Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi imithelela ukuvunguza? Izici and umthelela wabo yabantu neyezinye izinto

Indoda cishe kuwo wonke isinyathelo can isicupho ezihlukahlukene yezinhlekelele zemvelo noma izimo eziphuthumayo. Ukubikezela enkingeni cishe kungenakwenzeka, ngakho-ke kungcono kakhulu uma umuntu ngamunye kithi ayokwenza ukwazi ukuthi baziphathe kanjani endabeni ethile, futhi yini izingozi watch out for. Ake sixoxe ngalokho ezithinta izici ukuqhuma, sicabanga ukuthi baziphathe kanjani, uma into embi kangaka iphutha.

Kuyini ukuqhuma?

Ngamunye wethu kuyini. Uma kwakunzima ukubhekana isimangaliso esifanayo empilweni yangempela ke okungenani sibonile movie noma izindaba.

Explosion - yokusabela chemical ezenzeka ngesivinini esikhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo esinye ukukhululwa amandla futhi kumiswa amagesi onomfutho, ekwazi kunamandla kangakanani abantu abatelekile umthelela.

Ukwahluleka okuthobela nanoma ukuphepha noma kokuphazamisa inqubo kungenzeka eziphuthumayo ukuqhuma izindawo zezimboni, izakhiwo, ukuxhumana. Ngokuvamile, kuba isici womuntu is imbangela ukuqhuma.

Kukhona iqembu elikhethekile izinto kukhona kuqhume, futhi bangakwazi qhumisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Isici esiphawulekayo ukuqhuma yayingase ibizwe ngokuthi transience yayo. a ngesekhondi kuphela kwanele, isibonelo, igumbi liye lakhuphuka emoyeni lapho kuqhuma igesi. Lapho izinga lokushisa ifinyelela amashumi amaningana ayizinkulungwane degrees Celsius. Izimo letitsintsa ukuqhuma zingakwazi ukondleka kungadaleka ingozi embi kakhulu kumuntu, bayakwazi ukuba ne- umthelela wabo omubi kubantu ibanga elithile.

Akuwona wonke umuntu iyona PE efanayo kuhambisana ekubhujisweni, imiphumela kuzoncika amandla we iziqhumane kanye nendawo lapho konke lokhu kwenzeka.

imiphumela ukuqhuma

Ezithinta izici ukuqhuma yilezi:

• I jet izinto gaseous.
• lokushisa okuphezulu.
• ekushayweni Khanyisa.
• umsindo Cijela futhi elikhulu.
• Shards.
• Airblast.

imihlola okunjalo kungabonakala nasemkhakheni ukuqhuma a Propellant wezempi, futhi igesi yasekhaya. Eyokuqala livame ukusetshenziswa imisebenzi yezempi, Ochwepheshe yabo kuphela abachwepheshile zisebenzisa. Kodwa kunezimo lapho lezinto ezingahlolwa qhumisa, ukuwela ezandleni izakhamuzi, futhi okubi ikakhulukazi uma lokhu kuvela izingane. Ezimweni ezinjalo ngokuvamile iphele nhlekelele ukuqhuma.

Ukupheka kuqhume isigubhu segesi ayinhloko ke, uma kungagcinwa imithetho yayo wokusebenza. Kubalulekile ukufundisa izingane ukuthi ingabhekana kanjani igesi Imishini futhi gqamile khundla ukuhlela yokuhlala nokutakula amasevisi amafoni.

ezindaweni ezithintekile

Izimo letitsintsa ukuqhuma singasetshenziswa kunendoda ntshashintshe umonakalo zaba namandla kakhulu. Ochwepheshe lakhomba inani izindawo:

1. zone I.
2. Zone II.
3. Zone III.

Esikhathini ezimbili imiphumela lokuqala olunzima: izidumbu charring ngaphansi kwethonya okushisa aphezulu kakhulu nemikhiqizo alufakwa.

Esikhathini indawo yesithathu, ngaphezu umthelela ngqo kubona ngenxa yokuqhuma kwebhomu yezici kungabonakala nasemkhakheni ngokungaqondile. Umthelela lomuntu shock wave ibonwa buhlungu eqinile, okuyinto kungalimala lapho:

• izitho zangaphakathi;
• izitho kokuzwa (eardrum);
• ubuchopho (ukuxukuzeka);
• ithambo nezicubu (waphuka, ukulimala ahlukahlukene).

Ngo isimo esinzima kakhulu abantu abahlangabezana igagasi ukushaqeka ngesikhathi emi ngaphandle nendawo yokuhlala. Esimweni esinjalo ngokuvamile ukufa noma umuntu esibone yokulimala kabi futhi ilimele kabi, ukusha.

Izinhlobo okubi ukuqhuma

Kuye budebuduze naleli ukuqhuma ukugxila umuntu ukwazi enenkinga degrees ezahlukene kobukhulu:

1. Amaphaphu. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukuxukuzeka okuncane, ngokwengxenye ubuthulu, nemihuzuko. Esibhedlela zingase zingazi nokwazi kunesidingo.
2. Isilinganiso. Lona nokulimala engqondweni nge nokulahlekelwa ukwazi, ngopha izindlebe nekhala, waphuka futhi dislocations.
3. umonakalo Sinzima kuhlanganisa contusion eqinile, ukulimala kwezitho ezingaphakathi, waphuka eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngezinye izikhathi kubangele ukufa.
4. degree kakhulu ezinzima. Cishe u-100% ekupheleni ukufa lohlaselwayo.

Unganikeza isibonelo: futhi ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwalelizwe isakhiwo cishe yonke abulawe, owayekulelo bandla ngaleso sikhathi, nje yisikhohliso kungasindisa ukuphila. A kungaba, kodwa uthole okuningi of obuhlukahlukene kobukhulu ukulimala kwabulawa ezicekeleké.

iziqhumane zasemkhathini

Kuyinto umphumela icala ukusebenza zenuzi. Le nqubo ongalawuleki ngawo ukukhululwa kwe izindodla ngemisebe ukushisa. Konke lokhu kuwumphumela ukusabela chain of ukuqoqwa noma Fusion zenuzi esifushane.

Isici esiyinhloko kuqhuma ibhomu lenyukliya yikuthi has isikhungo - iphuzu lapho kwaba ukuqhuma, futhi kube yiyo eshayeka kanzima - projection leliphuzu phansi noma amanzi.

imininingwane Okuningi kuzoxoxwa izici ezithinta ukuqhuma nezici zabo. Ilwazi elinjalo kufanele litholakale labantu. Njengomthetho, abafundi abawamukelayo esikoleni, kanye nabantu abadala - emsebenzini.

ukuqhuma Nuclear kanye izici zayo ezithinta

Ngakho, yini izici ezithinta of iziqhumane zasemkhathini kungenziwa ngokuthi? Okokuqala, yazi ukuthi izinqubo zemvelo kanye izenzakalo ezenzeka Yiqiniso, nokuphakama kwalo ukunquma lethality yayo. amandla ukuqhuma hhayi kuphela inquma uhlobo nezinga lokuziphatha umthelela, kodwa futhi isikhathi izici elimazayo. Ngakho, kuze kube zingozi zihlanganisa:

1. Shockwave.
2. ekushayweni Khanyisa.
3. kwazo imisebe.
4. Ifinyelela inhliziyo ngemisebe.
5. ishayela kagesi.

Ake sicabangele isici ngasinye kabanzi.

izici shock wave

It ikakhulu kuthinta isici eholela ekubhujisweni futhi abaningi ukulimala. It kuvela ngenxa esikhulu egagasini ekhiqizwa e maphakathi ukuqhuma - the imizuzwana yokuqala ngemva ukubaluleka ongafinyelela izigidigidi eziphindwe. Igagasi ukushaqeka zibhebhetheka futhi sithinta uzabalaza umphumela wawo zonke izinto eziphilayo.

Phakathi nemingcele main ukuthi ukunquma lethality yayo zihlanganisa:

• High blood pressure.
• Speed.
• Ubude besikhathi.

Umthelela elimazayo igagasi ukushaqeka incike ubukhulu bale overpressure. Futhi ngezinga yokulimala kuzoncika osikweni ukuqhuma futhi ibanga kusuka lapho ukhona kuwo.

Izimpawu ukukhanya

Ngemva ukuqhuma, yakheke yokukhanya namandla ukugeleza okuhlanganisa ultraviolet, ayabonakala futhi spectrum infrared. Ukukhanya ingxenye likhipha we munition, okuyinto eliwu okushisa aphakeme. Amazinga esiphezulu lingadlula ayizinkulungwane 7 degrees.

ekushayweni Khanyisa ungaba nomphumela elandelayo into engavamile:

• Burns.
• isifo samehlo.
• Ukuvuvukala izinto futhi izinto.
• Imililo.

I degree of ukuchayeka kungaba obuhlukahlukene:

1. Kunezindawo lapho imililo ngabanye zenzeka.
2. Emkhakheni umonakalo ezinzima ngokuvamile asha ku-90% ngaphandle kwezakhiwo. Lona endaweni eyingozi kakhulu.
3. ukuhlukanisa Futhi endaweni imililo imfucumfucu, lapho konke wanyamalala kanye zigoqiwe izinsalela kuphela yefilakisi.

ifinyelela inhliziyo ngemisebe

Lapho iqhume, kuba yokucucuza ka neutron nama-gamma rays - lena emisebeni eyenza umuntu acabange eseZwini. Neutrons kudlule ngokukhululekile ngokusebenzisa izicubu ephilayo futhi ukuphazamisa imisebenzi ebalulekile amaseli, umzimba, ube nomthelela ongemuhle ekusebenzeni kwezitho izinhlelo. Konke lokhu kuyaphela nokugula emisebeni eba. Ifomu olunzima kwayo kamuva kuyizindlela zokufa.

I esiyingozi kakhulu endaweni - engaba amakhilomitha 2-3 esuka egumbini ukuqhuma. Ngaphandle kwalokho kukhona nomthelela omubi eziphilayo, emisebeni uyakwazi ilimaze amadivayisi optical nawe-elekthronikhi.

Ukuze ngandlela-thile ukudambisa umphumela okubhubhisa eyenza umuntu acabange eseZwini ngemisebe, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinto zokuzivikela, zazo kuxoxwa kamuva.

kwazo imisebe

Ukuqhuma ukhiqiza ezihlukahlukene imikhiqizo, futhi isotopes enemisebe. Futhi kukhona umthombo oyinhloko kwazo imisebe. Uma iqhume emhlabeni, ukuthi kwakhiwa ifu phezu amakhilomitha amaningi nge engamamitha imikhiqizo enemisebe. Luyakukhahlela kahle umoya izinhlayiya kuwele phansi, ngenxa yalokho bakha enemisebe ukungcoliswa zone.

Yena echayeke konke: inhlabathi, amanzi kanye nengqalasizinda emoyeni. Ingozi enkulu siyenzeka, ngemizuzu yokuqala kuqale ngemva kokushona "kwezulu". Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umsebenzi wonke enemisebe izinhlayiya max.

zenuzi kuqhuma zone

Ukuze ubone ukuthi uhlobo umonakalo kungenzeka kanye nenani wokutakula, lesion zenuzi wahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amagatsha amaningana:

1. Izoni njengofanelwe ukubhujiswa okuphelele. Lapha ungakwazi ukubona 100% ukulahlekelwa labantu, uma awuzange evikelwe. Izinto eziyinhloko ezithinta ukuqhuma kube nomthelela walo omkhulu. Ungabona ukubhujiswa cishe sonke isakhiwo, ukulimala ngezidingo, futhi ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwalelizwe amahlathi.
2. Eyesibili zone - endaweni lapho umonakalo ezinzima uyalandelwa. labantu ukulahlekelwa ukufinyelela 90%. Iningi izakhiwo wabhubhisa, kwakhiwa doti okuqinile emhlabathini, kodwa izindawo zokukhosela namaziko fallout zokukhosela yahluleka ukumelana.
3. Zone vs. ekubhujisweni. labantu ukulahlekelwa mancane, kodwa eziningi kwalimala futhi waphazamiseka. A ezicekeleké noma ingqikithi izakhiwo elakhiwe doti. I zokukhosela Kungenzeka basindiswe.
4. Zone umonakalo ibuthakathaka. Lapha yesiteleka ukuqhuma izici kube nomthelela othize. Ukubhujiswa izisulu ezincane cishe alikho phakathi kwabantu.

Indlela Ekuvikeleni imithelela yokuqhuma

Cishe yonke imizi nemizana amancane lowomuntu kumuntu kumele kudingeke ukuba zakhiwe ezindaweni ezivikelekile. Bona yanikeza abantu ukudla namanzi, kanye izembatho zokuzivikela, ezinye zazo yilezi:

• Amagilavu.
• Ukugqoka izibuko zokuzivikela.
• Buso.
• Respirators.
• amasudi Avikelayo.

Ukuvikeleka izici zokukhulumisana ezilimazayo iziqhumane zasemkhathini kuzosiza ukunciphisa umonakalo ezilethwa ngemisebe, ngemisebe shock wave. Into ebaluleke kakhulu - ukuyisebenzisa ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi. Wonke umuntu kumele unombono ka ukuthi baziphathe kanjani esimweni esinjalo, yini okufanele yenziwe ngangokusemandleni ukuba wadalula izici elimazayo.

Imiphumela yanoma yimuphi ukuqhuma kungaba impilo yomuntu nje kuphela kodwa futhi ekuphileni. Ngakho-ke, kumelwe senze wonke umzamo ukuze ugweme izimo ezifana ngenxa yokudebesela ukuthobela imithetho yokusingatha ephephile kwezinto obhubhisayo izihloko.