuyize."