Lemvelo - lena ukuphila

Lemvelo - isayensi etadisha ubuhlobo eziphilayo nomunye futhi indawo yabo ophilayo. Leli gama kwaze wokuqala esetshenziswa Ernst Haeckel ngo-1866. Kuze kube manje, imvelo - lena ngenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu ka ngesayensi yemvelo, has Kumqoka kakhulu Ukuphila kwanoma imuphi umuntu okhona. Noma kunjalo, lesi sijeziso namanje eziningi impikiswano phakathi ososayensi waxoxa into cwaningo yayo, isakhiwo yayo, kwencazelo "ngemvelo" nezinye izindaba eziningi. Isiphetho jikelele ukuthi zingenziwa ezihlukahlukene amaphuzu Ukubuka okulandelayo: kungenziwa ngokuthi iyiphi imfundo kwemvelo kwenziwe ukuba bahlole umsebenzi obalulekile eziphilayo endaweni yazo yemvelo, amiswa phakathi kwawo ukunquma umthelela wabo imvelo. Phawula futhi ukuthi ukusho, isibonelo, "imvelo ezimbi" akulungile, ngoba emvelweni kuyinto isayensi, hhayi izici zemvelo.

Into cwaningo imvelo kukhona izinhlelo ezinkulu yemvelo: Population, biocenosis, semvelo. Into yokutadisha - ukuthuthukiswa lwalezi nhlelo ngesikhathi nendawo. Lemvelo - isayensi ukuthi uhlose ukubhekana eziningi izinkinga ezihlukahlukene theory kanye nama-practical, sizobe ukugqamisa ebaluleke kakhulu kubo. Ngakho, imvelo uzama ukumisa imithetho, okuyinto phakathi biocenoses esungulwe labelwe ngempumelelo izidingo zokuphila, futhi ufunde indlela yokuphatha le mithetho ngaphansi kwezimo lomuntu kokungenela asebenzayo izinqubo zemvelo.

Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, imvelo - lena kunempikiswano kakhulu, futhi isimo sawo Uphinde abhekwe kuyadida: izazi ezihlukahlukene ziye zakhomba ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene cwaningo yayo. Ebhekisela Ukwahlukaniswa kwamadamu wafunda kwemvelo amazinga inhlangano eziphilayo ndaba.

1. Autoekologiya ukutadisha ngabanye ezingeni organismal. Ihlola imikhawulo izimo zemvelo lapho kungase kube ngabanye.
2. Population ngemvelo study ezingeni labantu. Ihlola izimo ngaphansi lapho kumiswa labantu nezimo zengqondo kuzo.
3. Eydekologiya ukutadisha izinhlobo. Okwamanje, kuba okungenani esiphuthumayo endaweni nezemvelo njengoba isithakazelo iye bashintsha ezingeni labantu ukuba biocenotic ngokudlula izinga zilwane.
4. Synecology izifundo ezingeni biocenotic. Ihlola ukwakheka kanye namandla okubakhona umsebenzi biocenoses ukuphila.
5. Global Lemvelo etadisha uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli. Ihlola inkinga yokugcina.

Kususelwa iziqondiso eziyisisekelo ngemvelo kwakhiwa amaningi amasha futhi ezikhethekile ngaphezulu. Popular neminyango kwemvelo eduze okwakuthandelene nabanye wesayensi yezinto eziphilayo, okuholela ikusize uphenyo bonke ezindaweni ezithintekile.

Academician S. S. Shvarts wathi ngokuthi imvelo yase-"kuba isisekelo ezincwadini zomphakathi lezimboni ukuziphatha kwabantu." Ngokusho lesi sitatimende muntu ongazahlulela ukubaluleka isayensi echazwe yithi. Namuhla, indalo kanye nemvelo kufundvwe eziningi namayunivesithi Russian Federation.