Nezokudoba. Ukudoba imikhumbi. Fish ukucutshungulwa izinkampani. UMthetho Federal "Ngo Fisheries futhi Nokongiwa Aquatic eziphilayo Resources"

Fish iyisici esibalulekile yokudla komuntu. Lo mkhiqizo ocebile hhayi kuphela amaprotheni kodwa futhi amafutha, kanye zonke izinhlobo wusizo emzimbeni amaminerali namavithamini. Embonini yokudoba esikhathini sethu, naphezu kobunzima, siyaqhubeka nokuguquguquka. Kule ndawo umsebenzi namuhla njengoba amabhizinisi amancane kanye naphakathi noma enkulu.

Lapho eRussia zibanjwa futhi kusetshenzwe izinhlanzi

восемь: izifunda Major lunye ezifana ezweni lakithi kukhona eziyisishiyagalombili:

• West.
• Azov-Black Sea.
• лжско -Каспийский. Ngo lzhsko -Kaspiysky.
• North.
• IBaikal.
• альневосточный. D alnevostochny.
• West laseSiberia.
• East-laseSiberia.

в России добывается на Дальнем Востоке. zasemanzini imithombo Iningi begazi eRussia ikhiqizwa Ekude. рыбной промышленности страны. Enterprises yalesi sifunda abhekwa isisekelo embonini yokudoba wezwe. I share zaseMpumalanga Ekude seyihlanganisa 60% yonke imikhiqizo zilethwe emakethe kwalesi silwane. Izinkampani West Basin ngaphambi kulesi sifunda ngokuyinhloko kuphela ukukhiqizwa ukudla okusemathinini. akhawunti Bona cishe 57% wokukhulula kwemikhiqizo enjalo. Enterprises North Basin isahola ekukhiqizeni ifolishi izinhlanzi kanye bone kokudla, ilethwa noboya amapulazi.

umkhakha Ukudoba: izibalo

Ngo-2016 abayizigidi ezingu-4,7 amathani izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba ophilayo izinsiza zasemanzini zavezwa eRussia. Lesi sibalo ayizinkulungwane 248. Amathani ephakeme kunaleyo ngonyaka odlule. Kulokhu catch eliseMpumalanga Ekude kukhuphuke ngo-8%, esibalelwa kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-3.5. Esikhathini North Basin lesi sibalo sakhuphuka ngamaphesenti 1.4%. Kule ndawo yayibizwa kuvuna ayizinkulungwane 567. Amathani amanzi bioresources. Ngo Azovo-Black nemicengezi Western ukukhula amazinga 5.6%. Izinkampani esifundeni kusetshenzwe futhi ibekwe emakethe 103 ayizinkulungwane. Amathani bio-imithombo. Ngo catch Western umcengezi sinyuke ngo-12%, futhi iVolga-iCaspian ngeshwa kwehle ngo-2.4%. Kulezi zifunda, ngoba ngonyaka kuvuna 34 68 ayizinkulungwane. Amathani bio-imithombo.

imisebenzi esemqoka

Ukuze injongo kwezomnotho, leli gatsha komnotho kungokwalabo iqembu "B" (impahla). Nokho, ingxenye Russian embonini yokudoba amabhizinisi kufakwe "A" iqembu (izindlela zokukhiqiza). Kunoma ikuphi, imisebenzi esemqoka ye wemboni yilezi:

• ukudoba nokulungiselela izinhlanzi;
• umfutho isiqondiso isivuno;
• kabusha ophilayo izinsiza zasemanzini;
• lezimpahla izinhlanzi umlimi;
• Ukuvikelwa yamanzi bioresources.

Yini amabhizinisi afakiwe

Imboni yokudoba jikelele kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa intuthuko yezenhlalo nezomnotho yeRussia. Lendawo ukuphathwa ezweni lakithi, njengoba kunoma iyiphi enye, uyinto eyinkimbinkimbi, esihlobene eziyinkimbinkimbi ezimbonini. It lingena ngaphansi umkhakha kwasolwandle, isibonelo:

• imikhumbi yokudoba;
• imbobo kanye nokulungiswa izakhiwo;
• izinkampani onguchwepheshe ezifanelekayo ukufuya izinhlanzi;
• amabhizinisi wahlanganyela izinhlanzi ukucutshungulwa;
• net wokwenza izimboni;
• Warehousing;
• Fisheries Research Institute, nokunye. D.

Izinkampani ezikhiqiza emikhunjini yokudoba e yokwakheka umkhakha akufakiwe. amabhizinisi ezinjalo ziyingxenye umkhakha shipbuilding wezwe.

Fleet: Izinkinga kanye nezixazululo

Yiqiniso, iningi zonke izinhlanzi yanikezwa emakethe yasekhaya, obuswa ezilwandle, olwandle, emachibini, amachibi nemifula. Kuphela ingxenye encane yale mikhiqizo etshalwa amachibi yokufakelwa. Ngokwezibalo, langempela self-ukudoba eRussia okwamanje izikebhe ikakhulukazi ezincane kanye esincane. ыбной промышленности. Lokhu ikakhulukazi inkinga zanamuhla imboni yasekhaya ybnoy p. не могут вести лов в отдаленных океанических зонах. Phela, inkantolo esinjalo singeze sibe ngokudoba e akude nolwandle izindawo. Ngakubona le nkinga, ngeshwa, kudala - esikhathini wokugoqa Soviet. Iqiniso liwukuthi iningi umthamo ukukhiqizwa imikhumbi emikhulu babeyizinceku phesheya. Ngo-USSR, lezi zitshalo ezakhiwa ikakhulukazi endaweni ye-Ukraine naseLithuania.

а рыболовецкого флота в плане оснащенности крупными судами в России, скорее всего, в ближайшее время будет решена. Nokho, izinkinga kanye imikhumbi yokudoba ngokuya imishini imithambo emikhulu eRussia, cishe, maduze ukuxazululwa. Развитие гражданской морской техники» (2009-2016 гг.). Kakade, izwe isigcwaliseke ngokuphelele iphrojekthi "Development of Civil Marine Engineering" (2009-2016 GG.). Ngu-2017, 13 shipyards ezisebenza endaweni yeRussia. Futhi abaningi babo bangabantu ngempela uyakwazi ukwakha imikhumbi emikhulu.

Ukwenza ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphrojekthi izikebhe ezifanayo, kuhlanganise nezilimi ezithile zocwaningo Russian. Isisekelo umthamo wemvula yemikhumbi yokudoba eRussia esikhathini esizayo esiseduze lingathuthukiswa ukukhonza Ochwepheshe zabo:

• Elikhulu efrijini Isikebhe sokudoba 11480.
• Isilinganiso Isikebhe sokudoba-seiner 13728.

Futhi, ososayensi bethu usanda kwethula eziningana amaphrojekthi amasha yesimanje izikebhe ezincane lokudoba.

ukucutshungulwa izitshalo

Ukukhiqizwa nomthamo lo mkhakha umnotho kazwelonke ayatholakala kuzo zonke izifunda of Russia. Into kuphela - ezindaweni ngokushesha eseduze ezilwandle, izilwandle nemifula emikhulu, bona, yebo, ngaphezulu. выпуском консервов, полуфабрикатов из рыбы, сушкой, копчением водных биоресурсов, их предварительной обработкой и заморозкой и т. д. Zibandakanye izinhlanzi ukucutshungulwa izinkampani angakhipha ukudla okusemathinini, imikhiqizo Semi-siphelile kusuka inhlanzi, omisiwe, ngabhema izinsiza zasemanzini eziphilayo, abo pre-ukwelashwa kanye okokuqandisa nokunye. D.

Ukuba ibhizinisi ezifana ezikhethekile bengayi kuphela ezweni. Nokusebenzisa kabusho imikhiqizo esisebenzile kuvame ukwenziwa ngqo emikhunjini yokudoba. "Vsevolod Sibirtsev" - Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona yonke i umkhumbi unina lokhu lunye eRussia. Kuyinto enkulu embonini yokudoba phezu kwamanzi. Yiqiniso, umenzi uyabanikeza emakethe ne sha, isagcine okumnandi kakhulu. Ngokwe Ubukhulu jikelele elintantayo izinhlanzi ifektri ifaniswe indlu 12-storeyed. isizinda Umnikazi "Vsevolod Sibirtsev" njengamanje yilona inkampani "Yuzhmorrybflot".

Muva nje, inhlanzi ukucutshungulwa wezwe umkhakha yobunzima eside. Ngaphezu kwakho konke kuvuna ophilayo izinsiza zasemanzini enikeziwe izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe. Nokho, kule minyaka 5-7 iminyaka isimo kulesi sici e laseRussia aqala ngaphambi kokuba izinze. Namuhla, injongo eyinhloko izinhlanzi imboni lehlanganisa tinhlelo lizonwetshwa ukukhiqizwa ukuze esikhundleni imikhiqizo amazwe emakethe yasekhaya.

Amabhizinisi ngobukhulu

Manje e-Russia esebenza mayelana 700 naphakathi, ezincane nezinkulu izinhlanzi ukucubungula izitshalo. Futhi lokhu Yebo, akuwona umkhawulo. Kucatshangwa ngu 2023 izwe kuyodingeka izitshalo ambalwa ngaphezulu ezinkulu lunye ezinjalo. Lokhu kwashiwo ngu ummeleli Federal Agency for Nezokudoba kule ngqungquthela 6 10th Forum 2016 WorldFood.

рыбоперерабатывающие комбинаты и компании, как: Namuhla, kunamabandla, isibonelo, ezifana enkulu izinhlanzi ukucutshungulwa izitshalo futhi izinkampani ezifana:

• "Rybprom" (Rostov esifundeni).
• "TD Altayryba +" (Altai).
• "Kerchrybholod" (eCrimea).
• "Izwe Russian wokudoba" (eMoscow).
• "Sakhalin Fish Inkampani."
• Hlanganisa futhi Krasnosel'skii t. D.

Enterprises wahlanganyela izinhlanzi ukulima

Industrial zokudoba, kanye lwemikhumbi eRussia namuhla indlela ivela kanye umkhakha ethembisa ngempela. I share izinkampani ukuthi ezikhethekile lizwe ngempela ingxenye enkulu imithombo okuqhubekayo begazi. Ukwenza amabhizinisi lokhu lunye okhulayo whitefish futhi carp izinhlanzi zilwane main. Njengezinye izinkampani kakhulu embonini, ukudoba okwamanje kanti ibhekene nobunzima, kodwa noma kunjalo ngempela uye wakwenza ngokuzimisela athuthukile. Ukukhuthazwa kuya steel, kuhlanganise European Union eziphoqelelwe unswinyo, yalahla iRussia.

Njengengxenye yohlelo yokungenisa esikhundleni isimo waqala ukusekela amabhizinisi onguchwepheshe ukutshala inhlanzi, bamatasa kakhulu. корма, посадочный материал и т. д. Также в стране были закреплены приоритетные права на использование рыбоводных участков за теми предприятиями, которые выполняют государственные условия и нормы. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Russia waqeda nentela ezinhlotsheni ezithile imishini, feed, imbewu nokunye. D. kwesokudla igunya ukusebenzisa izindawo inhlanzi-yokuzalela labo amabhizinisi nazo livikeleke lizwe ukuthi enze izimo nezilinganiso zombuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkampani okwamanje le lunye bavame olunikezwa tinhlobo letehlukene noxhaso kungancipha noma ezaqedwa ngokuphelele izintela.

Umthetho olawula catch

Yiqiniso, ukukhiqizwa izinhlanzi ezweni lethu Kwenziwa ikhumbula isidingo replenishment esifike izinqolobane zayo futhi nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. It ulawula yonke lezi zinkinga umthetho "Ngo Fisheries futhi Nokongiwa Aquatic eziphilayo Resources". Lo mbhalo kwavunyelwana Novemba 26, 2004. Izigigaba kwakamuva okwamanje ke yethulwa ngo-2016.

Ngokusho kwalo mthetho, ezifana ukudoba emanzini Russia awukwazi usebenzise izinhlangano ezingokomthetho ngaphansi kokulawula zimali angaphandle. Empeleni kakhulu ukudoba ezweni lethu, kule dokhumenti ihlukaniswa ezimbonini, ukungcebeleka, ugu, njll D.

О рыболовстве и сохранении водных биологических ресурсов» при ловле должны в России не только юридические лица, но и физические. Yiqiniso, athobele umthetho "Ngo yokudoba kanye ukugcinwa kwezindawo zasemanzini begazi" lapho ukudoba izinhlangano kumele hhayi kuphela Russian zomthetho, kodwa futhi ngokomzimba. Ngokwephulwa zoMthetho idokhumenti enikeziwe kokubili izinhlawulo zokuphatha kanye nomthetho wezobugebengu.

Empeleni ukudoba ukusetshenziswa siqu emanzini wezwe, ngokomthetho, singaba ubani futhi ngokuphelele khulula. Ukukhiqizwa kuphela bio-izinsiza kuleli cala kumele kwenziwe ngezindlela kuvunyelwe. Sebenzisa ukuphithizela kwenethiwekhi, isibonelo, i-ngokudoba e amachibi, imifula kanye namachibi kungavunyelwe kuleli zwe. Umthetho ihlukaniswe imithetho nemitheshwana abadobi abavamile namalungu imiphakathi abafanele. Ukuba anikezwe amalungelo ngaphezulu. суточный для личного потребления, к примеру, для обычного рыбака составляет 3 кг, для члена общества — 5 кг. I kuvunyelwe nsuku zonke izinhlanzi catch ukudliwa siqu, isibonelo, umdobi kodokotela 3 kg, ngoba lomphakathi - 5 kg.