Mica - yini ukuthi amaminerali? Incazelo nezakhiwo mica

Mica itholakala ngayo izinto ezakhiwe imvelo samaminerali ungqimba lomhlaba. Kuyinto idwala ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo, eyasungulwa ngesikhathi lwaluyophola udaka esibunjiweyo. Futhi uzinake ukuthi mica - lokhu kuyinto yisivikelo esihle, hhayi uqhuba ugesi nokushisa.

incazelo umqondo

Leli qembu amaminerali has cleavage ephelele kwelinye direction. Bayakwazi ahlukaniselwe mncane kakhulu ipuleti okuqinile ngenkathi sigcina kuyaqina, eguquguqukayo kanye namandla.

Ngakho, singaphetha ngokuthi mica - mineral ukuthi zibukeke okusikhumbuza ingilazi futhi isakhiwo amakristalu egqinsiwe. Kuyinto ngenxa lesi sici, kanye ngenxa elihlangana ababuthakathaka phakathi amaphakethe ngazinye izinto ezakhiwe ezithile zamakhemikhali izakhiwo.

Kungakhathaliseki yokuthi kukhona izinhlobonhlobo eziningi amaminerali ngaphansi ukucatshangelwa, anakho ezijayelekileko, njenge:

• lamellar;
• cleavage basal;
• ikhono ahlukaniselwe izingxenye ayetholakala.

izinhlobonhlobo mica

Kususelwa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, kungenzeka ukunikeza ngezigaba ezilandelayo amaminerali ngaphansi ukucatshangelwa, okuyilezi:

1. Magnesian-ferruginous mica - biotite, phlogopite futhi lepidomelan.
2. Aluminium mica - Paragon futhi muscovite.
3. Lithium mica - zinnwaldite, lepidolite futhi tayniolit.

Kunenye typology lokhu amaminerali, obhekisela welithi "mica ezimbonini":

• Scrap futhi mica ngobala (izingxenye zokukhiqiza mica iphepha befa);
• intumescent mica - vermiculite is etholwe calcination we okumbiwa phansi;
• mica.

Ububanzi kubhekwe igneous rocks

Mica - a samaminerali metamorphic, sedimentary namadwala awayiphazamisi, futhi inhlanganisela namaminerali.

Phlogopite futhi muscovite kukhona eliphezulu kagesi ekuvikeleni izinto, okuyinto nalolo ezindaweni ezifana radio, kagesi izindiza. Imboni ingilazi, isibonelo, akuyona into lepidolite labo abenziwe ngengilazi optical.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi ubukhulu enkulu amashidi etholwe ukusondelana mica futhi micanite amapuleti, esetshenziswa njengoba top-izinga kagesi kanye ezishisayo ukwahlukanisa izinto. A engajulile kusuka edayisa mica futhi mica etholwe nepepper esetshenziswa advantageously e usimende, ukwakhiwa, iraba umkhakha, ekukhiqizeni zepulasitiki, upende, njll

Iphinde isetshenziselwe njengoba yamathebhu e izakhiwo wagcizelela nokwenziwa kwayo ezifanele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni onakalisayo futhi nomswakama eliphezulu. Micas babhekana zihlukaniswa, futhi kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu ingxenyenamba izinto lidlulisele izakhiwo ezithile. Ikakhulukazi, kungase kakhulu mikroslyuda impahla lukhuni, okwathi ngemva kwalokho ngeke zithole ukumelana iyiphi ukusonteka, kanye imithwalo kushintshana.

Mica-muscovite has a ukukhanya grey umbala isetshenziswa womshini upende izinto, izinto zokwakha, epulasitikini, inhlaka, sealants, mastics nokunye okunjalo. D. Ukuze wenze eziphathekako umsindo nangokuvikela izimfanelo wanezela nalokhu vermiculite.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, mica - mineral, lapho izakhiwo zokuhlobisa, ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezilandelayo:

• ukukhiqizwa iziko izikrini;
• ukudalwa ingilazi ibala;
• imigexo ukwenziwa.

Ukwakheka a idwala engena amaminerali?

Granite - itshe, mica e okwakhiwa kwalo kutholakele e umthamo omkhulu. Ungomunye ezivamile crystalline lokubolekwa amaminerali yemvelo. Itshe is ngokwesiko esetshenziswa emkhakheni wokwakha.

Igama elithi "granite" lisuselwa latin "Granum" okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "okusanhlamvu". Leli tshe kabanzi abaklami abaklami kule minyaka engamakhulu amaningi eminyaka, ngenxa yokuthi anakho ezifana izakhiwo eziyingqayizivele njengobulungisa amandla mechanical, ukuqina kanye ukumelana frost, ke ihlangana kahle izakhiwo zalo zokuhlobisa.

ukubukeka Pleasant egwadle efanelekayo ambozwe Ingaphandle lezinto - ukwakhiwa embankments noma ukudalwa izikhumbuzo kanye (ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zesimiso decor) ingaphakathi.

It sakhiwa asebenza ngebhethri, feldspar, mica namanye amaminerali. Isilinganiso kuthinta umbala kanye namandla we itshe.

Indlela kwenzeka?

Kususelwa usayizi okusanhlamvu, izinhlobonhlobo elandelayo egwadle, okuyilezi:

• itshe indawo (kuka 10 mm);
• naphakathi-grained egwadle (2-10 mm);
• okuncane (ngaphansi kuka-2 mm).

Granite umbala Palette umelwe cishe zonke shades bohlu. Multi-anemibala corn - a feldspar, mica egwadle imibala omnyama Silica obangela elikhazimulayo okusanhlamvu ayevumela.

zako

Granite - itshe, mica lichaza ekwakheni okwenza kube eliqinile le ngokuziqhathanisa zemabula ethandwa. Imikhiqizo ezenziwe kuwo abasoze balahlekelwa impahla yayo hhayi zikhubazekile nibonakala lapho siqhutshwa ezindaweni yezwekazi kanye ezithile zonyaka lokushisa umehluko degrees enkulu kwekhulu. Ngakho, i-granite akesabi shestidesyatigradusnyh isithwathwa noma ukushisa ngaphezu degrees 50, okuyinto ebalulekile sezulu Russian. Ngaphezu kwalokho, itshe incane kakhulu kunaleyo zemabula efanayo, uchayeke ukuhlaselwa ukukhunta.

Granite, mica okubaliwe ngesimo muscovite futhi biotite, hhayi kuphela, eliqinile, kodwa futhi itshe engangenwa umlilo. It uqala igcwale amanzi ezingeni lokushisa ngenhla degrees 700 Celsius.

Futhi kumelwe ibhekwe njengezwe umbandela yokunquma degree of amandla njengoba ukumuncwa umswakama. Granite sidlula konke izimbangi zayo.

Inguqulo ngemvelaphi igama mica elikhanyayo

Ikhophi lokuqala ukubika amaminerali ezavela impucuko European, isibe "bomdabu" kusukela Karelia. Mica, ukudalulwa owawuke kubika umthamo abalulekile lemikhiqizo ENtshonalanga futhi ubelokhu omunye nokuthengiswa eyinhloko yezwe ku XVII-XVIII eminyaka. Ubufakazi lokhu umsuka mica igama ukukhanya - muscovite - (. Xv-XVIII cc) kusukela igama wangaphambili we dolobha isimo Russian - Muscovy. Ngakho-ke, singasho kugcwale umlomo ukuthi wayeza izimakethe entshonalanga Russia.

Ngokusho inguqulo yesayensi, ukubukeka leli gama kucatshangwa ukuthi umzuzwana lapho taxonomy double, ezihlongozwayo ngumuntu semvelo Swedish Carl Onomusa, mineralogist German Valerius eyabiwe mica lezimboni unhlokweni of the ohambelana igama ethize kwesigaba, okungukuthi «Vitrum moscoviticum Wall». Ngemva kwalokho, kabili igama uhlelo wahlala kuphela izwi eyinhloko eside ezihlongozwayo.

ukusebenza Umlando mica nasezindaweni zezimboni

Amacala yokuqala yale amaminerali, okungcono esikhundleni ingilazi yefasitelana abangu wayibona Novgorod (X-XII cc.) Phakathi ukuthuthukiswa yale ngcebo Karelia futhi Peninsula Kola. Khona-ke u-Ivan Grozny yanqoba Novgorod futhi Pskov, aba nesandla ekuthuthukeni kwalo ukwazana ababusi Muscovite nge mica.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesikhombisa e Karelia isivele mica umkhakha kakhulu athuthukile. Ngokusho izibalo ezisemthethweni, njengoba kuqale unyaka ka 1608 kwakukhona YaseMoscow uhulumeni wamisa umthetho ngokuphathelene ukuqoqwa izintela kusuka amaminerali ekhishwe inani omunye kwabayishumi isamba.

Ukuthuthukiswa nocwaningo yeSiberia ekhulwini XVII kwaholela ezintsha nokwatholakala mica imali. Ukuba khona kwawo wabonwa ngabantu uVladimir Atlasov e 1683 kuya Aldan. Lezi ezifakwa Kamuva ukhohliwe, futhi iminyaka namashumi ayisihlanu ezimbili kuphela futhi (ngobusuku bangaphambi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe) isivuliwe futhi. Ngaleso sikhathi-ke laqala ukusebenza mica ikakhulukazi ngoba izidingo ukuzivikela kazwelonke.

nemibi ukuzalela

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, mica - mineral ukuthi ungenza amandla abalulekile material. Nokho, naphezu ayazise izakhiwo zalo eziningi kangaka zikamoba kanye usizo isici edwaleni porosity kanye brittleness. Yingakho mica isetshenziswa kuphela ngokuhlangana nezinye izingxenye, okungase ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho impahla kanye namandla lokukhanda. Ukuba khona kwalesi amaminerali kwamadwala micu nokuqina kwayo, okwenza kube nzima ukuba ugaye nepholishi.

I exhunyiwe asebenza ngebhethri, igcaki, mica?

Ukuze uqonde waphinda, kuyafaneleka ukunikeza incazelo emfushane ngayinye migomo kule ndaba.

Mica kufeza amaminerali ehlanganisa amashidi mncane, amapuleti. Lezi zinhlayiya esiyinhlanganisela ahlukaniselwe kalula. okusobala Bona tide amnyama ngezinga elithile. Mica ukhonza abamelwe egwadle namanye amatshe. Ukuthuthukiswa Its kwenziwa izimayini evulekile noma ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo isicelo ukuqhumisa. Mica zinhlayiya akhethiwe edwaleni uquqaba kuphela ngesandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela zenzelwe zamagama alo ezimbonini.

Quartz - mineral, hhayi kuphela ingxenye egwadle, kodwa futhi njalo nazo ifomu elihlukile. zinhlayiya yayo ingase ibe usayizi kusuka kwangu ambalwa kuze kube ngamamitha ambalwa. samuntu esobala lokhu yezimbiwa ibizwa ngokuthi idwala crystal nomhlophe - asebenza ngebhethri Milky. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kuyinto esobala asebenza ngebhethri onsomi - amethiste. Kukhona pink, futhi okwesibhakabhaka, futhi eziningi nezinye izinhlobo amaminerali, ezisetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko enkulu ekwakhekeni ubucwebe.

Granite - rock, esakhiwa okusanhlamvu amaminerali eziningana ezifana mica, feldspar futhi asebenza ngebhethri. Iza bomvana, ompunga, obomvu. Wayengase ngokuvamile itholakala emizini, njengoba zifeza ambozwe kwezinye izakhiwo, wenza ezinezikhoxe ukuba izikhumbuzo futhi basakaza embankments yemifula.