Lemvelo njengoba isayensi

Umphakathi zezitshalo nezilwane uxhumana endaweni lapho kukhona, okungukuthi, uhlobo ezingaphili, yakha i-ecosystem. Isazi sezinto eziphila kuleli Lezi ubudlelwano E.Gekkel esuka eJalimane ngo-1866 ngokuthi ngemvelo. Igama livela ngesiGreki futhi lisho "indawo yokuhlala endlini."

Nokho, njengoba isayensi ngemvelo izikhandle kakhudlwana ekufuneni basungula kuphela engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20. Sidingida izimo lapho kukhona izinto eziphilayo, kanye ubuhlobo yokugcina nge imvelo. futhi ihlola nezitshalo nezilwane imiphakathi kanye biocenoses - isilwane-isitshalo emiphakathini.

Lemvelo njengoba isayensi ukunqwabelana amaqiniso, esifundweni sawo, ukuhlaziywa kanye incazelo yokuthi imithetho kanye nobudlelwane ezikhona emvelweni. Lamakhono kubalulekile ukuze uqonde izinguquko ezenzeka emhlabeni ngenxa yomsebenzi womuntu. Basiza ukubhekana nezindaba kwemvelo. Kwavela ukuthi ukungazi imithetho ethile neziqondiso kungaholela ukuphazamiseka iketango emvelweni kanye nezinye izinqubo engelapheki emhlabeni.

Ezinye izingxenye zaleli zwe zingase zinethonya ngokungaqondile noma ngokuqondile izakhamuzi zakhona. Isayensi ngemvelo ubiza biotic yabo futhi izici abiotic. It is kunemibandela wamukela division of yizici zemvelo. Kwakamuva ezithinta izinto yemvelo ngaphandle (emoyeni, umfutho womoya, umswakama, ukukhanya, ionization ebangelwa umkhathi, izinga lokushisa, njll). Biotic - a izici yokudla okunempilo kanye naleti njani ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu okuqondene zinhlobo ezahlukene (parasitism, predation, njll ...) Futhi abantu ehlukile (noma amaqembu abantu), okuqondene ephilayo yohlobo olufanayo. Lo mncintiswano phezu kwamanzi, imifanekiso, ukudla, indawo, nokunye. D.

Ngamunye zinhlobo nezimo lapho uhlala (ukudla, zizalela emhlabathini, indawo yokuhlala, njll) Yiba izici eziningana ezivamile futhi kuyisikhalo niche semvelo. Ngisho nomncane eziphilayo sinendawo yaso e-Jikelele Lwamakheli planethi. Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi ngisho zinhlobo ezimbili ezihlobene eduze abahlala ndawonye, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zuza zinsizakuphila ezokwenza chaza kubo ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ngakho, abiotic futhi biotic ecosystem izinsiza zisetshenziswa ngokugcwele.

Kukholakala ukuthi niche emvelweni ihlala khona emvelweni ngesimo i endaweni engenalutho, okuyinto nganoma isiphi isikhathi kungathatha noma ushiye. Eqinisweni, kubonakala sengathi futhi iphele ngesikhathi esifanayo yokufuna abanye uhlobo ezincwadini entsha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi-ke akekho ngaphandle yefomu akusho. Njengoba kukhona ngokwesimo ncamashi zohlobo olulodwa, futhi azikho niches ezifanayo semvelo. Yehluka nomunye kwezinye kudivayisi.

Ucwaningo we ubudlelwano phakathi ophilayo imvelo kanye eziphilayo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ukubandakanywa izindlela physics, yokuma komhlaba, i-chemistry, ezomnotho, ezesayensi yokuma komhlaba. livela Ngakho ubuhlobo ngemvelo kanye neminye imikhakha yesayensi.

Bayalithakasela Isasasa Esinalo izinkinga zokungcoliswa kwamanzi, umoya nokubhujiswa zezitshalo nezilwane ikhuphukile lapho kwembulwe ukuthi umsebenzi womuntu liye lasakazekela izinqubo emvelweni emhlabeni wonke. Kakhulu enwetshiwe ucwaningo kule ndawo. Lemvelo njengoba isayensi izisethile umsebenzi wokudala zindlela ukuxhashazwa kwezinsiza begazi, okwakuyoholela enguziqu kakhulu futhi sithethelele. Wabuye ngahileleka isibikezelo izinguquko isimo ngaphansi kwethonya imisebenzi womuntu kanye izinqubo ekuthuthukiseni imikhuba zokulawula okwenzeka uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli.

Lemvelo Modern njengoba isayensi buhlobene eduze imithi. Ngalesi ukuthonywa zonke izinga kuyashesha lokuguqulwa imvelo okuholele futhi namanje zisenza ezifweni ezihlukahlukene.