Lase-Amur River - emlonyeni, umthombo nemingenela. Incazelo emfushane izici namanzi ukugeleza

Akekho izakhamuzi esifundeni eMpumalanga Ekude kuyoba ukuphikisana ngokuthi emfuleni yabo eyinhloko Amur. Itholakala kwi endaweni yesine phakathi emifuleni isiRashiya, wesibili ngobude kuphela ezifana ukugeleza ngokubabazekayo njengoba ob, Yenisei noLena. I soMfula Amur - oLwandle Okhotsk.

Incazelo emfushane

ukugeleza aqueous ezakhiwe nokuhlanganiswa Arguna futhi Shilki. Indawo lapho kuvela, ukuze eKhabarovsk kubhekwe umngcele ophakathi kwala mazwe womabili: Russia nase China. Ezitshekile embhedeni akuyona ezingaphezu kuka 0.11%. Umthombo kanye esizalweni somfula elula Amur for 2850 km. Ngezinye izikhathi, njengendlela yekucala ethola kwenye yezingxenye of imifula - shilku, kulesi simo ukugeleza kwamanzi kuyoba ubude 4510 km. Nokho, lezi zimiso kungenzeka ingalingani ngokuphelele, ngoba inqubo isilinganiso kubenzima. endaweni Basin, kuhlanganise emfuleni Kerulen kuyinto 2 million square metres. km. Kuyo yonke ukugeleza kwamanzi kungabonakala nasemkhakheni umehluko isici. Ngokwesibonelo, esigodini yayo ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu: esiphansi, esiphakathi, engenhla. Ngayinye yalezi zingxenye has usayizi othile futhi obubanzi isiteshi ukujula, kanye nesimo ukugeleza. Ukuphakama soMfula Amur (kanye ukuphakama kolwandle) lingu-0 m, ngenkathi umthombo - 304 m ngaphezu kolwandle.

geography

Zonke amanzi echibi ukugeleza itholakala eMpumalanga Asia. Ihlanganisa ezine nje esishintshashintshayo yemvelo: ihlathi, asemaqeleni, asemaqeleni, lulwimi ehlane. Minyaka yonke, uwela mayelana 300 mm imvula, esilinganayo eya emthonjeni kanye soMfula Amur; endaweni ye Sikhote-Alin, ikakhulu yayo ingxenye eningizimu-asempumalanga, lokhu inani lakhuphuka lafika ku-750 mm.

Lo mgodi emfuleni ihlanganisa amazwe amaningana - Russia (54%), China (44%), Mongolia (1%). Ingxenye Amur River, esemgwaqweni WaseRussia, ihlukaniswe esifundeni Ekude naseSiberia.

Hydrology

Lase-Amur River, emlonyeni esemgwaqweni emzini Nikolaevsk-on-Amur, ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu:

• Lower. Lolo hide luqala ngo phezu 966 km. Kunenzuzo kwezohwebo. Etholakala eduze soMfula Ussuri ukuze Nikolaevsk-on-Amur. I velocity ukugeleza kule isikhawu-4 km / h, kungaba ngempumelelo bahlanganyele ukudoba, hhayi kuphela ngezinhloso siqu, kodwa futhi ukudayiswa.
• Isilinganiso. Ithumba ingxenye Zei ukuze Ussury. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu 970 km. Coast endaweni is ezinabantu embozwe kwezimila. Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela yamanzi umfudlana-avareji yamaphesende mayelana 5 km / h. Umbhede lokhu igebe ngokwanele ebanzi futhi ijulile, okuyinto enomthelela ukuthuthukiswa lokuthumela.
• Upper. Sinwebiswe umlomo River Zeya futhi imayelana 880 km. Famous for ezihlukahlukene yayo yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile, uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana abameleli salmonids. Flow Rate - 5 km / h.

Amanzi ukusetshenziswa ngoba unyaka 9819 m ³ / s, iningi lezi zibalo zihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa emzini Komsomolsk, lapho uMfula Amur ageleza. Umlomo imali efanayo okuningi - 11 400 m ³ / s.

Futhi kungenzeka isici esiyingqayizivele ukusakaza aqueous kushiwo ukuthi ezingeni amanzi kuwo kushintsha njalo ngenxa imvula. Njengomthetho, zakha ezingaphezu kuka-70% ukugeleza. Ehlobo kusho amanzi ezingeni amanzi sehliselwe 15 m phezulu futhi ingxenye phakathi Amur, ukuphakama aphansi ifinyelela sokuntenga komnotho ezweni sihlalise irekhodi - 8 m kwezinye izindawo ukugeleza usabalala ibanga 25 km .. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu ngenxa isimo sezulu ejwayelekile, ikakhulukazi izimvula eziphikelelayo esindayo. esimweni emfuleni okunjalo ongama izinyanga 2-3. Kuleli qophelo, ngemuva kokunikwa eyakhelwe Hydro eziningi, izikhukhula mancane evelele, futhi izinga lamanzi nxazonke 6 m.

ngemvelo

Lokhu kusakaza aqueous eziyingozi izinto izinkomba eqolo futhi kungaba yingozi kokubili ezweni elingaphandle, futhi impilo yabantu. Ngo-2005, i-ngozi yenzeke la kuhlangana ifektri Chinese, ngenxa okuyinto zaphonswa amakhemikhali anobuthi eMfuleni Songhua. Lesi senzakalo saba nomthelela ongemuhle isimo emvelweni of imifula, okuyizinto nemingenela jikelele. Ngokusho komunye wabo phezu Amur kwalethwa uphethiloli, nitrobenzene kanye nezinye izinto. Sinenkosi isikhathi eside kwaba ibala omkhulu ubuso bakhe phezu kwamanzi. Phenol, ama-nitrate nezinye izinhlayiya microbiological - uqukethe zonke River Amur. Estuary, omanzi akhe ezingcoliswe kakhulu ngokwanele, sisonqenqemeni lwenhlekelele semvelo. Ukuze ugcine amanzi eduze eKhabarovsk, idamu lakhiwa. Lokhu kuzoshintsha ukuhamba emfuleni, bese uthumela zonke ukungcoliswa amakhemikhali ogwini enyakatho, esemgwaqweni eRussia. Ngemva konyaka, idamu kancane adiliza, njengoba kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuba abantu wanyamalala.

iminyaka engu-3 ngemuva kwengozi ngesikhathi isitshalo ngo-2008, izakhamuzi ezindaweni ezisogwini, kwatholakala i bahlakaniphe uwoyela, futhi leyo mali ifinyelela isilinganiso 2 km. Nokho, njengoba ososayensi bezama, kwaqala zehlulekile ukumisa.

Amur emfuleni, okuyinto ecebile emlonyeni nemingenela, inokusakazwa eziningana:

• Zeya - kwekulu emfuleni umcengezi.
• Bureya - ezifakwa ocebile ore namalahle.
• Songhua, noma Songhua has izinkinga ezinkulu emvelweni.
• Ussuri River kuyinto amanzi supply ebalulekile.
• Anuy - isici esasenza emfuleni wukuthi yenzeka rips.
• Amgun ocebile inhlanzi kakhulu futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ezimbonini.

Muva nje, kwakukhona umbono wokuthi kuyinto owumthelela Amur Zeya, hhayi okuphambene nalokho. Ngokusebenzisa izithombe kusuka isikhala, singabona ukuthi okuningi esigcwele fudlana ebanzi. Ngokombono Geological umbono, kuba phambili esigodini Amur River (ngifuna bebheke "eNingizimu-North"). Nokho, kude umlomo liwumthombo ngokusebenzisa indlela evamile - ngokusebenzisa Argun, lase-Amur. Ngakho-ke, ububanzi emfuleni ogeleza egcwele ziyamaniswa nokungangeni sokunquma elotshiwe kanini.