Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe ophihliza iqhwa "Angara"

Ophihliza iqhwa "Angara" - umkhumbi umusi ukuthi kwaba yeSoviet kuqala bese Russian Navy. Lakhiwa ngaphambi inguquko, namuhla ezikhamba umkhumbi-Museum. Kuthathwa enye ophihliza iqhwa endala kunawo wonke emhlabeni, kanye nezinkantolo isiSwidi Finnish.

Ukwakhiwa kwehlelo ophihliza iqhwa

Usuku lokuzalwa ophihliza iqhwa "Angara" ubhekwa Julayi 25, 1900, lapho umkhumbi wethulwa emzaneni larch (esifundeni sase-Irkutsk). Lo mkhumbi ngokwalo yakhiwa kuleli isiZulu Newcastle. ERussia it zilethwe unassembled.

Ikhasimende kulomkhumbi e Tsarist eRussia lezwakala iKomiti ukuze kwakhiwe ujantshi laseSiberia. Ngaphambi kwalokho, wabhekana nesimo ngempumelelo ngokubambisana neNhlangano bemikhumbi British - yokufuna e 1898 we ophihliza iqhwa "iBaikal", wasebenza phezu kwechibi ofanayo kuze kube ngo-1918.

Bobabili izitsha bayalwa nenjongo eyodwa - ukunikeza inkonzo isikebhe ngoba izitimela ngokusebenzisa echibini Russian. Ukunqamula lahlelwa ngesikhathi uze emhlabeni echibini elikhulu hhayi ukwakha nojantshi.

Isikebhe "iBaikal" kwaba amancane mncane, ngakho umsebenzi oyinhloko "Angara" kwaba kubekwa ngendlela enqamula ice umfowabo omncane. "IBaikal" ayikwazanga ukuqinisekisa ezokuthutha eziphephile kwezimpahla, uma iqhwa mkhulu kunokhalo ngamasentimitha 70. Futhi esimweni ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi leli qhwa kwaba mkhulu kakhulu.

Ngakho, "Angara" futhi "iBaikal" wenza izindiza njalo kuze 1906. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho ukwakhiwa kwalesi Circum-iBaikal sesitimela, kanye nesidingo esiphuthumayo icebreakers ulahlekile yaqedwa. Imali, njengoba ngaso sonke isikhathi, akwanele, ngakho ukuze imikhumbi eyishumi awazange wafuna.

Eyesibili ngokuphila ophihliza iqhwa

ukuphila ophihliza iqhwa lakhe lesibili "Angara" zaqala ngo-1916. Traffic on the Circum-iBaikal sesitimela ngebhuzu ngalesi sikhathi ukuze akwazi ukubhekana zonke ukugeleza traffic.

Ngemva kokunqoba we Okthoba Revolution, i ophihliza iqhwa "Angara", sengathi sonke isikhathi kuleli zwe, zadliwa uhulumeni. omusha injongo steel umgibeli wakhe.

Lapho kulwiwa waqala, umkhumbi sashintshwa saba ukulwa. Its ifakwe nesithupha intshi izibhamu izibhamu. It iqhaza ngesikhathi kugaselwa ukubhubhisa eyayinabantu baseCzechoslovakia amayunithi lempi wamisa phezu osebeni lweChibi iBaikal.

Ngo-1918, ngemva iChibi iBaikal endaweni ezandleni zabamhlophe, "Angara" disarmed futhi ibekwe ngaphansi kokulawula iBaikal ujantshi ukuwela. Lo mkhumbi waphinda waba umgibeli.

Ngo-1920, ngesikhathi indiza, "amhlophe" emkhunjini iye uzibophezele ekubulaleni abantu abaningi abathunjwa ejele e-Irkutsk. Labo baboshwe likathayela zangaphansi zabo, baletha bomkhumbi. Wathola isigwebo sokufa ngemva ababulawa Cossack Lukin ngemiyalo yezikhulu uLieutenant Colonel Sipajlo. Yashaya zonke isiboshwa ekhanda mallets, okuyinto sokuthula elasetshenziselwa ice Pick. Ngemva kwalokho, umzimba isisulu sika elahliwe olwandle.

Ngakho thina ababulawa 31 umsekeli ezimhlophe Polittsentr - uhulumeni okwesikhashana, okuyinto waqondisa Irkutsk esingaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu futhi ezimelene owaziwa ezimhlophe Admiral Kolchak.

IRed Army wabuyela e-Irkutsk kuphela kwentwasahlobo. Khona-ke ophihliza iqhwa "Angara", ogama sithombe kulesi sihloko, kwaphinda sona leso, ngabizelwa empini futhi. Lo mkhumbi yasetshenziselwa ukubhekana izinsalela amabutho Kolchak futhi kappelevskih. Ngale ndlela, i-ophihliza iqhwa yasetshenziselwa cishe kuya ekupheleni kulwiwa - ngo-Okthoba 1922.

Ophihliza iqhwa "Angara": Izici

Ubude umkhumbi sika 61 metres, ububanzi - mayelana 11 amamitha. Ukuphakama - kancane kuka 7.5 amamitha. Okusalungiswa - cishe 5 amamitha. Ophihliza iqhwa "Angar" (e-Irkutsk) has a displacement amathani 1400. Ngu nesikhathi lomkhumbi ihlangabezana zonke izici zalesi ekilasini lwemikhumbi.

Ophihliza iqhwa "Angara" kwaba ifakwe ezine umlilo-tube boilers lokomobilnogo hlobo. Futhi ekhona umkhumbi umusi injini ukunwebeka kathathu.

Speed ophihliza iqhwa "sisitshela ngokusondelana okwakuphakathi" e km / h ukuthi amayunithi ezingaphezu kuka-23. Kokunye bendiza injini wamiswa. Lo mkhumbi equkethwe abagibeli 160, ngaphandle zezisebenzi. Tonnage - amathani 250.

Ophihliza iqhwa eSoviet Union

Ngemva kulwiwa, le ophihliza iqhwa "Angara", umlando okwakubekelwa eyaziwayo izakhamuzi esifundeni sase-Irkutsk futhi waphinde wasebenzisa njengoba esibuthakathaka umgibeli. Ngo-1929, yena iphahlazeka ngesikhathi ebuya ohambweni Kurbulikskogo Bay. Khona-ke emkhunjini wasinda, kodwa kwaba yisifundo kulungiswe enkulu inani elikhulu kokulimala kule ngozi.

Eyesibili emikhulu kabusha, "Angara" kwakuhlelwe Meyi 1941 futhi lihlehliselwe ngenxa kokugqashuka ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe.

Ophihliza iqhwa e impi entsha

Ngalesi sikhathi, i-ophihliza iqhwa iye yasetshenziswa njengomuthi womkhumbi. Wayeqhubeka izikebhe izinhlanzi. Kulo msebenzi wakhonza kuze 1949, lapho namanje waphoqeleka ukuba iqale kulungiswe enkulu isimo lobuchwepheshe sawohloka kakhulu.

Ngalesi sikhathi, nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezingalindelekile nokusetshenziswa amasheya ubudala. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhanda esalibele iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10. Kuphela ngo-1960, "Angara" futhi wakwazi ukuya izintaba. Kodwa ngeke kuqhubeke isikhathi eside.

Ngo-1962, i-ophihliza iqhwa ekugcineni axoshwe izitsha okuqondene ngoxhaxha asebenzayo, mayelana nesigameko abanelisi isimo lobuchwepheshe kanye lokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Ngaleso sikhathi, endaweni, "Angara" uthathé izitsha zanamuhla futhi ngesivinini.

Kuze 1967, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa ophihliza iqhwa ku sump ke wadluliselwa e-Irkutsk Reservoir. Wabe eseqala ukusebenzisa nezinye izinjongo egatsheni DOSAAF wendawo.

metal engenalutho

"Qalisa inaliti 'noma' agqoke metal" - ngakho ukhuluma ngani imikhumbi elingasekho empini, okuyinto zilindele ukulahlwa. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi zabulawa "Angara" elindelwe, kodwa wayesanda yasizwa lucky ithuba.

Mayelana ophihliza iqhwa nje selikhohliwe. Wayengahlezi usike metal, njengoba sekuke kwenteka ezimweni ezifanayo. Futhi umkhumbi iminyaka eminingi wema-Irkutsk Reservoir.

Ngakhumbula mayelana isitsha kuphela ngo-1982, lapho kwanqunywa ukuba zathi yona le-Irkutsk esiteshini emifula. I umkhumbi enkabeni yedolobha, kwanqunywa ukuba ukuvula umlando Museum sasendaweni isisekelo sayo.

Ophihliza iqhwa eyayipakwe komakhelwane Sunny (Irkutsk). Museum akazange abe nesikhathi ukwenza. Ngo-1983, umlilo omkhulu kwagqashuka bomkhumbi. It is cishe ngokuphelele bashisa kanye futhi cishe waminza. Kuleli zinga, ngisho 4 iminyaka ophihliza iqhwa wachitha Irkutsk Reservoir.

ukubuyiselwa umkhumbi

Zonke-Russian Society for Ukuvikelwa lomlando Cultural Monuments, kwanqunywa ku ukubuyiselwa ophihliza iqhwa "Angara". Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe - ukuthi ngayiphi injongo Ungayisebenzisa emkhunjini nomlando omude futhi othakazelisayo. Umsebenzi ekutholakaleni lo mbono ku umkhuba zenzeka esikhathini esiyiminyaka emithathu.

Ngo-November 1990, umkhumbi waze wabeka ngokusemthethweni ku yokupaka eyaphakade Irkutsk Reservoir.

Esichasiselweni Museum

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-Museum usebenza ngesisekelo lesi isitsha. Ophihliza iqhwa "Angara" (e-Irkutsk) kushintshile ukubukeka kwayo futhi, waqala ngalesi sikhathi ukuthatha ebhodini zonke comers.

Lo mbukiso eyinhloko Museum ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko. izivakashi Okokuqala ukutshela umlando navigation ku echibini engaphezu kweyodwa leminyaka ke indaba ngokwayo ophihliza iqhwa "Angara".

Isethi yokuqala ziphephile esizinikezele umlando jikelele navigation kulezi zindawo ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye eziningana. Lokhu ujwayele indlela yokuphila nendlela yempilo kulezi zindawo laseSiberia kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Futhi ethulwa ngokuningiliziwe lokuthumela kahulumeni: Irkutsk Admiralty, wayenomthwalo wokusingatha noma yimuphi umkhumbi futhi Moorings ngezikhathi Tsarist iRussia Navigation School, ukuqeqesha izinduna entsha nezikhulu asolwandle.

ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ikhokhelwa umsebenzi izinkampani zemikhumbi yangasese ku echibini. Omunye wabo nje ephethwe ophihliza iqhwa "Angara". Izivakashi Ungafunda mayelana nokuthuthukiswa iBaikal ujantshi ibhuloho, emva ukwakhiwa eyabonakala i mfula okunye. Ngokucophelela kuze kube sesikhathini sethu Ngokufunda umlando we-East laseSiberia Inkampani yokuthumela.

Engxenyeni lo mbukiso, okuyinto enikelwe ngqo ophihliza iqhwa, okwethula lezithombe zokuqala futhi ubufakazi obubhalwe ukudalelwa wakhe uye savela. Ungabona izimpahla zezisebenzi wangaphambili. Uhambo uphela kwi ngesitimu egumbini lenjini - inhliziyo iyiphi imoto. Lapha ungakwazi ukuzibonela mathupha ukusebenza kwe-umshini, ezakhiwe senkampani.

ophihliza iqhwa izinduna

Ukuze isiphetho sabo phezu ophihliza iqhwa Ngike ngahambela induna ezingaphezu kweyodwa, owayehola kulolu "Angara". Isiphathi lokuqala induna isikebhe wathatha phezu Mazur ngo-1900. I last - Nikolai Zubkov, ekugcineni ukubeka umkhumbi ethekwini ngo-1963.

A indima enkulu isiphetho "Angara" kudlalwa George Lazo. He is ongowokuzalwa e-Irkutsk, omncane ophihliza iqhwa engu-14. Mayelana itilosi umsebenzi ngiphuphe kusukela zisencane. Ngemva uhlelo oneminyaka eyisikhombisa ukuthi lenze yiloba yikuphi colleges bahluleka waya Listvyanka the pier. Waqala ukusebenza itilosi, lapho eseneminyaka engu-16 kuphela ubudala.

Ebuya ohambweni, wangena izifundo likakaputeni futhi wathola isihloko esifanele. Kusukela 1941, wasebenza kuqala njengoba ukaputeni umsizi on the "Angara", bese ngqo induna.

Lazo kwaholela ekwakhiweni umkhumbi phezu slipway ngo-1953, lapho umkhumbi ungaphakathi esibi udinga ukulungiswa.

Uyithola kanjani i-full ice "Angara"?

Ukuze ubone isikebhe ngamehlo akho, kumelwe beze umuntu Irkutsk. Lapha ungakwazi hhayi kuphela ukujabulela ubuhle echibini, kodwa futhi ukuze uthole kule umkhumbi edume.

Ubizwa ilele phansi Irkutsk samanzi komakhelwane Sunny. Esichasiselweni uyatholakala izinsuku ezinhlanu umphakathi ngeviki, ngaphandle ngoMsombuluko. Museum-ophihliza iqhwa iminyango zivuliwe kusukela 10.00 kuya 18,00.

Kuyinto ephawulekayo ukuthi lo mshumayeli kuwumsebenzi non-nzuzo, lapho uthola lisizwa isimo. Umbhali ngomdali ukwakheka main e Irkutske isishoshovu Edward Gavayler ezaziwayo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo iphrojekthi ngokuphindiwe kwaphawulwa ku Museum imincintiswano ehlukahlukene. Ngakho, wathola i-diploma ye-idigri yokuqala ngesikhathi "Izikhumbuzo yomlando ka-Motherland yami encane" ngo-2003. Ngamanye imiklomelo yaso asebenzayo futhi abaningi ehlonishwayo.