Amaphilisi angenakwenzeka: lokhu kusho ukuthini? Izinzuzo nokungalungi

Bonke abagulayo babumbene into eyodwa - baphupha ngokululama okusheshayo. Futhi ngenxa yalokhu kuyadingeka ukudlulisa inkambo yokwelashwa okudingekayo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, okushiwo udokotela. Uma ufaka isicelo esikhungweni sezokwelapha, isiguli siyokwazi ukuthola izincomo ekuvunyelweni komuthi othile wokulungiselela imithi, kanye nesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwayo.

Uzokhetha ochwepheshe ngesiguli sakhe kanye nefomu lokulinganisa elihle. Ukugcwaliseka kwesimo sokugcina emisebenzini yezokwelapha yanamuhla kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu.

Amafomu wemithi

Imithi yezidakamizwa ingaba nokungafani okuhlukile. Indlela yokukhululwa kwabo yilezi:

- gaseous (aerosols kanye negesi);

- uketshezi (ukuxubana nokumisa okwesikhashana, izitshalo kanye nezitshalo, izinhlanganisela nezisombululo);

- soft (ama-suppositories nama-patches, ama-ointments, liniments kanye namadepsi);

- eqinile (amahlumela kanye namalungiselelo, ama-powders kanye namathebulethi, ama-capsules nama-granules, amaphilisi nama-powders).

Izidingo zanamuhla ezifweni zemithi

Ngamuphi uhlobo okufanele umiswe ngumuthi wezidakamizwa udokotela? Kubalulekile ukuthi ifomu layo lilungile kulolu gulane. Lokhu kuzovumela umuthi ukuthi ube nomthelela wemithi emzimbeni hhayi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isici esibalulekile salolu khambi yindlela elula yefomu layo. Futhi kufanele kube mnandi kuwo wonke umuntu: kokubili abagulayo nabasebenzi bezokwelapha. Futhi uma lesi sidakamizwa singabantwana? Khona-ke kufanele kube lula izihlobo zeziguli ezincane.

Futhi lapha kufanelekile ukuzindla. Ingabe ukujova, amaphilisi, ngezinye izikhathi ahlukaniswe abe izingxenye ezine, namanye amafomu wokulinganisa okwezifiso kithi? Akunjalo! Futhi lo mbuzo ubaluleke kakhulu lapho izingane ezincane ziba iziguli. Yebo, inkinga yesimo esingenakulinganiswa ifomu, kodwa ngenxa yentuthuko yesayensi yesimanje itholakala kalula.

Ukwakhiwa okusha

Ngokwelinye isiguli, udokotela ngokuqinisekile uzohlinzeka ngamalungiselelo e-pharmaceutical aphethwe amaphilisi. Vumelanisa ukuthi lokhu kuhambisana kwezinto ezidakamizwa kuyinto ejwayele kakhulu kithi. Thatha iphilisi ngesikhathi sokugula, sijwayele kusukela ebuntwaneni, futhi siyazi kahle ukuthi ukwamukeleka okukhululekile kufanele kuphulwe noma kuhlukaniswe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokuchotshozwa. Yebo, zonke lezi zenzo zokwenza kahle iziguli ezidakamizwa kwakudingeka zenziwe kuze kube yamuva. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube yimanje, imboni yezokwelapha iye yasungula ifomu lezindlela zokuguquguquka - amaphilisi ahlakazekayo. Kuyini? Lena indlela entsha entsha yamaphilisi afana nathi.

Njengamanje, lisetshenziselwa inani elilinganiselwe lemithi yesiguli kanye namalungiselelo angaphezu kwemithi, ikakhulukazi amavithamini namagciwane. Kusukela ezibhebheni ezivamile, lezi ezingahlakazeki ziyahluka ngoba azidingi ukugwinya. Ziyakwazi ukuchithwa ngqo emgodini womlomo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingafakwa emanzini, bese uthatha isisombululo ngendlela yokumiswa. Futhi lokhu kuyinzuzo enkulu yephebhulethi ehlakazekile.

Isimiso sokusebenza

Iningi labantu lingakajwayele uhlobo olunjalo lwemithi njengamaphilisi ahlakazekayo. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Umbuzo onjalo awusavamile.

Ifomu elisha kodwa elingaziwa futhi elingaziwa kahle akusilo isisombululo hhayi isiraphu abantu abaye babazi izinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Ziyini lezi amaphilisi ezihlukile kwezinye izidakamizwa?

Igama elithi "ukusabalalisa" kusho ukugaya. Kuvela ukuthi amaphilisi anegama elinjalo achotshozwa ngokwawo ngendlela ethile. Lokhu kwenzeka kanjani? Iqiniso liwukuthi into esebenzayo yethebhulethi, okungaba, isibonelo, i-molecule ye-antibiotic, ihlanganisa ne-filler, yokwakha i-microsphere ekhethekile. Ithuluzi elisha liyizinkulungwane zezinhlangano ezinjalo. Uma uxhumane nomphakathi owenziwe kahle, ithebhulethi engabhubhiswanga isuka emaqenjini ayo amancane. Lezi zindlela "ezihlakaniphile" zigcina futhi zilondoloze into esebenzayo ize ifinyelele ezimweni ezifanele. Ngakho-ke, esiswini isisombululo sivikela isakhi sokuphulukisa kusuka ku-hydrochloric acid, futhi kakade ku-duodenum izibopho kanye nokugcwalisa ziphukile. Kulesi sigaba, i-substance esebenzayo ikhishwa futhi ingena egazini.

Zihloselwe bani?

Udokotela wanikeza izibhebhe ezingasetshenziselwa isiguli sakhe. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Imithi kule fomu inconywa yizintatheli ukuthi, nganoma yisiphi isizathu, wenqaba ukusebenzisa imithi ejwayelekile. Udinga ithebhulethi efanayo kanye nalowo ozokwamukela i-agent yezokwelapha kuleli fomu kuzoba ngcono kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abahlushwa i-dysphagia (ukugwinya ukungasebenzi) banqunyelwe futhi amaphilisi angabonakali. Lokho okushiwo yilezi zithini kubo? Lena indlela ehlukile yemithi, okuvumela isiguli ukuba sithole ukwelashwa okudingekayo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi iziguli ezine-dysphagia zitholakala kuzo zonke izigaba. Ngokwezibalo zezokwelapha zase-US, ukwephulwa kwesenzo sokugwinya kubonakala ku-35% wabakhileyo kuleli zwe. Ithinta abangama-60% asebekhulile. I-Dysphagia ibuye ibonwe ngeziguli ezingama-18-22% ezikhungweni zezokwelapha ezingelapheki.

Amaphilisi angeke avunyelwe ahlanzeke ngamanzi. Yingakho bavumelana ngokugcwele nalabo abakhubazekile futhi bodwa. Izindlela ezinjalo zikhethwa ngabantu abamatasa nabahambi. Ngempela, bobabili nalabo abaseduze abanalo ingilazi yamanzi njalo.

Futhi ekwelapheni kwezingane, amaphilisi angabonakali abalulekile. Ungathatha kanjani umuthi onjalo? Ithebhulethi ingagonywa ngokuphelele noma ichitheke kunanoma yimaphi amanzi. Futhi ezinganeni, umuthi unganikwa kanye nobisi lomama. Kuyinto enhle, elula futhi ephelele solvent for izingane.

Ekuqaleni, abadali bala maphilisi bacabanga ukuthi kulula ukuphatha izingane. Noma kunjalo, ifomu elingabhubhiswanga liye labonakala libe yinto yonke. Futhi nanamuhla akubhekwa nje njengama-nursery. Induduzo nenduduzo ekwelapheni kufanele kube khona.

Umlando wokubukeka

Ngaphambi kwamaphilisi okungaqondakali, abantu basebenzise ibhakede, noma ibhakali. Ngalolu hlobo, imithi iye yakhiqizwa, okusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile, yayinezinto eziphansi zokuphila futhi kwakungavumelekile ukuyisebenzisa. Izidakamizwa ezinjalo zemithi zaziyi-analgesics ne-steroids.

Okulandelayo, amaphilisi angabonakali asungulwa. Bayihlobo luni lwemali? Kule fomu, amavithamini akhiqizwa ekuqaleni. Amaphilisi ahlakazeka kahle emanzini, okuthandwa yizingane.

Kamuva, leli fomu laqala ukuthola uhlelo olubanzi embonini yezokwelapha. Inqubo yenziwa ngcono futhi ihlangene nenqubo yokulethwa kwezidakamizwa ngokusebenzisa ama-microparticles akhishwe ngesikhathi sokuhlakazwa.

Ithebhulethi yokuqala engabhubhiswanga, eyayingase ihlakazeke emgodini womlomo, yakhululwa ngo-1990 e-United States. Ngokushesha kwamukelwa yi-US Food and Drug Administration.

Izinzuzo zamathebulethi ezintsha

Ukuze uqonde ukuguqulwa kwesimiso sembonini yezokwelapha, kuyadingeka ukuba wazi kahle kakhulu. Uma sicabangela ipharamitha elinjalo njengezinga lokumuncwa, khona-ke lingabonakali kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nejwayelekile. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Leli fomu lesidakamizwa lizoqedwa ngokushesha emgqumeni wokugaya. Ithebhulethi evamile enezinga eliphansi lokumamitha ngezinye izikhathi lilimaza mucosa emathunjini, futhi uma kwenzeka kwenzeka ama-agent angenakubalwa lokhu akhishwe.

Yiziphi ezinye izinzuzo ukuthi ifomu elisha linalo? Ochwepheshe bathi inhlawulo ephezulu, enezibhebhe ezingabonakali. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Lesi sici emithi yesimanje sinendima ebalulekile ekuchazeni izindawo zomuthi onikeziwe. Nge-bioavailability kuqondwa ikhono lomuthi okumele lithathwe emzimbeni. Ikhwalithi yenkambo yokwelapha ixhomeke ngqo kumagugu kwalesi sici. Isibonelo, imithi esetshenziselwa uketshezi olwenziwe nge-injection ine-bioavailability egcwele. Ngezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa imithi, kubalulekile ukunqoba indlela ende kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho ingxenye ethile yayo ayifinyeleli umgomo nhlobo. Ifomu elisha lezidakamizwa liyahlakazeka zibe yi-microgranules. Lesi yisici esiyinhloko samathebhulethi angahlakazeki. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Ukwehla kwamagciwane ama-microgranules kwandisa ukutholakala kwe-agent. Ixhunyiwe kakade emathunjini amancane, okwenza umphumela wokwelapha, ofana nokusetshenziswa kwezijovo.

Uhlangothi oluhle lwamathebhulethi anjalo ukunambitheka kwabo okuthakazelisayo nokuphepha okukhulayo, okudalwe ngokunciphisa ingozi yokugulisa amandla lapho uthola imithi.

Izinkinga zamaphilisi amasha

Ingabe abakwa-pharmacy bathola ifomu elilinganayo lomthamo? Cishe. Futhi lawa maphilisi ayenawo ngaphandle kokushiyeka okuthile. Okuyinhloko kuphethwe ngezindleko eziphezulu ze-agent engabonakali. Inani lamathebulethi afanayo landa ngenxa yokwehluleka kokusebenzisa inqubo yezobuchwepheshe yokukhiqiza kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli fomu lokulungiselela lidinga ikhwalithi ekhethekile yokupakisha. Akufanele avumele i-ejenti ukuthi ixhumane namanzi kuze kube yilapho umuntu efuna ukuwuthatha.

«Amoxiclav»

Cabanga ngemiphumela yama-dispersible agents esibonelo samathebulethi, okuhlanganisa inhlanganisela ye-clavulanic acid ne-amoxicillin. Lesi sidakamizwa "i-Amoxiclav," okuyi-penicillin engezansi yokwenza, okungukuthi, i-antibiotic.

Lesi sidakamizwa sikhiqizwa inkampani "Sandre", okuvumela iziguli ukuba zithole ifomu lokulinganisa ngokutholakala okuphezulu. Umkhiqizo we- "Amoxiclav" unezinkomba ezibhalisiwe ezijwayelekile zamathebhulethi avamile. Ukwamukelwa kwayo kuvumela ukuqhuba ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwe-sinusitis engapheli neyinkimbinkimbi, imidiya ye-otitis, izinhlobo ezahlukene zezifo kanye nekhanda lika-zaglugal.

Ifomu elifanayo lomuthi "i-Amoxicav" inqunyelwe iziguli ezisesimweni esinzima sokulinganisela. Usizo oluhle kakhulu kubo - amaphilisi angabonakali. Ungathatha kanjani indlela evamile ngokubunzima ukugwinya? Kunzima! Futhi lapha isimo esingenakubalwa sesidakamizwa esithi "Amoxicav" simane singenakulinganiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kwazo zonke izinzuzo zamathebhulethi ahlakazekayo, le ejenti yakhelwe ukucabangela umthamo wezinto ezisebenzayo ezidingekayo isiguli. Ukwelashwa kusebenza kangcono futhi akudingi ukulungiswa.

Amaphilisi angabonakali "Amoxiclav" ahlakazeka ngokuphelele emanzini, itiye noma ijusi. Ngenxa yalokho, isiguli sithola ukumiswa kwezidakamizwa. Ngethebhulethi eyodwa udinga izibuko ezingu-1-2 zamanzi, kodwa hhayi ngaphansi kuka-30 ml. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, ikhambi lixubile ngokuphelele. Amaphilisi angabonakali "i-Amoxiclav" angahle abuye abuyele emlonyeni womlomo. Ukuqedwa kokuqala akudingeki.

Kulula kakhulu ukufakwa kwemithi. Amathebulethi afakwa ku-blister ngesistimu yokungena okulula. Ngamanye amazwi, lesi sidakamizwa ngeke sidingeke sisuswe kuphakheji. Ku-blister eyodwa kukhona amaphilisi amabili. Le mali ihambelana nomthamo wansuku zonke.

"Nyz"

Lo mkhiqizo wezokwelapha osebenzayo uyajwayele abaningi bethu. Ukusetshenziswa kwalo kukuvumela ukuba unciphise ubuhlungu futhi unciphise umkhuhlane.

Ngoba namuhla kunesidakamizwa kungenzeka ukuhlangabezana namathebhulethi angahlakazeki "Najz". Ngamunye wabo uqukethe 50 mg wezinto ezisebenzayo - i-nimesulide. Kwiphakethe ye-blister yamaphilisi angu-10.

I-agent esebenzayo kumele ichitheke emanzini ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Futhi ithebhulethi eyodwa ithatha ithisipuni 1 yetshezi.

Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukunikeza ukulungiselela okuhlakazekile "Naise" iziguli ezincane.

Isiphetho

Isayensi yanamuhla iye yavumela ngamunye wethu ukuba athole ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezingenayo injini zamakhemikhali ezemithi. Umjovo ubeka esikhundleni samathebhulethi angahlakazeki. Kulesi simo, isiguli singaqiniseka ukuthi uthatha imithi engeyona emnandi kuphela ukunambitheka, kodwa futhi nokuba nokusebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi ikhululekile ekusebenziseni.