Minaret - kuyini? Umsuka, umlando kanye nezici amafomu yezakhiwo

Minaret ngomqondo ongokoqobo yegama elithi uwukubonakaliswa yonke izakhiwo Islamic. Umbhoshongo - element kakhulu amehlo ekubambeni ukwakhiwa, into esemqoka ukuthi ikwenza kucace isihambi abangenalwazi kuyinto mosque phambi kwakhe. Noma kunjalo, zokuhlobisa, isici yezakhiwo - akusiyo ebalulekile minaret, kubalulekile ukusebenza yayo.

Uyini minaret? ithiyori Basic yomsuka wawo

Igama elithi "minaret" livela elithi Arabhu "Manar", okuyinto elihunyushwe ngokuthi "yesibani". Igama, njengoba singabona ligcine minaret ongokomfanekiso, efana lighthouse, wenzelwe ukunikeza izingane ulwazi. Lapho nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey kuqala amadolobha asogwini ku izihloko zazo ovuthayo imililo emikhunjini ukuze ucacise indlela eya coves.

Cishe 100 edlule, i Isazi sezinto ezindala zaseGibhithe Butler wasikisela ukuthi ifomu ibhanela nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey ka Cairo Mamluk inkathi, okuyinto umbhoshongo eyahlukene-imibhoshongo eyodwa ngakolunye, kuba zokuhlola we Alexandria yesibani - eqashelwayo wonder yezakhiwo zezwe lasendulo. Ngeshwa, owayephila senziwe kuphela incazelo Pharos Alexandria. Noma kunjalo, ngalolo lighthouse kwaba njengoba yayinjalo ngesikhathi lapho ama-Arabhu waya eGibithe, ukuze umbono ka zokweboleka amafomu yakhe yezakhiwo kukhona ozwakalayo yaziwa.

Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lesi nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey - izindlalifa yezakhiwo ziggurats owawuthandwa kakhulu eMesophothamiya. Ngokwesibonelo, noma ubani ujwayelene ngesimo ziggurat, ungakwazi ukulandelela zifana yakhe eya minaret imitha-50 ka-Al-Mallow e Samarra.

Futhi omunye eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma yefomu umsuka nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey is zokweboleka izilungiselelo zabo yezakhiwo besuka emibhoshongweni isonto. Le nguqulo osebenza ku nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey isikwele cylindrical ukuma cross-Sectional.

Ukuqokwa komgwamanda nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey

It wezwa ucingo umthandazo kusukela minaret nsuku zonke. Lapho mosque kunabantu abaqeqeshiwe - the muezzin, izikhulu zabo yemfanelo zihlanganisa nsuku isaziso amahlanu ngesikhathi ekuqaleni umthandazo.

Ukuze ekhuphukela phezulu minaret, okungukuthi Sharaf (kuvulandi), i-muezzin senyuka ezitebhisini Kuvunguza ngaphakathi minaret. nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey ezehlukene zinezidingo inombolo ehlukile Sharafov (elilodwa noma amabili, noma 3-4): Ukuphakama minaret liyipharamitha ukuthi inquma inani.

Njengoba ezinye nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey imibuthano iwumngcingo kule ezitebhisini Kuvunguza kungaba azinakubalwa, ukuze ukwanda kwe-izitezi baba lonke sizi futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuthatha amahora (ikakhulukazi uma muezzin wayesemdala).

Ngaleso sikhathi samanje umsebenzi muezzin ngaphezulu lula. Yena akusadingeki ukukhuphuka minaret. Kuyini kwenzeke, ungase ubuze, lokho kushintshile njengoba umthetho Islamic? Impendulo ilula - entuthukweni yezobuchwepheshe. With ukuthuthukiswa mass isaziso ubuchwepheshe wonke umsebenzi for the muezzin baqala ukudlalela isikhulumi ogibele Sharaf minaret 5 izikhathi ngosuku idlala ngokuzenzakalela irekhodi adhan - ucingo umthandazo.

Umlando kokwakhiwa nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey

Mosque lokuqala kakhulu nge imibhoshongo, kepha efaniswe nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey, lakhiwa eDamaseku nelesi-8. Lokhu mosque kwaba 4 ongaphakeme umbhoshongo sikwele, cishe izakhamuzi zaseBosnia zifana kusuka ukuphakama jikelele izakhiwo yezakhiwo. Ngamunye umbhoshongo ngamunye mosque ngalokwanele okusikhumbuza minaret. Kuyini Thina esiqokiwe lezi kwemibhoshongo ezisele kocingo ESonto LamaRoma Temple of Jupiter, owayemi kusayithi mosque wangaphambili, hhayi indlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile.

Ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi umbhoshongo Roman azisuswanga yokuthi yayisetshenziswa njengendlela mosque: muezzins emzini wabo amaSulumane umthandazo. Ngemva kwesikhashana ambalwa ngaphezulu pyramidal eziqongweni ezakhiwa ngalezi kwemibhoshongo wazinza, okwathi ngemva kwalokho waqala ukufana nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey we Mamluk inkathi njengalabo Samarra.

Khona-ke kukhona isiko, owawuthi a fu elinobuthi ingakha mosque ezingaphezu kweyodwa minaret. Facilities ezakhiwa ngemiyalo yezikhulu nababusi, babe esiqongweni ubuciko yezakhiwo amaSulumane. Ukuhlanganisa isikhundla salo we sultans elibusayo ayizange ukuhlala phezu kuphela nezimpahla, yaqasha abaklami engcono kabusha mosque ne nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey eziningi kangaka (6 ngisho 7), ngezinye izikhathi akazange unekhono ngokomzimba ukuze uqede enye minaret. Kuyini kungasho ngesilinganiso esifanayo, ubukhazikhazi, ukweqisa ekwakhiweni amathempeli kanye nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey, singabonisa indaba elandelayo.

Lapho wakha i-Suleymaniye Mosque, kwakukhona kwekhefu elide ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa. Lapho bezwa lokhu, ngenhloso Safavid Shah Tahmasib mina bakugcone futhi Sultan wamthumelela ibhokisi amagugu nemihlobiso, ukuze kubo wakwazi ukuqhubeka ukwakhiwa. Sultan, bathukutheliswa ukuklolodelwa, ngaphambilini wezakhiwo yakhe ukuhlukanisa yonke amagugu, uxove wabayisa ngeziningi zezinto zokwakha ulakhe kusukela minaret. Ngokusho amarekhodi athile engaqondile ukuthi minaret ka Suleymaniye mosque isikhathi eside kukhona enhlobonhlobo elangeni.

Ukwakhiwa nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey

I minaret mosque njengoba isici esisodwa kudala nge eziyinkimbinkimbi wakhe nolimi yezakhiwo. Kukhona izakhi eziyisisekelo eziningana ukwakha minaret. Kuyini kukhona lezi zinto zibukeke, kungabonakala cishe njalo mosque eziyinkimbinkimbi.

minaret umbhoshongo ogibele isisekelo esiqinile amatshe kanye clamping izinto.

Along azungezwe we umbhoshongo has kuvulandi ensikeni Sharaf, owavele, uncika mukarny - Amashalofu okubeka zokuhlobisa benzela usekelo emphemeni.

Ngesikhathi phezulu minaret kuyinto umbhoshongo cylindrical Petek, okuyinto nawo lo Spire nge ucezu.

Ngokuyinhloko nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey zenziwa zamatshe abaziweyo, ngoba impahla esitebeleni kunazo futhi iqine. Isakhiwo sangaphakathi ukumelana olunikezwa nezitebhisi enezivikelo eziqinile.