Mkhathi "Inqubekela": umlando ekudalweni

Esikhaleni lesintu landizela kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, isikhala ubuchwepheshe iye yathuthuka kakhulu. Kodwa uma osomkhathi hlala esiteshini esemkhathini isikhathi eside, kukhona isidingo commercial isikhala zokuthutha, nge wezimpahla kufanele kube njalo. Omunye izixazululo elula yale nkinga kwaba ukuthuthukiswa izimoto ezikhethekile. Ngesisekelo le "Soyuz", siqhutshwa abashayeli, ososayensi baye wadala imoto wezimpahla isikhala.

benza umqondo yokudala emkhunjini wezimpahla (CC) Kanjani?

Umgomo wenhlangano ukukhulisa traffic kungaqondakala esikhathini sokuphila esiteshini esemkhathini. The kungenzeka mkhathi bavimba imigwaqo "Soyuz" ikhono nezinto ezidingekayo kanye okudlekayo ayadingeka ukuze yini nokusekela ukuphila kwakhe bese uqedela esiteshini umsebenzi kanye nezisebenzi Thina babezihluphekela. Ngakho-ke, umkhumbi ekhethekile "Inqubekela" ngokusebezisa esiphezulu lakhiwe mkhathi (SC) "Union" proven ngokuya indiza othomathikhi kahle.

amapharamitha

Ukubaluleka ngokwakha umkhumbi wezimpahla awuzange ngisho kuxoxwa. Umbuzo wawuwukuthi kungaba kanjani.

Saxoxa Ubukhulu bayo, izinto kumele sisetshenziswe indalo yayo, kanye nezinto ezidingekayo. Zonke lezi mibuzo babe edidayo kakhulu, futhi abanye bahlale kuze kube namuhla. Amapharamitha ukuthi kwadingeka ukuba umkhumbi "Inqubekela", kwakudingekile ukuba ulungise izidingo umthwalo futhi nenani imishini on ebhodini. Onjiniyela awavumelani phezu bavimba imigwaqo kanye unmanned ongakhetha mkhathi.

Esimweni sokuqala, njengosuku inzuzo enkulu-ke kubonisa ikhono ubuyele emhlabathini ezinye izinto noma imishini. Ngo samuntu yesibili eyenziwa inzuzo ukonga: zonke izinto nge imiphumela yocwaningo kwadingeka abuyele neqembu elisebenza. kahle Korab kwaba yinto eza kuqala.

design

Imisuka umkhumbi "Inqubekela" iklanywe ngendlela efana ukudala umsindo njengoba kancane ukuze antenna, izinzwa kanye nama-solar. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini ephelelwe yisikhathi idinga ukushintshwa. Futhi ukwenza lokhu kwakudingekile ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. isikhathi kwezidingo kwezimpahla kwadingeka ukuba kuncishiswe, kanye acabangele izimo ezingalindelekile. ukuphathwa emsebenzini, isiqondiso futhi ukufakwa ukulungiswa kwadingeka alungise ukuze ahlinzeke ezingeni elifanele kokuqhuba aqondisa nge esiteshini esemkhathini.

Ngokusho izibalo, ubukhulu elilungile kanye isisindo "Inqubekela" emkhunjini wezimpahla ngangokunokwenzeka ngokuvumelana nemingcele imikhumbi-mkhathi "Soyuz". Lokhu umsebenzi lula kakhulu, njengoba kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele amathuluzi, yesifunda netakhiwo ukwakhiwa umkhumbi. Kwanqunywa ukuthi imishini nezinto zokwakha izonikelwa esiteshini uzobe elise egunjini elikhethekile ngoba umthwalo. Yena uphawu futhi ifakwe iyunithi docking ne dweba ukufinyelela gumbi uqobo. Insimbi emkhunjini zitholakala on-ebhodini izinhlelo.

linezingxenye

Esikhathini gumbi unpressurized, okuyinto Ubuye umkhumbi ezokuthutha "Inqubekela", ibekwe pnevmogidrosistemy. ayifakiwe Ngakho angangeni umusi fuel ku egumbini lokuphumula. Esimeni ukuvuza igesi ingcindezi onomfutho ngaphakathi linezingxenye uphawu akufanele idlule ejwayelekile.

Avuzayo gumbi futhi enziwe amayunithi isimiso sokutshuza nezilungiselelo: orientation, izingxenye kanye nokulungisa.

Amasampula lokuqala

Abaklami wakucabangela izinto ezifana ukuqala isisindo, okuyinto has a umkhumbi ezokuthutha "Inqubekela", kusayizi waso omkhulu lapho antenna eligoqiwe, lona wamuva kwakungamelwe idlule ubukhulu afana "Soyuz". Lokhu kuzosetshenziswa i yethulwa booster, elibonisa emzileni mkhathi.

Ngenxa yalokho, amasampula indiza aqalwa athuthukile. Sebenza imibhalo design, imidvwebo imibhalo tekusebenta kwenziwa kusuka 1974 kuya ku-1976. Okusalungiswa msebenzi waphothulwa Februwari 1974, kanye indiza iphethini yokuqala eyenzeka ngo-1977 ngemuva kokuphela ukuthuthukiswa yayo ngo-February. ngomkhumbi wezimpahla Okokuqala ayifake emkhathini, 01/20/1978

Ekuqaleni, "Inqubekela" mkhathi i ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla, lamiswa ngo impinda. Kamuva, uhulumeni wayala ezengeziwe amayunithi 50.

Phakathi kuka-1978 kuya ku-1994, imikhumbi yezimpahla ezifana "Inqubekela" ziye ngokuphindaphindiwe esetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa. Phakathi izifundo ezinkulu kwaba ukudala i-prototype nge ukusebenza isikhala radar izinhlelo ukuze kutholwe surface futhi izinto ngaphansi kwamanzi, kanye nohlaka antenna umsakazo omkhulu, imishini yokukhanya lesikhala nezokuxhumana kanye reflectors umsebe wokukhanya kwelanga ukusuka endaweni. Ngesisekelo the Civil Code module wadala kamuva "Gamma", idivayisi ekhethekile okuzenzakalelayo Astrophysics.

Imiphumela

Operating okuhlangenwe nakho kuye kwabonisa ukuthi mkhathi lokuqala "Inqubekela M" futhi "Inqubekela" ukwazi njalo ukunikeza iziteshi esemkhathini nezinto ezidingekayo kanye nezinto ngomsebenzi wabo isikhathi eside futhi ithele emzileni. Kuze 1985, babengabokuqala ukuklama imishini ekwazi ukuzilawula kuphela.

"Union" emkhunjini wezimpahla Yakhiwa kusekelwe ngokuyinhloko mkhathi design. Noma kunjalo, qualitatively nezakhi ezihlukene, ngakho ongaxazulula izinkinga ezibalulekile ayengenawo namanye amadivayisi.

Ngemva kokudlula ezikhungweni ukuhlolwa eside futhi ugibelile indiza izinhlelo, ukuguqulwa umkhumbi "Inqubekela" baqinisekisa ukwethembeka okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngenxa yalokho, 27 wezimpahla mkhathi igcwaliswe Uhlelo oluyisisekelo indiza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhumbi wezimpahla baba base ngempumelelo zezinhlobo ezahlukene ucwaningo kanye nekusungulwa ithemba amayunithi yinkimbinkimbi ezahlukene kakhulu.

Ngesisekelo omunye ukulungiswa kwenziwe ukuthuthukisa HA entsha "Inqubekela M-2" senzelwe-International Space Station. Sebekwazi ukwakha imikhumbi yezimpahla ezokuthutha emikhulu nezinye izimoto kwethulwa, ezifana "Zenith".

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwathiwa empeleni afeze eziyinkimbinkimbi aqondisa, ucwaningo nokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe entsha imfucuza. Futhi konke lokhu ngokusebenzisa kudalwa a multi-purpose wezimpahla othomathikhi umkhumbi.