ROC Yini lokhu? Isonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia

UbuKristu eRussia yaqala ukusakaza ekhulwini IX. Le nqubo ibizwa ngamagama ashubile kuthonywa isondele amaqhawe WaseByzantium, zizibiza ngamaKristu. Ukubhekana lo mbuzo: "ROC - okungukuthi," lokumba umlando ERussia yasendulo, lapho imisebenzi zemfundo lwamaSlav ekuqaleni wahlanganyela abashumayeli kancane - abafowethu Kirill mina Mefody. Abokuqala ababhapathizwa wathatha Princess Olga Kiev e 954. Lo mcimbi nomthelela yokuthi ngemva Kiev Prince uVladimir e 988, kwabhapathizwa Rus.

Umlando Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia

Ngo-pre-Mongol isikhathi Russian iSonto kwaba muzi we waseConstantinople Sabefundisi, ubani ongimise wedolobha yakhe amaGreki. Nokho, ngo-1051 sobukhosi lokuqala baba Russian Metropolitan uHilarion - abafunde kakhulu enkolweni.

Umlando Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia ebonisa ukuthi ukwakhiwa amasonto magnificent laseRussia laqala ngo X leminyaka, futhi kusukela ngekhulu XI idale emnothweni wokuqala Izigodlo.

Isigodlo lokuqala (Crypt), eyasungulwa St Antoniy Pechersky wangenisa 1051, yalahla iRussia Athos indela. Lo muzi waba isikhungo zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni eRussia. Esikhathini esizayo, izindela nje kuphela izikhungo okungokomoya kodwa futhi kugxile amasiko imfundo, okwakukhona umlando, elihunyushwe izincwadi zenkolo yaqhakaza iconography.

Ukuhlanganisa principalities

Umangele: "ROC - lokho", kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi esikhathini kwehlukana izinduna ka XII leminyaka, kuphela Lobu-Orthodox lahlala umphathi oyinhloko umbono ubunye abantu Russian owaphikisa ukuxabana kwesikhulu njalo.

Ekhulwini XIII eRussia ehlaselwa lwesiTatar-Mongol izindimbane, kodwa wahluleka ukuphula Russian Church. Ngokuziphatha, ngokomoya nangezinto ezibonakalayo, yena saba negalelo ekwakhiweni ubunye zezombusazwe Russian.

Ekhulwini XIV, waqala hlanganani azungeze eMoscow ubukhulu Russian. iziKhulu Omkhulu Russian ngaba umsizi ezingokomoya wezikhulu eMoscow.

abangane enkulu

Metropolitan Alexy waba umeluleki St. Prince Dmitry Donskoy. Saint uJona, Metropolitan eMoscow wasiza iSikhulu eMoscow ekulondolozeni ubunye kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo kanye ekunqanyulweni kwe izimpi amakhosi asendulo.

Orthodox Saint Sergiy Radonezhsky ngabusiswa Kulikov impi Dmitri Donskoy, lokhu feat kwakuyisiqalo yokukhululwa amazwe isiRashiya amaMongol.

Shono abaningi banesithakazelo isihloko "ROC - kuyini?" Futhi lapha endaweni yokuqala kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi iSonto Lobu-Orthodox kwasiza ekulondolozeni isiko ukwazi kazwelonke abantu Russian. Ngokwesibonelo, e ukwakhiwa lo XIII ekhulwini uqalwe Pochaev Lavra, ngakho uthi Orthodox asentshonalanga Russian.

Phakathi XIV kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu xv eRussia wabekwa kuya ku-180 zezindela. Umcimbi abalulekile kwaba ekusungulweni zintathu-uSergiyu Monastery e 1334 yi uMfundisi Saint uSergiyu ka Radonezh. Lokhu sezindela ifakiwe ku ithalente lakhe elimangalisayo uMfundisi Andrei Rublev.

Aftokefaliya. izinzalamizi Orthodox Russian

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uhulumeni waseRussia waqala ukuba bathole amandla namakhono ukuqeda laba bahlaseli, futhi lokhu kwaba namandla kakhulu nonamandla Orthodox eRussia. Nge ukuqonda ukuthi Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia, kufika ukuqonda indima yayo enkulu emlandweni wombuso.

Ngaphambi kokuwa yoMbuso WaseByzantium e 1448, iSonto Russian ithola uzibuse walo kusukela Sabefundisi waseConstantinople. Kuthunyelwe Council ababhishobhi isiRashiya, Metropolitan uJona waba Metropolitan eMoscow All Russia.

Futhi manje, 1589 , uJobe - Metropolitan eMoscow - iba Umbhishobhi lokuqala eRussia.

Ekhulwini XVII eRussia uhlaselwe abahlaseli Polish-Swedish. Kodwa isonto Russian lapha akazange adikibale. Patriot Omkhulu uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Ergemon ukuthi ukholo bahlaseli, kodwa nguye ubhongoza obungokomoya balabo abezempi ka Minin futhi Pozharsky.

Emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke isimo Russian futhi wachaza ukumelana nobuqhawe ngoZiqu-zintathu-uSergiyu Lavra, lo kanye nabasePoland nase-abaseSweden ku 1608-1610 GG.

Okulandelayo inzalamizi, Nikon, wahlanganyela guqula kuphumele kuqhekeka Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia kwamiswa. Lezi Izinguquko ezithile ziye zaba baqhubeka ekhulwini XVIII ngu-Peter I. 1700, ngemva kokufa uMbhishobhi Omkhulu u-Adrian, le Primate entsha yeSonto ayisekho kuqokwa, njengoba yasungulwa oNgcwele Ebusayo esiGungwini, okusho ezilawula izikhulu zikahulumeni e 1721. Yena eyathatha iminyaka kungathi izingalo ezingamakhulu amabili ubudala futhi ubelokhu yingozi ROC.

nokubuyiselwa kwayo esigungwini sabefundisi abakhulu

Ngo-1917 wabizwa Zonke-Russian Church Council, lapho Sabefundisi kwabuyiselwa. Umbhishobhi omkhulu eMoscow All Russia kwaba Metropolitan moskovskiy Tihon.

Kodwa amaBolshevik wacabangela ROC abaphikisi babo yamaSoviet, ngakho-ke kungaphansi ekubhujisweni ngokuphelele.

Kusukela ngo-1922 kuya 1924, uTikhon alibophela. Lapho-ke kwamiswa Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia phesheya. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, umzabalazo, futhi ekugcineni zaholela Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia, Metropolitan uSergiyu (Stargorodsky).

ESoviet Union ngenjongo yokukhulekela kwasala inombolo encane amasonto. Kwenqwaba kwabefundisi badutshulwe noma emakamu.

Ngesikhathi kweMpi Yezwe II isakhiwo isonto lonke labhujiswa cishe ngokuphelele, kodwa lokulwa inhlekelele Stalin baphoqeleka ukuba baphendukela ROC zokuziphatha ukwesekwa. Abapristi nababhishobhi badedelwa emajele.

Umvuthwandaba kwaba inqubo, lapho inzalamizi wakhethwa ngo-1943 ngesikhathi UMkhandlu WabaBhishobhi - Metropolitan uSergiyu (Stargorodsky), futhi ngo-1945 ngesikhathi UMkhandlu weNdawo - Metropolitan Alexy.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi Khrushchev sika emasontweni amaningi zavalwa, bonke ukushushiswa esontweni saphela esikhathini uBrezhnev, kodwa lilawulwa yiziphathimandla. Yilokho nesikhathi esinzima kakhulu, ROC kwadingeka. Uyini sokusinda nokushushiswa, amaziyo, maye, hhayi amahlebezi, kabuhlungu.

Moscow Sabefundisi

Ngo-1988, lowo mkhosi kweMinyaka Eyinkulungwane yeRussia, futhi uye waba mlando iSonto kanye nembuso. sokubuyiselwa olungisiwe wamabandla. Okulandelayo babe izinzalamizi Alexy mina, Pimen futhi Alexy II. Namuhla, a yesimanje iSonto Lobu-Orthodox eliholwa Umbhishobhi omkhulu eMoscow All Russia Kirill. Kulezi zikhathi ezinzima kuba emahlombe akhe ukubeka umthwalo osindayo - ukufuna izindlela wekubuyisana yazo zonke izizwe Slavic. Phela, futhi lokhu kubanga ROC.

Diocese Wanamuhla Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia, eyasungulwa ngo-1325, has emhlabeni 1506 amathempeli. Ngu ezifundeni zezindela besifunda-bhishobhi ungumnikazi 268 Izindlwana. isakhiwo Diocese uhlukaniswe 48 deanery, okuyinto ivuliwe futhi yesigodlo. Deanery ahlanganisiwe e 1153 kanye nokuthatha kuka-24 zezindela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, besifunda-bhishobhi has 3 edinovercheskie ukufika lapho bazithoba okugcwele Metropolitan. Umbhishobhi elibusayo YaseMoscow besifunda-bhishobhi Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia - Metropolitan Krutitsy futhi Kolomna Juvenal.