Leh Valensa: Biography, umndeni, ephathelene nemikhankaso yezombusazwe, imiklomelo

Leh Valensa (owazalwa 09/29/43 e Popowo, Poland) - wamalungelo owasiza ifomu futhi kwaholela (1980-90), le ezimele inyunyana lokuqala Polish lamaKhomanisi "ISolidarity". Umholi onekhono ezigidi abasebenzi Polish abe ngumengameli (1990-95). Ngo-1983 wathola uMklomelo Wokuthula KaNobel.

Leh Valensa: Biography

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II ngo matasa Poland Walesa uyise Boleslav ngaphambi kokuzalwa Lech wavalelwa ekamu okufukuzwa , futhi ngo-1945 washona yokukhathala futhi wathola eshaywe ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele eminyakeni engu-34. Unina, uFeliksi yaba nethonya elikhulu endodaneni yakhe. Umpristi wendawo uyakhumbula wakhe ngokuthi "iza owesifazane ohlakaniphile." A

Walesa kwaba umfundi Okuqukethwe akuzwakali lesikole lesifunda, bese iziqu isimo esikoleni sokufundela e Lipno, lapho ezikhethekile ngogesi. C-1961 kuya ku-1965 wasebenza esikhungweni yesevisi izimoto.

Kwaphela iminyaka emibili engawutholi waba yisosha, lapho amukelwa khona elisezingeni ukhoporali.

Electricians ngisemsebenzini

Ngo-1967, Leh Valensa waqala ukusebenza ngogesi e-yokwakha izikebhe omkhulu. Lenin e IGdańsk. Ngo-1970 wabona nezibhelu ukudla ngesikhathi lapho amaphoyisa abulala ababhikishi eziningana. Uma imibhikisho entsha ngokumelene ubuholi lamaKhomanisi of ePoland saqala ngo-1976, wabonakala njengenhlangano emelene nohulumeni inyunyana isishoshovu, okuholela umsebenzi elahlekile.

Ngo-August 1980, lapho Gdansk ngisemsebenzini ukuthi ungcwatshwa imibhikisho, kubangelwa kwentengo yokudla, Leh Valensa akhwela phezu kocingo futhi wajoyina izisebenzi ibhizinisi, owakhetha kuye njengenhloko yomkhaya nabasebenzi abasesitelekeni, ogunyazwe ukuxoxisana nabaholi igceke lemikhumbi.

Ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-3 izimfuno ezazamukelwa, kodwa uma isiteleka ngezinye izitshalo Gdansk Lech ebuzwa ukuqhubeka isiteleka, masinyane bavumelana. Wayehola iziteleka interplant, ndawonye amarhwebo esifundeni Gdansk-eSopot-Gdynia. IKomiti ukubeka phambili eziningi izimfuno zezombusazwe ngokugqamile, kuhlanganise ilungelo lokuteleka kanye kumiswa khulula zabasebenzi, wamemezela kutelekwa. Esaba ukuvukela ethandwa, iziphathimandla zamaKhomanisi baye bavuma izimfuno eyinhloko abasebenzi, futhi ngo-August 31, kwathiwa yasayina isivumelwano ebanikeza ilungelo ukuhlela ngokukhululekile futhi ngokuzimela. Ukusayinwa ubuhanjelwe Mechislav Yagelsky, Isekela uNdunankulu Okokuqala ePoland Leh Valensa. Biography of umholi we wumfelandawonye wezinyunyana kushintshile futhi: sase siphendukile ku Gdansk Shipyard salibangisa National Coordination Commission.

ubumbano

Uma, ekuphenduleni lesi sivumelwano abalulekile abasebenzi abangaba yizigidi ezingu-10-Polish nabalimi wajoyina zabasebenzi semiautonomous, Interfactory nabasebenzi abasesitelekeni lalenziwa National Federation of Trade Unions njengoba uSihlalo walo futhi isiKhulu Omele nge Walesa. Ngo-Okthoba, "ISolidarity" inyunyana lalimisa ngokomthetho uhulumeni Polish, eholwa Federation kanye Lech ku ukuhilizisana neziphathimandla, kungagcini ikhono kweSoviet ukungenela ezempi.

Leh Valensa: uMklomelo KaNobel

Federation ukunqoba wazibonakalisa eziyize. Ngo-December 1981, uhulumeni Polish wafakwa labuswa umthetho, "ISolidarity" is ivalwa futhi iningi nabaholi bayo baboshwa, kuhlanganise Leh Valensa, sigubha khona iminyaka eyisihlanu biography ahlanganiswe ejele. Ukunikeza kwakhe ngo-1983 Nobel Peace Prize le liye wagxeka uhulumeni Polish. Esaba odingisiwe okungafunwa, wahlala Poland, nomkakhe, noDanuta Walesa, waya Oslo, Norway, ukwamukela umklomelo egameni lakhe.

ukunqoba Ukhetho

Njengoba umholi ukunyakaza komhlaba "ISolidarity", Walesa yabekwa ukuhlukunyezwa njalo kuze kube isikhathi lapho omunye ukuwohloka ezimweni zomnotho, futhi kwakuza igagasi elisha zomsebenzi isiyaluyalu 1988 ophoqelelwe uhulumeni Polish hhayi ukuxoxisana naye nabanye abaholi sobunye. yi wazo wawudlula isivumelwano, okuyinto kuvuselelwe ngesimo esingokomthetho "ISolidarity" futhi ajeziswe ukhetho mahhala inani elilinganiselwe izindawo elibuyiselwe endlini engenhla ephalamende imbala. Ngo-June 1989, le nhlangano ithole iningi kulezi zindawo, futhi ngemva Walesa unqabe isiphakamiso lokwakha uhulumeni sokusebenzisana ne amaKhomanisi, iPhalamende waphoqeleka ukuba agunyaze IKhabhinethi Wongqongqoshe ngaphansi kobuholi "ISolidarity", yize yena enqaba ukuba umholi walo, kusho uNdunankulu.

Inhloko isimo

Ngo-1989, Walesa wasiza inyunyana uzakwabo Tadeusz Mazowiecki abe undunankulu kwalo hulumeni, kodwa wamemezela candidacy yakhe ngokumelene naye umongameli ngo-1990 futhi won oqondile wokuqala wokhetho lobumengameli ePoland i Iningi liphendule.

Njengoba uMongameli Polish Walesa zasiza khulula ukhetho ePhalamende ngo-1991 futhi wathatha ingxenye ekuguqulweni emnothweni kazwelonke emakethe khulula. Wabonisa amakhono emangalisayo kwezombangazwe njengesilo umholi we "ISolidarity", kodwa umbuzo olula yakhe, isitayela impikiswano nokwenqaba ukudambisa imingcele eqinile isisu phansi ukuthandwa kwakhe ekupheleni elivikelekile lokusebenzisa umhlaba ehhovisi. Ngo-1995, wahlanganyela kokhetho, kodwa egqilazwe wangaphambili lamaKhomanisi Aleksandra Kvasnevskogo, ikhanda weDemocratic Left Alliance. Kwaphinda Walesa wagijima umongameli ngo-2000, kodwa wathola yingxenye encane kuphela amavoti. Ngo-1997 yena wasungula salibangisa inhlangano yezepolitiki "Christian Democracy III Republic Poland."

Ukuzihlukanisa ezombusazwe

Ngenxa kokunqotshwa 2000, Walesa yamemezela isikhathi sakhe sokuthatha umhlalaphansi kwezepolitiki. Ngemva kwalokho, wayehumusha isikhathi sakhe esiningi ngisebenza sikhungo ngegama lakhe siqu, eyasungulwa ngo-1995 ukuze basakaza ulwazi ipumelelo "ISolidarity", kwenyuswe ukuthuthukiswa wentando yeningi kanye nokwakhiwa temphakatsi ePoland futhi emhlabeni.

Ngo-August 2006, Walesa umemezele somhlalaphansi wakhe kusukela ezimele inyunyana ngesikhathi libhikisha ukuweseka kwawo elibusayo "Ilungelo futhi ubulungisa» (PIS), kanye Lech futhi Yaroslava Kachinskih, amawele, abake unendawo letigcamile kulesimo "ISolidarity "futhi abe ngumengameli futhi undunankulu, ngokulandelana. Ngokusho kwakhe, inhlangano isibe ongamazi kuye, kwaba omunye okuqinisekile, inkinga ishintshile nabantu. Ikakhulukazi, wamelana ukususwa Kaczyński nabantu ababejwayelene yangaphambili umbuso zamaKhomanisi abuye etame ukushicilela uhlu abasebenzi PIS-inkathi amaphoyisa omshoshaphansi, Poland.

Kusukela ngo-2004, esebenza Gdansk sezindiza Lech Wałęsa. Izikwele nasemigwaqweni ogama lakhe behlonipha umholi yangaphambili "ISolidarity", zitholakala e-United States, eCanada nase-France. Ngo-2009 wayengumuntu lesikhumbuzo e-Alley abawinile Polish uMklomelo KaNobel.

Ngo-1981, "Isikhathi", waba Pole lokuqala ukuba ukhishwa isihloko "Muntu Unyaka" umagazini. Kusukela uQueen Elizabeth II unikela Leh Valensa waklonyeliswa isihloko Honorary iLungu Order of the Bath. Futhi ukhishwa oda amaningi izindondo lamazwe angaphandle, e Umq. H. kaMongameli wasebusika wase-United States Freedom, amaFulentshi Legion of Honour, Order of "Merit weRiphabhulikhi Italian", Order Swedish we uSeraphim, Order Danish we Indlovu, Order IsiFinishi of White Rose, Order isiPutukezi of Liberty futhi the infante Dona Enrike, Order Norwegian St Olav, Order Ukraine Prince Yaroslava Mudrogo, eCzech UNongorwana ingonyama White, Order "Ukuze Merit we iFederal Republic of Germany", Order laseChile of Merit, le op Estonia ene Cross Mary Land, UNESCO indondo nabanye.

ukuphila Siqu

Novemba 8, 1969 Leh Valensa washada noDanuta Golos. Lo mbhangqwana kwadingeka izingane 8: Bogdan (1970), Slawomir (1972), Przemyslaw (1974), uJaroslav (1976), Magdalena (1979), u-Anna (1980), Maria-Victoria (1982) kanye Brigid (1985). Yaroslav Valensa naye waba sezombusazwe futhi wayeyilungu ePhalamende 2005-2009, futhi ngo-2009 wakhethwa ukuba European Parliament.

Ngo-2008, Lech Walesa kwakwenziwa yenhliziyo Umthambo stenting futhi pacemaker ezifakiwe.

ejenti Bolek

Sekungamashumi eminyaka owayengumongameli Poland, wamangalelwa e yokuthi ngawo-1970 bathi wayeyingane efana nezinye enikezwe i service lamaKhomanisi imfihlo, naphezu umbhikisho walo categorical kanye isinqumo senkantolo ekhethekile ngo-2000, asuse amacala ukubambisana. Nokho, hype ezungeze lezi zinsolo zingamampunge futhi wavuka ngo-2008. Kwabe sekukhululwa incwadi ethi yanyatheliswa, hero udlalwa Leh Valensa. Umholi Biography inyunyana eyayihambisana amaqiniso ebonisa ukuthi kusukela ngo-1970 kuya ku-1976 wasebenza njengenhlangano lwezokuphepha op ngaphansi igama lekhodi Bolek. Udaba wavuswa futhi ngo-February 2016, lapho i-Institute of National Remembrance, yakhelwe ukuba aphenye amaNazi namaKhomanisi inkathi ePoland, wasuka umfelokazi owayenguNgqongqoshe Wezangaphakathi materials, owawuthi Walesa kwaba impimpi amasevisi nokuvikeleka. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kuye kwatholakala ukuthi babambisane wezokuPhepha, wenza isandla sakhe irisidi imali, indaba yakho wedwa futhi imibiko nokubambisana agent secret Bolek. Leh Valensa waphika ematfuba ubuqiniso kwemibhalo futhi wasikisela ukuba khona angase ukuqoshwa batholakele kuye ngesikhathi search efakiwe.