Kuyini ukuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo? Umuntu owezinto ezibonakalayo ungubani?

Ubani onguchwepheshe wezinto ezibonakalayo? Ngaphambi kokubhekana nalomqondo, kubalulekile ukuba nomqondo mayelana nencazelo yokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo. Okokuqala, lokhu kuyindlela yamafilosofi monism, okusho ukuthi lolu daba luyisisekelo esiyinhloko emvelweni, nokuthi konke (kuhlanganise nokuqaphela kanye ne-psyche) kungumphumela wokusebenzisana ngezinto. Ngakho-ke, lo mkhiqizo wezinto ezibonakalayo uhambisana nomqondo wokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo noma umlandeli wayo.

Ukusebenzisana namanye amazwe omhlaba wefilosofi

Ukuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo kugxile kakhulu ekuziphatheni ngokomzimba. Lesi siqondiso sefilosofi sichaza umhlaba lapho yonke into ekhona iqondiswa yi-physics nemithetho yayo. Ubuciko besayensi yobufilosofi buye kwavela kude nokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo, ngoba imfundiso yayo ihlotshaniswa nokutholakala ngokomzimba.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo, kunomkhawulo wezesayensi eziqondile, ekukhulumisaneni kwayo kukhona isikhala sesikhathi kuphela, amandla angokwenyama, indaba emnyama, amandla nezinye izinto ezithintekayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuqhubeka nomgomo ovamile walezi zikhombisi-ndlela, umuntu angasho ukuthi afana naye, kodwa akufanele usebenzise la magama njengama-synonyms.

Kunezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-philosophical currents

Umqondisi wezinto ezibonakalayo ungumlandeli wezwe lefilosofi, umbono we-classic monism, izinqubomgomo eziphikisana nokucabanga, ubuqili nokubunjwa. Kungasho ngokuphepha ukuthi ukuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo ukuguqulwa okuphelele kwezimfundiso. Abafisa izinto ezibonakalayo bathi lolu daba luyisisekelo, futhi ukuqonda kuyinto yesibili. Futhi ama-idealists asho konke okuphambene nalokho.

Naphezu kwenani elikhulu lezikole zefilosofi kanye nokungafani okucashile phakathi kwabo, izigaba eziyinhloko zefilosofi zisengokwenyama nezinto ezibonakalayo. Kusuka kula maqembu zonke ezinye izinhlobo zombono ziyeza, ezungeze umqondo oyinhloko uphuma ngaphandle kwemfundiso.

Kukhona futhi inkolelo yefilosofi ezizimele - lokhu kuyi-dualism: inkolelo yokuthi indaba nokuziqhamuka zikhula ngezimo ezizimele ezihambisana nomunye nomunye.

Amafilosofi-abathandi bezinto ezibonakalayo

Ngekhulu le-19, uKarl Marx noFriedrich Engels banweba umbono wokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo, bathuthukisa isiqondiso esisha sefilosofi "ukuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo" (40). Noma kunjalo, abazange basebenze naleli gama. Leli gama laqalelwa nguJoseph Dietzgen ngo-1887.

Isimiso esifushane sezimfundiso zikaMarx and Engels ukuthi isisekelo sezwe siyindaba, futhi ulwazi lwakwakhe. Ukunyakaza nokuthuthukiswa kwezwe, njengokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo, kusho ukuphikisana okungokomoya. Imithetho eqondile ye "diamat" (okufingqiwe) yibuqotho nokuphikisana okuphikisanayo, ukuguqulwa kwezinguquko ezishintshayo ekuguqulweni kwekhwalithi, umthetho wokuthi "ukunganaki".

Umthombo we-diamete uyindlela evamile ebuyekeziwe ye-Hegel kanye nezimfundiso zefilosofi zikaFuererch's materialism.

Abantu abadumile baseRussia bezinto ezibonakalayo:

• UBartholomew Zaitsev (iminyaka yokuphila kuka 1842-1878) - umgxeki odumile wezincwadi kanye nama-nihilist angu-60 ekhulu le-19 leminyaka.
• UNikolay Kareev (iminyaka yokuphila kuka 1850-1931) - isazi sezenhlalo, isazi sefilosofi. Imisebenzi yakhe edume kakhulu yilezi: "Philosophy yomlando wamasiko nezenhlalakahle ezikhathini zanamuhla", "Imidwebo endala nemisha mayelana nokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo".
• Matvey Troitsky (iminyaka yokuphila 1835-1899) - ummeli wefilosofi yezobuciko eRussia. Umsunguli we "Moscow Psychological Society" yokuqala. Umsebenzi ophawulekayo, ochaza izinto eziyisisekelo zokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo, "Umdwebo wokufundwa kumathephysics kaProfesa Lotze."
• UDmitry Pisarev (iminyaka yokuphila engu-1840-1868) - udemokhrasi odumile wezentando yeningi, ummangalelwa obala kanye nogxeki. Omunye wabamele abavelele kakhulu "abangamashumi ayisithupha".
• U-Nikolay Dobrolyubov (iminyaka yokuphila kuka-1836-1861) ungumbuso wezombusazwe oguqukayo, imbongi kanye nomphakathi. Umlandeli wokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo, ukukhwabanisa nokuziphendulela okunengqondo. Uphikisana ngokuthi noma yikuphi amandla okuqala ayinganekwane, futhi ubukhulu bendawo yonke kubalulekile.

Yini i-accountant impahla?

Wake wake wezwa ngomsebenzi onjalo? Ngubani lo? Lo ngumphathi we-akhawunti-mgomo wezinga eliphakeme lezimfanelo zokubalwa kwezinto eziphathekayo zehhovisi ebhizinisini. Lesi sakhiwo sinomthwalo walezo zindawo zomsebenzi wokubalwa kwamabhuku, okwenzelwa wona njengomuntu ophetheyo.

Igama lalo mkhakha awuxhunywanga nezezimfundiso nezinkomba zefilosofi. "Umthengisi wezinto ezincane" - lokhu nje igama elivamile labasebenzi bamarekhodi ehhovisi, okusebenza kwawo kungafaka izingxenye ezihlukahlukene, kuye ngokuthi ububanzi benkampani buyini.