Amazwe ngawo imingcele Russian. Isibalo emazweni akhelene Russia

Russia - ezweni elikhulu, futhi has a lot of omakhelwane. Inani lamazwe ne esemngceleni Russia, esanda lenyuka - States 16 baye baba omakhelwane we Russian Federation ngqo ngaphansi kweSoviet Union, bajoyine ezimbili kancane neyaziwayo - Abkhazia naseNingizimu Ossetia. Ubude emngceleni idatha elingacacisiwe (ngenxa ukuvela republic elisha) uyalingana ayizinkulungwane 62,3 amakhilomitha. Lesi sibalo sihlanganisa ayizinkulungwane 38 imingcele, edabula kolwandle, futhi 7000 - ku 475 emachibini noma emifuleni.

omakhelwane European futhi Asian

Amazwe esemngceleni Russia, esisogwini lonke izwekazi Eurasia. Umngcele phakathi eYurophu nase-Asia egobhoza eCaucasus ububanzi. Ngakho-ke, omakhelwane European lamazwe zethu Norway futhi Finland, kwalandela uthi amathathu aseBaltic ayengama-republic aseSoviet - Estonia, eLatvia naseLithuania. Ukuphelelisa uhlu Poland, Belarus ne-Ukraine. Ukuze omakhelwane Asian abo ayizifiki ezazivela eSoviet Union - Abkhazia, Georgia, km 70 basonta South Ossetia futhi Georgia ukwabelana umngcele esifana ngakho Russian Federation. Khona-ke kukhona Azerbaijan naseKazakhstan ke ibanga kusuka kwemingcele Russian Federation eYurophu yeChina, eMongolia, North Korea, eJapan futhi i-United States.

Ohlukile emngceleni Russian

Amazwe esemngceleni Russia, iningi (ie 10 aphume 18) republic wangaphambilini we-Soviet Union, okuyinto inomngcele ngesikhathi esisodwa namazwe 14 - Japan ne-United States ngo-kolwandle, futhi 12 (6 eYurophu nase 6 e-Asia ) phezu komhlabathi. Russian Federation ngokuqondile Lithuania nasePoland kungukuthi angomakhelwane nabo has a ezivamile umngcele polueksklav Kaliningrad esifundeni.

Polueksklavom ngokuthi isifunda-non-lelitimele, sizungezwe nezinye State, kodwa kokuba ikwazi ukungena olwandle. Emngceleni wentshonalanga Russian Federation, kukhona umphakathi ezimbili ezincane - ngesikhathi komngcele Estonia kuyinto Oaks, umngcele Belarus - Sankova-Bear ezihlobene Bryansk esifundeni.

ubudlelwano obuhle bokwakhelana

Ngakho, inani lamazwe ne esemngceleni Russia, noma kunalokho, insimu yayo esemqoka inkulu, kuyinto 14 States, i-United Nations namalungu republic amabili kancane abaziwayo nasezincwadini nge uthi ezimbili European akhelene Russia nge Kaliningrad esifundeni. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kungase umngcele ezivamile nge Belarus nolunye nganoma yingasiphi - akusiyo ekulawulweni kweminyele. Nge Kazakhstan, Abkhazia naseNingizimu Ossetia umngcele uqhubeke kuphela oqokiwe Ukunqamula amaphuzu, kodwa nge passport Russian.

izihloko European

Inhloko-dolobha yezwe, asemingceleni Russia, uma siqhubekela kusukela nephuzu esenyakatho emngceleni osentshonalanga kuya iphuzu enyakatho empumalanga, zitholakala kulowo myalelo. Kakhulu enyakatho-ntshonalanga yenhloko-dolobha lingumuzi Oslo (Norway). Khona-ke oda kulandele Helsinki (Finland), eTallinn (Estonia), Riga (Latvia). Vilnius (Lithuania) kanye Warsaw (Poland) umngcele ne Kaliningrad esifundeni. Lokhu kulandelwa Minsk (Belarus) kanye Kiev (Ukraine), futhi lolu hlu izihloko European, engumakhelwane ne Russia ongamisa egcwele.

Imizi eyinhloko omakhelwane Asian

izihloko Asian uqale nge Abkhaz Sukhumi, kulandele Tbilisi - umuzi omkhulu Georgia. Tskhinvali - inhloko-dolobha South Ossetia, etholakala cishe maphakathi emngceleni Georgian. Khona-ke kulandela Baku (Azerbaijan), Astana - dolobha Kazakhstan sika, Beijing (China) kanye Ulan Bator (Mongolia). Konke capitals Asian uthi ngawo IRussia umhlaba imingcele.

umngcele Maritime nge waseJapane, obazali dolobha lingumuzi Tokyo, ngokusebenzisa besebunzimeni ezine uhlukanisa esiqhingini Hokkaido kusuka Sakhalin kanye Kurils - La Perouse futhi Kunashir, Ngugobe nawaseSoviet. Inhlokodolobha zokugcina - Washington (USA) ikude isimo Alaska, okuyinto uyashiywa Russia by iBering Strait. Umnyele elisukela lwesiqhingi Romanov Kruzenshtern isiqhingi.

Isimo ngenhla ngaphandle republic kancane baqaphela Abkhazia naseNingizimu Ossetia - kukhona amazwe angu-16 ngawo imingcele Russian.

Omakhelwane ungakhethi

Amazwe esemngceleni Russia, abanaye esithile, akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuba nobuhlobo elula. NATO, 7 aphume 28 amalungu ezithinta imingcele ezivamile nge Russia (ezinhlanu somhlaba kanye ezimbili sogu lolwandle) kungubutha lonke ibutho lethu. Futhi, "mladoevropeytsy" - Estonia, eLatvia naseLithuania kanye ePoland nase-Ukraine, kukhona nomuntu kuyadida nge lo mfelandawonye. Amazwe nge imingcele Russian zasolwandle, Japan US - futhi omakhelwane akuzona enobungane kakhulu. ubudlelwane ngingakhululeki Kwamiswa nge Norway futhi Finland, kodwa lonke nesigamu, umngcele ezivamile nge enwetshiwe kakhulu kunokuhlala emazweni ngenhla, ubudlelwane ongumakhelwane eRussia ngempela elungile, uma hhayi okuhle.

amazwe Southern angomakhelwane

Uhla lamazwe ne esemngceleni Russia, ngokusobala, uzoqhubeka ukushintsha - ngakho, Cape Sarich, eseningizimu eCrimea, Turkey, ehlukanisiwe amamayela 142. Lena ingxenye encane oLwandle Olumnyama.

Amazwe esemngceleni neRussia kuya eningizimu - kukhona China, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia ne-republic amabili kancane neyaziwayo - Abkhazia naseNingizimu Ossetia. IChina izungezwe Russia nase eningizimu-mpumalanga. Futhi eningizimu umngcele ne omakhelwane yinde kunazo. Ngakho, kuphela eKazakhstan, ibanga 7,512.8 amakhilomitha neChina, nobude bawo 4209,3 amakhilomitha, Mongolia - 3485 km. Futhi nje, ngasemngceleni Azerbaijan kuyinto 390 km, Georgia - 365, ne Abkhazia - 255,4 plus 70-ikhilomitha komngcele waseNingizimu Ossetia. Ubude, wonke umngcele oseningizimu eRussia 16,287.5 km.

Omakhelwane esempumalanga nengxenye esentshonalanga

Amazwe esemngceleni neRussia kuya empumalanga - Japan nase-United States, ngawo WaseRussia, kukhona kuphela umngcele zasolwandle. Northern umngcele, futhi, kuphela kolwandle, kuyilapho entshonalanga naseningizimu - ikakhulukazi ezweni.

Nokho, ingxenye enkulu yomngcele ne Norway labetibambile uBarents Sea. Nge Finland futhi Estonia wenabisela kancane phezu iGulf of Finland, eLithuania nase-Poland - oLwandle iBaltic. Nge-Ukraine, eRussia elisemngceleni phezu Azov futhi Black ezilwandle, lapho sihamba ingxenye komngcele Abkhazia. Russia kwi omakhelwane iCaspian Sea Azerbaijan naseKazakhstan, ku-Sea of Japan - neNyakatho Korea. Umkhawulo ulwandle wezwe lakithi kuvumelana imingcele yangaphandle bamanzi sendawo isimo. C lokho emazweni akhelene Russian Federation entshonalanga? Lona komngcele efanayo European - Norway futhi Finland, Estonia futhi iLatvia, iLithuania nasePoland, Belarus ne-Ukraine.

izimangalo indawo

Yiqiniso, njengamanye amazwe amaningi, IRussia izingxabano indawo nomakhelwane balo. Izimangalo ngokumelene ezweni lethu ubeka phambili eJapane, eNingizimu Korea, China, Norway nase-Estonia. Futhi sekuvele ukubeka phambili ezingenasisekelo ezishiwo Taiwan, hhayi kuphela eRussia. Akafuni ukuba angomakhelwane (Taiwan ayiboni China), kubeka isimangalo kulo lonke republic ezikude zaseTuva nomuzi Blagoveshchensk. Kukhona eRussia nakwamanye izingxabano indawo, ngezinye izikhathi ngenxa eziqhingini ezincane kakhulu noma nezimagqabhagqabha komhlaba. Konke lokhu izimangalo, hhayi kuphela e-Russia, izazi-mlando, ososayensi zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu - nezingxabano ngokuyinhloko ngenxa ezindaweni zakubo noma ukubaluleka amasu, kwezomnotho noma zezombangazwe. Izindawo ukubaluleka zezombusazwe, njengoba umthetho, ngokuba alikho futhi elinye incazelo nokubaluleka akudingeki futhi ungameli. Esimweni sethu kuvele kusize abanye izibalo lokushaya amaphuzu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi ekhankasela ukhetho.

Border ushintsho nge ukuqala kwesikhathi

Nge omakhelwane kumele siphile ngokuthula, futhi kuyiqiniso. isibonelo esihle ubudlelwano obuhle bokwakhelana singasebenza njengesisekelo esiqinile sokufinyelela Customs Union, okubandakanya eRussia, eKazakhstan kanye Belarus. Kusukela 2015 uye siguqulelwa Eurasia Economic Union, inhloso okuyinto ukwakha isikhala ezivamile kwezomnotho. ubudlelwano obuhle bokwakhelana Kwamiswa phakathi Russia nase-China. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi emngceleni waseRussia ehlukanisa izwe kusukela nezinye izifundazwe 18 (futhi lena enkulu uhlu umakhelwane emhlabeni), uyogcina ukushintsha.