Luiza Mey Alcott, American umbhali-umlobi nesazi: Biography, lokusungula

Luiza Mey Alcott - umbhali imvelaphi American, eyaduma ngemva kokubhala inoveli ngomkhaya ye 'abesifazane kancane ", esekelwe izinkumbulo zakhe odade abathathu, besebancane kuya enkathini yokuthomba. Amabhuku nge lo mbhali abathandwa izizukulwane eziningi. Ngemva kokuyifunda hhayi kuphela ezijabulisayo, futhi ikusiza ukuba balolonge izinkolelo zokuziphatha, kanye nabalingiswa izincwadi ukufunda self-ukuthuthukiswa kanye isimo sengqondo okufanele mina nabanye.

abazali umbhali

Eymos Olkott wakhulela umlimi nomndeni. Wayematasatasa futhi ekugcineni waba indoda efundile kakhulu. Ukuziqambela eziningi ezintsha emkhakheni wezemfundo, Olcott wanquma ukusungula izikole ezifundeni ezehlukene. Into ebaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini uthisha wayekholelwa umbiko abafundi ngokusobala babecabanga self-imfundo. Imibono enjalo ezintsha udidekile abazali, kaningi kwadingeka ukuvala esikoleni. Ngemva esekuficile semfundo njalo Amose wathutha nomkhaya wakhe. Iminyaka 30 Olcott kwadingeka bashintshe izindawo zokuhlala izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-20. ngemva kweminyaka eminingi, u-Amose imibono aqondakale futhi yavunyelwa. Ngesikhathi wanquma ukwakha isikole zefilosofi abadala.

ngokuzimela Abigeyl Olkott wakwazi ukubhekana kangcono nale wasendlini, lokukhulisa amadodakazi amane futhi umsebenzi wezenhlalakahle. Konke lokhu kwakudinga isikhathi esiningi nokuzikhandla, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi umama kaLouise wayekulungele ukusiza abantu ekucindezelekeni. Olcott elinezikhonzi owasekela umkhankaso empini ngenxa ukulinganisela futhi ukunyakaza lamalungelo abesifazane, futhi ukukhuthaza umqondo nokuqeda ubugqila.

Esakhula

Luiza Mey Alcott, ogama biography buhlobene eduze umndeni wakhe, yazalwa ngo-Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Yayiyindodakazi wesibili ka ezine emndenini wabo abampofu kodwa bejabule. Louise odadewabo, u-Anna, Elizabeth Meyi zazifunde ekhaya, ubaba wazo wahlanganyela ukuqeqeshwa. On umbhali esizayo yaba nethonya elikhulu nabangane bami uyise, Margaret Fuller, Nathaniel Hawthorne. Sisters Olcott okuxhunywana kahle nezingane Emerson. Kwabuthana esibayeni, babeka izingcezu eyabhalwa noLouise.

Umndeni nginomuzwa i Ukushoda okukhulu kwabantu imali, ngakho umbhali kusukela esemncane ezingamaKristu kwakudingeka zisebenzele. Ngakho wasishintsha wezingubo wakhe, umngane nenceku. Zonke isipiliyoni umbhali-umlobi nesazi ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa kusukela izinto ngoba imisebenzi yabo.

Imisebenzi ekuseni

Ngezinye 22 Luiza Olkott wabhala incwadi yakhe yokuqala. Kwaba iqoqo tindzaba letimfisha enesihloko esithi "Fables of izimbali."

Phakathi Yombango, uLouise wasebenza njengoba umhlengikazi esibhedlela. Kuchazwe nakho kwakhe le minyaka umsebenzi "Imidwebo Isibhedlela", ke izuzwe okuhlaziya oqondile ngemvu a baxgeki kanye isithakazelo esikhulu abafundi. Ngemva kwalesi senzo sokugunyaza ithalente lakhe Luiza Mey Alcott, ogama izincwadi ziye zaba yimpumelelo, wanquma ukuchaza izenzakalo yangempela ekuphileni kwakhe, futhi izindiza hhayi nje ka fancy.

Adume kakhulu

Le noveli "Little Abesifazane" nayo ezishicilelwe e-1868, kwalethwa umlobi wayo udumo yangempela. Incwadi echaza indlela yokutshala amadodakazi amane omndeni Mashi: Meg, uJo, neBeti no-Amy. Umlando usitshela ukuthi umqondo leli bhuku babevela Luizy Olkott ngemva umshicileli Tomas Nayls ngaphambilini inoveli yakhe futhi ezithakazelisayo for girls. Prototypes ngiswa abasemqoka abazizwa babé odadewabo umlobi. Nge amadala Meg Anne ebhaliwe, uLouise abasha kuvezwa Joe, kanye Elizabeth abasebasha futhi Meyi kwamsiza kwakha izinhlamvu neBheti no-Amy.

Ngo umsebenzi omningi ukunakwa ikhokhelwa omama namantombazane abakuphila kwabo ayefana ncamashi Abigeyl Olkott. Njengoba umyeni wakhe zaya empini, unina kuphela ukuba sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo umsebenzi wabo, ikhaya nezingane. It ubala imfundo kokuziphatha nokungokomoya amantombazane, babasize nenze izinqumo ezifanele lapho sibhekene nezinkinga.

Naphezu kwesikhathi nzima umndeni, ukukhathalela isiphetho uyise, ukuntula imali, odade ngosizo ukweseka umzali uyidwala ukuze babhekane ngokuphumelelayo nobunzima futhi yibani ngababongayo komnikelo zenjabulo ukuthi banayo.

Impumelelo "Abesifazane Little"

Ngemva kokudedelwa noveli "Abesifazane Little" futhi izincwadi okwalandela ochungechungeni, umbhali wakwazi ngokwezimali kusita batali kanye liyeke ukusebenza azinikele umsebenzi wokudala. Anna, ngubani ngokufa komyeni wakhe ngumnikazi izingane ezimbili, uLouise sathenga indlu. Udade othile osemusha, ikhokhwe ukuqeqeshwa eYurophu, lapho wakwazi ngibe usaziwayo njengoba abesifazane abaculi omsebenzi wakhe liye embukisweni Paris.

Isimo ngemdlandla abafundi kuya namaqhawekazi of "Abesifazane Little" futhi ukuthandwa okukhulu yencwadi utshelwa Luizu Olkott bhala ezinye sequels salendzaba.

"Unkosikazi Okuhle"

Esikhathini inoveli "I Good Umfazi" Luiza Mey Alcott selichaza empilweni lo Mashi umndeni, ngemva kweminyaka emine izenzakalo incwadi yokuqala. Umbhali ukukhathazeka ngezinto ezithanda ukuba bucayi, ngoba wonke amantombazane zikhula futhi ushintshe. udade Meg abadala sizoshada obeletha izingane ezimbili futhi ushiye ikhaya. Joe uyaqonda ebuhlotsheni bakhe bomuntu siqu umngane ebuntwaneni nangokungabi ukushada ngesikhathi ushiya indlu. NeBheti ezinzima ekululameni esalulama scarlet fever ngiseyingane, futhi ngesinye isikhathi, buhlungu isimo uyabuya. Udade othile osemusha Amy uyakwazi ukubona izwe esenyukele round uhambo emhlabeni, ekugcineni ngokwayo siyashintsha zibe ngcono.

Kule ncwadi, odade ibhekene nezinkinga omdala: kokufa izihlobo, ubunzima ku ubudlelwano, kumelwe ukhethe phakathi ukuchuma ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo nothando. Kodwa bonke ngenhlonipho aphume izimo ezinzima futhi uqhubeke ukujabulisa intuthuko lwabazali zokuziphatha.

"Little Men"

Umsebenzi kuliragelo kule noveli "The Good Umfazi." Incwadi izinkulumo mayelana esikoleni esingesona esikahulumeni for abafana Plamfilde ukuthi Dzho Mashi nomyeni wakhe uMnu Baer wakwazi ukuvula sibonga ifa kwesokunxele nomamekazi wakhe. Badale lokhu lezintandane ukusiza izingane ukuthola kwabo amadoda angempela. Naphezu bobuntu kwezingane, yilowo nalowo kubo kukhona othisha, othisha ukuzifinyelela. Esikoleni, cishe akukho imithetho yokuziphatha, kodwa ziyasibona abafana yokufunda wakhe uyephuza isiyalo kanye ukuzazi. Futhi ngenkathi ingane yenza iphutha, uJoe uMnu Baer, sengathi abazali abaningi real bekulungele ukusiza noma yisiphi isimo. Le ncwadi ibonisa isiphetho Amanye amalungu omkhaya Mashi - bona bonke isekelana khona ubuhlobo obuseduze kakhulu, futhi ekulungele ukusisiza Joe nomyeni wakhe.

izincwadi Okunye lombhali

Ngemva Indaba yomkhaya Marchi Luiza Olkott wabhala incwadi entsha cishe njalo ngonyaka. Lo mkhiqizo "URosa futhi izelamani eziyisikhombisa", "Intsha Roses", "Indlu ngaphansi sezihlahla Lilac", "Library Lulu", "Guys, Joe." Luiza Mey Alcott futhi kudala inoveli "Nomsebenzi". Kulesi umsebenzi umbhali uchaza isikhathi lapho eneminyaka engu-umhlengikazi kuphela umkhaya omkhulu lonke.

isihenqo izinguqulo

Le noveli "Abesifazane Little" futhi kumdlalo walo abathandwa abafundi, ngakho avame wathwebula. Izithombe lokuqala aye wathwebula UK US kule minyaka 1917-1918. Ukuze sonke isikhathi sengathi yathathwa mayelana 17 movie ezahlukene nezinhlelo ze-TV, kodwa iningi lazo ziye zahunyushelwa Russian. Ethandwa kakhulu baye bayinqoba izithombe ezintathu ezilandelayo.

Le filimu udutshulwe 1933 ngombala omnyama nomhlophe, okuyinto akuvimbeli ukuba shí nomkhathi wawo. Lo mlingisi ukudlala indima kwabahlengikazi - sewutitsetse Hollywood izinkanyezi 30-40s.

Le filimu yesibili ngo-1949 kakade wathwebula umbala. Kwaphela isikhathi eside ke liye lahunyushelwa isiRashiya, kodwa manje isisezweni kakade kungenzeka ukubona ngomsindo. Le filimu udlala actress ethandwa Elizabeth Taylor, emelela udadewabo omncane u-Amy. Ukuze baseMelika, lokhu ifilimu baba ethandekayo kakhulu ifilimu lithathelwe inoveli, futhi ngokuvamile bambuke bemangele kumabonakude ngamaholide kaKhisimusi.

Okwamuva ifilimu lithathelwe 1994 is closer kuze izethameli zanamuhla ngenxa yabalingisi yayo ethandwa: kuba Kirsten Dunst, Vaynona Rayder futhi Kristian Beyl.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Luize Olkott okwadingeka abhekane nakho okuningi yesiphithiphithi. Ngakho, enye nodadewabo abancane wafa kubo bagula kakhulu eneminyaka engu-23, futhi imizwa yakhe umbhali wahlupheka nekhasi "abafazi ezinhle", echaza ukufa neBheti Heroine. Eyesibili udadewabo omncane eshona ngemva kokubeletha, futhi umbhali wathatha umshana wakhe lemfundo. Ngemva kokufa uLouise ukunakekelwa ingane ukuqala nokunakekela odade umdala - U-Anna, owayehlala amalungu elide kakhulu ukukhonza omkhaya.

Luiza Olkott ngenkuthalo belwela amalungelo abesifazane, ngisho waba ummeleli wokuqala ubulili buthaka, ukubhalisa ukhetho. Umlobi bashade, nakuba umlingisi Dzho Mashi, lapho umbhali inikezwe izici zawo, ithole injabulo emshadweni.

Eminyakeni yakhe yokugcina, uLouise enesifo ukugula noma ukufa alandelayo esinye abazali kwayibhebhethekisa isimo sakhe. Alcott wabhala kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe, naphezu kwakho engeyinhle. Washona ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ngemva kokufa kukayise, ubuthi mercury, okwakuthatha ngenxa typhoid fever.

Imisebenzi yakhe uqhubeke ukushicilela kubo ukudubula lwamabhayisikobho, izincwadi zezindaba ukudlala phandle esiteji. Classic izincwadi American, okudala Luizy Olkott namanje uhlala abadume kakhulu, njengoba umlobi amanoveli elinesimo lokubhala esikhulu inhliziyo ngobuqotho.