Buoyancy amandla

Asenze eksperimenti lelula: thatha kancane eqolo iraba ibhola futhi "imbedded" emanzini. Uma ukucwiliswa ukujula kuyinto ngisho 1-2 amamitha, kulula ukubona ukuthi umthamo yayo kuyehla, okungukuthi, nxazonke ibhola ngeke crimp athile. Ivame Wathi kukhona "benecala" ingcindezi hydrostatic - A amabutho ngokomzimba ayisukumele uketshezi umile egxilile umzimba. amabutho Hydrostatic esebenza emzimbeni kuzo zonke izinhlangothi futhi nomphumela zabo, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Archimedes amandla, namanje ngokuthi lo ejection, okuhambelana isiqondiso umphumela wawo umzimba egxilile uketshezi.

Archimedes wathola umthetho wakhe ngoba nje enesifiso zokuhlola, kanye elungile yayo theory walindela icishe 2,000 iminyaka ngaphambi Pascal wathola umthetho hydrostatics ngoba uketshezi umile. Ngokusho kwalo mthetho, ingcindezi ngocansi kudlula oketshezini kuyi zonke izinkomba kungakhathaliseki endaweni ngalo enza zonke izindiza okubhayindiwe ketshezi, futhi ukubaluleka kwalo wakhona P surface futhi S eduze nalokho evamile. Pascal wavula futhi ihlolwe umthetho ku nesipiliyoni 1653. Ngokusho kwakhe, phezu kobuso umzimba egxilile ketshezi nxazonke by ingcindezi hydrostatic.

Ucabange ukuthi isitsha ngamanzi ngesimo umzimba egxilile cube ukujula H ukuba L - ibanga ebusweni amanzi ebusweni phezulu. Uma lokhu lesibopho aphansi kuyisivikelo H ukujula + L. I F1 amandla vector, esebenza ebusweni engenhla iqondiswa liye phansi bese F1 = r * g * H * S, ukuphi - ketshezi ukuminyana, g - ukusheshisa gravity.

I F2 Vector amandla, bafakela indiza engezansi phezulu nokubaluleka kwalo enikezwa F2 = r * g * (H + L) * S.

I zithwala amabutho esebenza ohlangothini evele Okusizayo olinganiselayo, ngakho kamuva ayifakiwe ukucabangela. Buoyancy amandla F2> F1 futhi iqondiswa kusukela phansi kuya phezulu, futhi unamathele ubuso phansi cube. Chaza inani layo Ifeksi:

F = F2 - F1 = r * g * (H + L) * S - r * g * H * S = r * g * L * S

Qaphela ukuthi L * S - .. Ingabe ngevolumu a V cube, m ukuze r * g = p limelela uketshezi isisindo unit, ke isisindo ifomula bebutho Archimedean inquma ivolumu uketshezi elilingana ivolumu cube, isb Yileso isisindo ketshezi dengwane umzimba. Kuyathakazelisa ukhulume Archimedes 'isimiso kungenzeka kuphela imvelo, lapho kukhona amandla adonsela phansi - kwezimo abasebenza ngaphansi kwazo weightlessness, umthetho akusebenzi. Ekugcineni, ifomula yomthetho Archimedes simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

F = p * V, lapho p - ketshezi gravity ethize.

amandla Archimedean ongakhonza njengoba isisekelo ukuhlaziywa emizimbeni buoyancy. Isimo for analysis isilinganiso umzimba isisindo ukulayishwa isisindo PM futhi PF ketshezi nge volume elilingana umthamo afakwa umzimba uketshezi. Uma PM = px, umzimba sintanta woketshezi, uma IzA> PF, le nokucwila umzimba. Kungenjalo, somzimba siyavela ngesikhathi amandla sisemanzini lilingana isisindo ukhiphe ingxenye lalihlehliswa komzimba namanzi.

Archimedes 'isimiso kanye nokusebenzisa kwayo inomlando omude kwezobuchwepheshe, eziqala isibonelo zakudala ukusetshenziswa zonke ezaziwayo kanye izakhiwo ukuze Balloons kanye nezindiza elintantayo. Lapha-ke waba nendima ukuthi igesi libhekisela esimweni ndaba okungukuthi Linganisa ngempela uketshezi. Ngakho, ngo-imvelo emoyeni entweni ethile buoyancy amandla esebenza lifana efanayo in the ketshezi. Imizamo yokuqala ukuba afeze indiza air balloon wathatha Montgolfier abafowethu - bagcwalisa ibhaluni umusi efudumele, ukuze isisindo eyisiboshwa i ibhaluni emoyeni kwaba esingaphansi isisindo ivolumu efanayo umoya abandayo. Lokhu kwaba imbangela lift, nokubaluleka kwalo kwachazwa ngokuthi umehluko isisindo imiqulu emibili. Okunye ukuphucula kwaba Balloons sikaphalafini, okuyinto ngokuqhubekayo heats emoyeni ngaphakathi ibhaluni. Kuyacaca ukuthi uhla sincike obuphelele sikaphalafini. Kamuva nezindiza esetshenziselwa ezigcwalisa igesi nge gravity ethize kunalawo emoyeni.