Electroencephalography - kuyini? kuyinto electroencephalography kanjani?

ubuchopho bomuntu - isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kulapha ndawonye kwemizwa izinqubo umsebenzi wonke abangena ukwaziswa okulethwa yizinzwa bese amaza elakhiwe amasignali impendulo ukwenza isenzo esithile.

Ngezinye izikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi ubuchopho iqala ukuba angasebenzi kahle. Usola khona izilonda sokugembula kule nselele ingqondo. izindlela ezivamile zokuxilonga ezifana ultrasound, i-MRI, abaziniki njalo isithombe ezanele yomsebenzi wakhe. Ezimweni ezinjalo kubalulekile ukuba afeze ukususwa Bheka - isithombe ubuchopho. Ukutadisha kumiswa amagagasi ingqondo ibilokhu electroencephalography. Kuyini lokhu?

Kuyini lokhu indlela?

Ngaphansi electroencephalography manje ukuqonda sigaba esithile electrophysiology, iye ukutadisha umsebenzi kagesi zobuchopho futhi izingxenye zayo ngazinye. Isilinganiso wenziwa esebenzisa electrode ekhethekile isetshenziswa ekhanda ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. ubuchopho Electroencephalography bakwazi wasithatha ushintsho encane kunazo umsebenzi ezinzwa, okuyinto usibeka oda ngenhla ezinye izindlela ukuxilongwa izifo zezinzwa.

Ngenxa yalokho sokubhaliswa umsebenzi ubuchopho kukhicite "isifinyezo" noma ijika - i electroencephalogram. Kungenzeka ukuhlonza zonke izindawo umsebenzi zazisa ubuchopho, livezwa amagagasi ezithile nesigci. Selisho idatha isigqi of izinhlamvu ngesiGreki zamagama (ukwaba okungenani 10 yalezi isigqi). Ngamunye wabo yakhiwa wavelength ethile ngazo umsebenzi ubuchopho noma ingxenye ethile yalo.

History of the ucwaningo

Ukuhlola ubuchopho umsebenzi kagesi seluqaliwe e 1849, lapho kwakutholakala ukuthi njengoba umsipha noma ezinzwa fibre, uyakwazi ukwakha pulses kagesi.

Ngo-1875, ososayensi ababili Okusizayo ezizimele (Danilevsky eRussia futhi England Caton) bakwazi ukunikeza idatha yokukala electrophysiological umsebenzi ebuchosheni izilwane (isifundo sasiqhutshwa izinja, onogwaja nezinkawu).

Izisekelo Bheka babekwa ngo-1913, lapho uVladimir Vladimirovich uVladimir Pravdich-Neminsky wakwazi ukuqopha electroencephalogram kuqala nge ubuchopho inja. Waqale ezihlongozwayo igama elithi "elektrotserebrogramma".

Ngokokuqala ngqá e encephalogram womuntu salotshwa ngo-1928 usosayensi German Hans Berger. Wasikisela ukuqamba kabusha electroencephalogram eside, futhi indlela kabanzi kusukela ngo-1934, lapho ukutholakala isigqi Berger sika siqinisekisiwe.

inqubo kanjani?

Ukubhaliswa biopotentials zobuchopho kwenziwa umshini okuthiwa i electroencephalograph.

Ngokuvamile, imisinga isinyathelo ekhiqizwa ubuchopho, kuyinto buthaka kakhulu, futhi kunzima ukulungisa. Futhi kulokhu Umsizile kuza electroencephalography. Kuyini eshiwo ngenhla. Nge idatha nenkanuko edlulele electroencephalograph nekhono nokuzuza lapho sidlula umshini.

I nekhono elotshiwe ngenxa electrode ngokufanele ekhanda.

Isignali okuholela zingaqoshwa noma ephepheni noma egcinwe ku-elekthronikhi (Bheka computer) ukuze kuqhutshwe uphenyo.

Irekhodi ngokwayo yakhiwe mayelana okuthiwa zero ezingaba khona. Ngoba kwamukelwa noma ingxenye yendlebe ethambile noma mastoid inqubo wethambo yesikhashana, okuyinto bungakhiphi biocurrents.

Registration kwenziwa pulses electrode ibekwe phezu kwekhanda at izikimu akhethekile. I obanzi kunayo uhlelo 10-20.

Ukushayela 10-20

Lokhu Isikimi standard ukubekwa electrode. Basuke basakaza ekhanda ngekulandzelana elandelayo:

• Umugqa wokuqala kunqunywa ukuthi uxhuma phakathi impumulo futhi inion. It ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye 10 alinganayo. I electrode nesibongo zisetshenziswa ngokulandelana kuya ezokuqala nezokugcina, yeshumi, komugqa. Enye electrode amabili aboshelwe electrode ezimbili zokuqala buqamama elilingana 1/5 ubude kwakhiwa ekuqaleni komugqa. Okwesihlanu ibekwe iphakathi usumisiwe.
• Evamile kumiswa elinye umugqa phakathi zangaphandle meatus sokuzwa. Izinzwa efakiwe, amabili ohlangothini ngalunye (e Nenkabazwe ngamunye) no one - phezulu.
• Okuhambisana umugqa lesemkhatsini phakathi entanyeni ibhuloho ekhaleni kukhona omunye imigqa 4 - kwesokudla futhi parasagitalnye kwesokunxele futhi yesikhashana. Badlula ngokusebenzisa electrode ogibele "indlebe" komugqa. Ngokusho imigqa esungulwe electrode ngaphezulu (5 - ukuze parasaggitalnuyu futhi 3 - kwi yesikhashana).

Ebusweni isamba electrode ikhanda 21 isethwe.

Ukuhunyushwa imiphumela

Ikhompyutha electroencephalography ngokuvamile kuhilela arekhoda imiphumela kwikhompyutha ukudala mayelana database ngamunye nesineke. Ngenxa yalokho, nenkanuko edlulele idatha elakhiwe oscillations Rhythmic ezimbili zama. Evamile ukubizwa ngokuthi alpha ne-beta amagagasi.

Eyokuqala ngokuvamile fixed esimweni ukuphumula. Basuke izimpawu voltage at 50 UV futhi isigqi ezithile - abafika kwabangu-10 ngomzuzwana.

Bheka ubuthongo kusekelwe ukuzimisela amagagasi beta. Ngokungafani ubunjalo-alpha ngamagagasi, mancane ngobukhulu futhi zenzeka isimo namalanga. Ukuvama yabo imayelana 30 ngomzuzwana, futhi zinamandla - azungeze 15-20 mV. Lezi amagagasi ngokuvamile ibonisa umsebenzi evamile ebuchosheni isimo angavaleki.

Electroencephalography Clinical kusekelwe nenkanuko edlulele ngamagagasi idatha. Noma yimuphi ukuphambuka wabo (isib okuvela-alpha-wave esimweni ucabangana) likhombisa khona inqubo sokugembula. Futhi kungase kubangele amagagasi encephalogram sokugembula - Theta-amagagasi, igagasi isiqongo - noma ukushintsha ubuntu babo - okuvela izakhiwo zangasese.

Izici cwaningo

Okudingeka yocwaningo iyona baxhashazwe isiguli. Uma wenza umsebenzi ku-ukuphazamiseka electroencephalogram kwenzeka, elibuye kuvimbela emagama efanele. Ezinganeni, khona nokugxambukela is ngenakugwemeka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, it has nobunzima ayo elitholwa yizingane futhi yena electroencephalography. Kuyini - ukuchazela ingane kunzima, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi naye bamcela ukugqoka isigqoko electrode. Kungabangela ingane nomuzwa uvalo ukuthi nakanjani phendulela imiphumela. Yingakho abazali kufanele waxwayisa ngokuthi udinga nganoma iyiphi indlela ukuze coax ingane ukugqoka electrode.

Phakathi nesifundo, ngokuvamile eyenziwa izivivinyo hyperventilation futhi photostimulation. Bavumela ukukhomba abanye ukushayisana ubuchopho, hhayi irekhodwe ngalokuhlelekile wedwa.

hhayi Kunconywa ngaphambi kwesifundo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungavunyelwe ukusebenzisa noma isiphi izidakamizwa ezithinta ingqondo.

Izinkomba inqubo

Nokho, kwezinye izimo, Kunconywa ukuba bafeze lo cwaningo?

Bheka indlela okuboniswe kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• Nge umlando nakwisyncope nokuguqulwa.
• Kwaphela isikhathi eside kukhona ikhanda, ungaphenduli imithi eyanele.
• Uma ukwephula memory nokunakwa.
• Izinkinga zokulala kanye nezinkinga nge ngilale nokuvuka.
• Uma usola i backwardness kwengqondo ukuthuthukiswa izingane.
• Isiyezi nokukhathala.

Ngaphandle kwezinto ezibalwe ngenhla, electroencephalography ikuvumela ukuba iqaphe imiphumela ukwelashwa seziguli ezithola uhlobo oluthile yokwelapha izidakamizwa noma Physiotherapy.

Indlela evumela ukucacisa khona izifo ezifana nesifo sokuwa, izimila ebuchosheni, izifo ijwabu ingqondo, izinkinga trophic futhi kwegazi izicubu ingqondo.

Electroencephalography ezinganeni lolwentelwa sitholakele-Down syndrome, cerebral palsy, retardation engqondo.

Izimo inqubo

Ngu uqobo, le nqubo has cishe akukho Izimo. Into kuphela ongavimbela kusebenta kwaso, kuba khona phezu kobuso ikhanda lika ukulimala olubanzi, izinqubo-acute ezithathelwanayo noma ezivuzayo nasezinkingeni ezilandela ngemva kokuhlinzwa, angekhe aphole ngesikhathi inhlolovo.

ubuchopho electroencephalography kwenziwe ngokuqapha ezigulini enobudlova ngokwenqondo njengoba ukuwabuka ngokuthukuthela nangokufutheka kungaholela iyunithi. Ukuze baqedwe iziguli anjalo kumele esasikhipha zinhlungu, okuyinto kwehlisa inani okuqukethwe inqubo kanye umphumela imininingwane enganembile.

Noma nini uma kungenzeka, senqabe ukwenza inqubo e iziguli ezinokuphazamiseka ezinzima decompensated kohlelo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Uma electroencephalograph ephathekayo etholakalayo, kungcono ukuyisebenzisa, kunokuthi isiguli cwaningo zokuxilonga.

Isidingo ucwaningo

Ngeshwa, hhayi wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi kukhona indlela uphethwe njengoba electroencephalography. Kuyini - uyazi inombolo ngisho amancane abantu, yingakho akubona bonke ukuya kudokotela mayelana nokuziphatha kwakhe. Futhi ngeze, ngoba le ndlela kuyinto ayizwani uma ubhalisa nekhono zobuchopho. Lapho uphenyo olwenziwe kahle isifundo futhi emagama ohambelana idatha kungenzeka ukuthola cishe ukuqonda ngokugcwele ukusebenza izakhiwo ngobuchopho khona kungenzeka inqubo sokugembula.

Okungukuthi, ithekhniki le kuvumela ukucacisa khona retardation kwengqondo izingane ezincane (Nokho kufanele nakanjani bayowenza iqiniso lokuthi nekhono zobuchopho ezinganeni athé ukwehluka labo abadala).

Ngisho noma kungekho ukwephulwa phezu ingxenye isimiso sezinzwa, ngezinye izikhathi kungcono ukuqhuba luhlolo zokuxilonga nge ukufakwa oyisibopho le Bheka, njengoba angavumela ukunquma izinguquko kusuka ngomhla ka e isakhiwo ubuchopho, futhi ngokuvamile kuba ukhiye eyinhloko yokwelashwa okuphumelelayo lesi sifo.