Amathambo ase-spongy. I-Scheme ye-bone spongy. Ukwakhiwa kwethambo le-spongy

I-skeleton yomuntu iqukethe amathambo angaphezu kuka-200. Bonke benza umsebenzi othize, kuwo wonke umuntu odala ukwesekwa kwezitho zangaphandle nezangaphakathi. Kuye ngomthwalo nendima emzimbeni, ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo eziningana zazo.

Ukwakhiwa kwamathambo

Esimweni esomile, ithambo lomuntu nge 1/3 linomuthi ophilayo - i-protein e-osteine. Inikeza ukuguquguquka kwayo nokuqina. I-2/3 i-calcium ayinhlangano engavamile, ngenxa yokuthi amandla awo azuzwa kanjani.

Igobolondo yangaphandle yilokho okuthiwa yi-compact substance. Lezi zilinganiso ezincane zezicubu ze-bony. Isendlalelo esinamandla kakhulu singabonwa phakathi kwamathambo e- tubular. Emaphethelweni abo, i-compact substance iba mncane.

Ngokuya ngohlobo lwamathambo, ingxenye yangaphakathi yawo ingaba yinto noma i-spongy substance noma umnkantsha omhlophe, noma ingagcwala umoya. Amathambo ase-spongy, ngaphezu kwalokho, nawo anomnkantsha obomvu.

Ekugcineni, ithambo lingena emithanjeni nasemithanjeni yegazi elixhuma kuwo wonke umzimba futhi linikeze ukudla okunomsoco, ukukhula nokubuyiswa.

Izinhlobo zamathambo womzimba womuntu

Ngokwakhiwa, amathambo ahlukaniswe abe spongy, tubular and pneumatic. I-Tubular nayo ibizwa ngokuthi yisikhathi eside. Zikhona emasendeni emilenze futhi zibophezele ukuhamba kwazo. Lawa mathambo ahlanganisa isisindo esiyinkimbinkimbi nesigxobo esigcwele umongo omnene. Emaphethelweni anomuthi omncane wokuphefumula, ogcwele umnkantsha obomvu.

Amathambo esiponti omuntu ahlanganisa into enesipontiki enomnkantsha obomvu ngaphakathi, ahlanganiswe ne-compact substance. Bakha izinsika (thoracic, cranial) futhi bakhonza njengesekelo ezindaweni ezinomthwalo omkhulu (umgogodla, i-phalanges yeminwe).

Amathambo angenawo umoya anesakhiwo esikhethekile: ngaphakathi kwezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi yindawo, ithunyelwe yi-epithelium futhi igcwele umoya. Isibonelo ama-skeleton omhlathi ophezulu.

Amathambo we-Spongiform: uhlelo oluningiliziwe

Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, isisekelo sethon spongy asifani neze nezinye. Yisigxobo esakhiwe yi-substance compact futhi igcwele isiponti. Ngokwemvelaphi bahlukile. Amathoni wezintambo, isibonelo, akhiwa kusuka kumcubu we-cartilaginous, kanti i-skull ihlanganisa - kusuka ekuxhumaneni.

I-spongy substance iqukethe iqoqo le-bone septa elincane, eliqondiswa ngokuhambisana nokuhamba kwezinto ezitheni. Lesi sakhiwo sikuvumela ukuba ufinyelele amathambo anamandla. Bakha kancane kancane futhi baphahla.

Emaphethelweni wamathambo kukhona izicubu ezinomdlavuza, lapho izakhi zingena futhi ukuphela kwezibilini kungena.

Imifucumfucu ye-spongy substance igcwele umnkantsha obomvu, obhekene nokubunjwa kwama-erythrocytes. Le ndlela ye bone spongy ivumela ukuthi isebenze imisebenzi eminingana ebaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Izinhlobo

Esikhathini isakhiwo samathambo abantu, amathambo spongy ane inzuzo eningi. Ngakho-ke, ososayensi bahlukanisa izinhlobo eziningana zazo.

Kukhona amathambo aphansi futhi amathathu-ntathu. Flat yenza isembozo se-skull nesigxobo se-pelvic. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amahlombe ehlombe. I-Volumetric emelelwe izinkaba kanye nama-phalanges eminwe. I-vertebrae ibhekiselwa kuhlobo oluxubile, ngoba umzimba wabo uqukethe amathambo e-tubular enamandla, futhi inqubo iyigugu.

Ngosayizi, kuwumkhuba wokwabela amathambo amade asele futhi amancane. Omunye kakhulu kunazo zonke izimbambo. Ngamafuphi ama-bones of the phalanx yeminwe nezinzwane.

Ithambo eliyingqayizivele lingabizwa ngokuthi i-scapula. Ihlanganiswe emzimbeni kuphela ngezicubu ezixhunyiwe, kanti iningi lamathambo lihlanganisiwe.

Imisebenzi yamathambo esiponji

Umsebenzi wokuqala noyinhloko owenziwa ngamathambo esiponti yisekela. Bakha ama-skeleton ayisisekelo wesifuba somuntu. I-Vertebrae yakha umgogodla, isekela yonke imvelo endaweni eqondile. Amathambo enyawo anesisindo somzimba wonke.

Umsebenzi wesibili uyisivikelo. Amathambo esipongomuntu adala futhi ajikeleze izikhala, evikela okuqukethwe kwawo ekulimaweni kwangaphandle. Lesi yisikhwama se-skull, izimbambo namathambo e-pelvic.

Umsebenzi wemoto wenziwa ngamathambo ama-phalanges ezinzwane nezandla.

Lapho ukuphazamiseka kwamagciwane kungenzeka, amathambo angaba amahle kakhulu noma aqinile kakhulu. Kuzo zombili izimo, lokhu kuyingozi emisebenzini yabantu evamile.

Ukugcwaliswa kwamathambo kwangaphakathi - umnto wethambo - udlala indima enkulu ekwakheni igazi.

Ukubaluleka komnkantsha obomvu obomvu

Emzimbeni womuntu, iphethini lamathambo esipongi lithatha ubukhopho obunzima bomnkantsha wamathambo kuwo . Kubaluleke kakhulu emisebenzini ebalulekile ukuthi ikhona nasemathanjeni amathumba, kodwa ngobuningi.

Lapho eseyingane, amathambo ase-spongy kanye nama-tubular agcwaliswa ngokufanayo nalesi sici, kodwa lapho iminyaka emincane imifantu egcweleyo igcwala umnkantsha we-yellow yellow.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko lomnkantsha wamathambo yi-synthesis of erythrocytes. Njengoba wazi, lawa maseli ayenawo nucleus futhi awakwazi ukwabelana ngokwawo. Emthonjeni we-spongy, bavuthiwe futhi bangene egazini ngesikhathi se-metabolism emathanjeni.

Ukungaphazamiseka kokusebenza komnyobo omncuba obomvu kuhlanganisa izifo ezifana ne-anemia nezinhlobo ze-cancer yomdlavuza. Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa akuphumelelanga futhi umuntu kufanele asebenze ekufakweni kokubomvu kobuchopho.

Lesi sici sibucayi kakhulu emisebeni. Ngakho-ke, izisulu eziningi zazo zinezimo ezihlukahlukene zesifo somdlavuza wegazi. Leli bhili elifanayo lisetshenziselwa ukuguqulwa kwamathambo, lapho kubalulekile ukubulala amangqamuzana anesifo samathambo.

Umonakalo ongenzeka

Ngokwemvelo yayo, isakhiwo se-spongy bone sivumela ukuthi singavumi ukumelana nomonakalo okwenziwa ngomshini. Kodwa kaningi kunezimo lapho ubuqotho bethambo buphukile.

Ama-fractures okucindezelayo abonakala ngokuchotshozwa kwethambo ngenxa yethonya elinamandla kuwo. Lolu hlobo lomonakalo luyakwazi ukuthola ama-vertebrae. Ungalimala ngesikhathi ukufika okungaphumeleli ngezinyawo noma ukuwa. Ingozi yokuphuka yilapho i-vertebra iphela ukuvikela umgogodla, ongabangela umonakalo wayo.

Ngenxa yokuthi inqwaba yamathambo amakhulu ase-sponge aphikisiwe, angakwazi ukuphahlaza ngesikhathi sokuqhuma okuqinile ngokumelene nezinto ezinzima. Ukulimala okunjalo kuphephile. Ngokuhlinzekwa ngesikhathi esifanele sokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, ukuphahlazeka kuphulukisa ngokushesha.

Amathambo nokuphuza angaphonsa. Kwezinye izimo, ukulimala kwalolu hlobo akuyingozi neze. Uma bekungenaso ihlazo, babuyiselwa ngokushesha. Ingozi yenziwe yilawo mathambo ukuthi, uma ephukile, angathutha futhi ahlabe izitho ezibalulekile. Kulesi simo, ukuhlukunyezwa okungenabungozi kuyimbangela yokukhubazeka nokufa.

Amathoni nokuguquka kweminyaka

Njengazo zonke ezinye izitho zomuntu, amathambo e-spongy ahambisana nezinguquko ezihlobene nobudala. Lapho uzalwa, amanye amathambo angomuso angeke aqiniswe noma awakhiwe kusuka ku-cartilage nezicubu ezixhunyiwe.

Kule minyaka, amathambo avame "ukuma". Lokhu kusho ukuthi ekubunjweni kwawo inani lemvelo lenziwa ezincani, kuyilapho izinto ezimbiwa ngamaminerali zishintsha. Amathambo ahlambalaza futhi alulame isikhathi eside ngemuva kokulimala.

Inani lomnto wethambo libuye lancipha kancane kancane. Ngakho-ke, abantu asebekhulile banamathele ekudleni kwegazi.